Ni-Y分子筛对燃料油中二苯并噻吩的吸附性能研究

以Y型分子筛为载体,采用液相离子交换法制备Ni-Y分子筛吸附剂。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)、低温液氮吸附法、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对Ni-Y分子筛进行表征,使用静态吸附方法考察吸附条件对分子筛吸附燃料油中二苯并噻吩性能的影响,并使用Langmuir-Freundlich(L-F)方程对分子筛的吸附等温线进行拟合。结果表明,Ni2+离子的改性对分子筛的孔道结构影响不显著。吸附过程中,吸附时间、剂油比以及芳烃类物质的干扰,都对吸附效果有较大影响。利用L-F方程拟合,计算出25℃时Ni-Y分子筛对二苯并噻吩的饱和吸附量为72.9 mg/g。     

NiCeY改性沸石吸附燃料油中二苯并噻吩的研究

用NaY沸石制备了负载二元金属Ni和Ce的NiCeY燃料油脱硫吸附剂，并通过静态吸附实验考察了NiCeY沸石对模拟燃油中二苯并噻吩（DBT）的吸附性能。结果表明，在正辛烷/DBT体系中，NiCeY 对DBT的吸附平衡时间为2 h；剂油比对脱硫率有明显影响，剂油比为0.1 g/mL时脱硫率达100%。在正辛烷/DBT/环己烯体系中，吸附剂对DBT吸附量的大小顺序为：NaY＜NiY＜CeY相似文献   

新型材料处理化学镀镍废水

采用一种同时具备吸附和离子交换功能的新型材料CARBONITE对低浓度化学镀镍废水进行实验研究,分别探讨了CARBONITE用量、pH值、温度和反应时间对CARBONITE去除废水中Ni2+的影响,并考察了CARBONITE的再生性能。实验结果表明,当CARBONITE投加量为1.5 g/L,pH值为6.8,温度为40℃,反应时间为6 h时,CARBONITE对Ni2+去除率可达最大值91.39%。用pH值为4的硫酸溶液对吸附后的CARBONITE进行再生实验,效果良好,再生3次之后的CARBONITE对Ni2+的去除率仍能达到82%左右。     

铁酸锰纳米材料吸附含Ni~(2+)电镀废水的性能研究

采用非表面活性剂水热法制备了铁酸锰(MnFe2O4)纳米材料吸附剂,研究了吸附时间、溶液pH和温度对MnFe2O4纳米材料吸附模拟含Ni 2+电镀废水和实际含Ni 2+电镀废水中重金属Ni 2+的吸附性能,并探讨了该材料的再生利用性能。结果表明,MnFe2O4纳米材料可有效吸附电镀废水中的Ni 2+,吸附平衡时间为600min。对20mg/L的模拟含Ni 2+电镀废水,投加4.5mg的的MnFe2O4纳米材料进行吸附处理,Ni 2+的吸附去除率高达98%左右;实际工程应用中,应保持电镀废水偏碱性、温度25℃;MnFe2O4纳米材料具有理想的再生利用性能,重复吸附5次后,吸附去除率仍可达82.24%,在实际废水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

牛粪生物炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附影响因素及特性

为了考察以牛粪为原料制备的生物炭对水溶液中Cd2+的吸附效果,进行了吸附影响因素、吸附等温线和动力学研究。结果表明,当热解温度为700℃、投加量为20 g/L、溶液初始pH为5、水溶液Cd2+初始浓度为10 mg/L、吸附平衡时间为60 min和溶液温度为25℃时,对Cd2+的吸附效果最佳,Cd2+去除率可达99%以上。提高溶液温度有利于吸附。降低生物炭热解温度和投加量对吸附效果影响不大。Langmuir方程能更好地拟合生物炭对Cd2+的吸附等温过程,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。牛粪生物炭是性能优良、价格经济的水溶液中Cd2+的吸附剂。     

