固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蔬菜中8种磺胺类抗生素

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定蔬菜中8种磺胺类抗生素(SAs)的分析方法.以10 mL乙腈(添加2 g无水硫酸钠、0.1 g乙酸钠、0.1 g Na2EDTA)进行提取,HLB柱净化富集.采用RESTEKPinnacleⅡC18色谱柱,以水(含0.1%甲酸)和乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)为初始流动相进行梯度洗脱.在电喷雾-多反应检测离子模式下,进行定性定量分析.SMZ的方法定量限为0.2μg·kg-1,其它7种化合物的定量限均为0.1μg·kg-1.不同加标浓度(5—100μg·kg-1)下8种SAs的回收率大部分约在70%以上,相对标准偏差(RSD)多数小于10%,表明该方法能够满足实际样品的分析要求.利用该方法对某无公害蔬菜基地进行分析,蔬菜中检出3种以上磺胺类抗生素,含量在0.20—17.43μg·kg-1(干重)之间,总含量在2.42—27.60μg·kg-1之间.     

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法测定水中的11种精神活性物质

采用在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱技术,建立了地表水中广泛存在的11种精神活性物质的检测方法.样品经微孔滤膜过滤后,用甲酸调节至pH=3.0,直接进入在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱仪进行分析.样品以Oasis HLB萃取柱净化富集,被流动相反冲出萃取柱后进入UPLC系统,采用Waters ACQUITY BEH C18色谱柱分离.上样泵(四元泵)的流动相为纯水和体积分数为0.5%的甲酸乙腈溶液,分析泵(二元泵)的流动相为乙腈和体积分数为0.1%的甲酸水溶液.以电喷雾正离子(ESI+)多反应监测模式(MRM)进行定性定量分析.该方法分析时长13.0 min,11种精神活性物质在0—10 ng·L~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数R~2≥0.9877,检出限≤0.1 ng·L~(-1),6次平行测定峰面积RSD≤10.80%.该方法前处理简单、快速、重现性好,可用于环境水体和饮用水中痕量精神活性物质的测定.将建立的方法应用于北京市城市地表水及污水处理厂采集的水样分析,地表水中未检测到苯丙胺,污水处理厂水样中检测出11种精神活性物质,其中浓度最高的为可替宁,在进水中最高可达到2035.28 ng·L~(-1).     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水体中三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚

本研究建立了固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定水体中痕量三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(TSPEOn,n=6—29)的方法.水样经HLB柱富集,用10 mL二氯甲烷-甲醇混合溶液(1∶1)洗脱,将洗脱液氮吹至近干后,用乙腈定容至0.5 mL.采用C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,5μm)+Silica(2.1 mm×150 mm,4μm)串联色谱柱,以乙腈和2 mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵水为流动相,在电喷雾正离子、多反应监测模式下对TSPEOs进行定性分析,外标法进行定量分析.结果表明,TSPEOn(n=6—29)在0.06—512.5μg·L~(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数在0.989—0.999之间,方法检出限为0.001—0.22 ng·L~(-1),定量限为0.004—0.72 ng·L~(-1),平均回收率在67.4%—103.3%之间,相对标准偏差为0.7%—14.8%,该方法可用于实际地表水样中痕量TSPEOn(n=6—29)的测定.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中27种三嗪类除草剂

应用固相萃取(SPE)-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)建立了水中27种三嗪类除草剂的分析方法.通过对固相萃取柱、淋洗液和色谱柱流动相等的优化,确定以Oasis HLB固相萃取柱、0.1%甲酸-乙腈(2∶8,V/V)为淋洗液、0.1%甲酸-乙腈(6∶4,V/V)为流动相做水样预处理.在最优条件下,目标物在水中回收率为79.1%—129.2%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)在8.8%—14.3%,线性范围均在1—2000μg·L-1,各目标物标准品在UPLC-MS/MS系统中有效的线性相关系数(R2)为0.999以上.该方法具有检测限低、回收率高等优点,经实际样品测试,可适用于水中27种三嗪类除草剂残留的同时检测.     

通过式固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中18种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS;MS)快速测定蔬菜中18种农药残留的方法.样品经乙腈提取后,经Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱进行分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱.采用电喷雾电离源、正离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)进行定性和定量分析.结果表明,18种农药在0.5—50μg·L^-1范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.995),方法最低检出限为0.4—1.5μg·kg^-1,最低定量限为1.4—5.0μg·kg^-1.在韭菜、芹菜、番茄、白菜基质中,5、10、50μg·kg^-1添加水平下的加标回收率为60.2%—126.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.4%—21.6%(n=3).     

高效液相色谱联用高分辨质谱和电喷雾检测器定性和定量检测水苏糖提取物中寡糖成分

本文建立了高效液相色谱联用电喷雾检测器(HPLC-CAD)检测水苏糖中寡糖成分的方法.利用高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS)鉴定了水苏糖中包括蔗糖、棉子糖、甘露三糖和毛蕊花糖等多种寡糖成分.方法采用XBridge BEH Amide色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0μm)，乙腈-水(70:30)为流动相进行测定.结果表明，蔗糖、棉子糖、甘露三糖质量浓度与峰面积分别在2.763—110.5μg·mL^-1、9.906—396.2μg·mL^-1和12.24—489.5μg·mL^-1范围内呈现良好线性关系(r>0.999)，平均回收率(n=9)为100.1%—103.4%,RSD为1.09%—2.49%.该方法灵敏度高，准确性好，操作简便，可用作水苏糖提取物质量控制的有效方法.     

固相萃取-液相色谱/串联质谱法测定食品中噻酮磺隆的残留

建立了食品中噻酮磺隆残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.样品采用乙腈提取,C18固相萃取柱净化,经Hypersil GOLD C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱多反应离子监测方式测定.结果表明,噻酮磺隆在0.5—50 ng·m L-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999.在5、10、50μg·kg-1加标水平下,平均加标回收率为73.4%—114.6%,相对标准偏差为4.38%—11.09%.该方法稳定、可靠,可满足食品中噻酮磺隆残留残留的检测与确证.     

地表