油泥制备除油吸附剂

以油泥为原料,采用ZnCl_2活化法制备吸附剂,吸附处理水中的油类物质。研究了制备油泥吸附剂过程中活化剂ZnCl_2溶液浓度、固液体积比、活化温度、活化时间对吸附剂性能的影响,并对吸附剂比表面积和孔隙分布进行了分析。确定了技术经济性最佳的制备条件为ZnCl_2溶液浓度5.0 mol·L~(-1),固液体积比1∶1.5,活化时间2.0 h,活化温度450℃,吸附剂BET比表面积为316.088 2 m~2·g~(-1),对水中油类污染物质去除率为94.61%。     

Fenton活化制备污泥炭对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

利用Fenton活化法活化脱水污泥制备活性炭,研究了Fenton试剂投加量、活化时间、炭化温度、炭化时间和升温速率5种因素对制备污泥炭的影响。污泥炭的最佳制备工艺:Fenton试剂投加量为150 m L,活化时间为2.5 h,炭化温度为350℃,炭化时间为1 h,升温速率为20℃·min-1。污泥炭碘吸附值达到331.90 mg·g-1,BET比表面积为24.265 m~2·g-1。总孔容为0.146 cm~3·g-1,微孔率为17%。分析了吸附时间、pH值和吸附温度3种因素对污泥炭吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。在吸附时间为90 min,pH=3,吸附温度为50℃时,污泥炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量为9.93 mg·g-1。吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型描述,吸附过程符合Langmuir和Tempkin等温吸附模型描述。     

热解气活化的活性炭对水体中甲萘威的吸附性能

以生物质混合压缩颗粒为原料,在600~900℃活化温度下,循环利用热解气制备活性炭,考察热解气的活化作用及活性炭对农药甲萘威的吸附性能。结果表明:热解气具有明显的活化作用,经过活化的炭与热解炭相比孔结构更加发达,表面更加粗糙;活化温度对活性炭理化性质具有显著影响,随温度升高,活性炭芳香性升高,极性降低,含氧官能团逐渐减少,比表面积由239.00 m~2·g~(-1)增加到629.20 m~2·g~(-1),平均孔径由5.438 nm减小至3.005 nm;Freundlich模型能够很好地拟合活性炭对甲萘威的吸附等温线,随活化温度升高,活性炭吸附能力增大;吸附动力学更符合伪二级反应动力学模型,60 h内基本实现吸附平衡;当活化温度为800℃,单位原料对甲萘威的吸附量最大。     

沙柳活性炭纤维的制备与表征

以(NH_4)_2HPO_4活化沙柳纤维制备活性炭纤维,L_(16)(4~5)正交实验优化制备工艺条件,重点研究了活化温度对活性炭纤维结构的影响。同时应用扫描电镜(SEM)对其表面形貌进行表征,通过N_2吸附-脱附测定其孔结构。结果表明,随着活化温度的升高,活性炭得率逐渐减小,碘吸附值先增大后减小,在浸渍比2.5∶1、预氧化温度200℃、预氧化时间90 min、活化温度为800℃、活化时间60 min的条件下,可以制备出比表面积为1 304 m~2·g~(-1)、总孔容为1.004 cm~3·g~(-1)、得率为31.6%、碘吸附值为1 321 mg·g~(-1)的纤维状活性炭。     

Mn-Ag/13X的焙烧温度对等离子体催化氧化吸附态甲苯的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备一系列在不同温度下焙烧的Mn-Ag/13X分子筛催化剂,并用SEM、BET、XRD和XPS对催化剂进行表征。在低温等离子体反应器中,考察了不同焙烧温度制备的催化剂对甲苯的吸附和低温等离子体催化氧化甲苯的性能。研究结果表明,在对甲苯的吸附中,不同温度下焙烧的催化剂的吸附穿透时间依次为:600℃500℃400℃300℃700℃,600℃的Mn-Ag/13X催化剂比表面积最大,到达甲苯吸附穿透的时间最长;在低温等离子体催化氧化甲苯中,不同温度下焙烧的催化剂催化氧化所产生的CO_x浓度大小依次为:500℃600℃400℃300℃,CO_2选择性依次为:600℃500℃400℃300℃,焙烧温度为500℃的Mn-Ag/13X催化剂的晶格氧多,产生的CO_x多,对甲苯的催化氧化活性高。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.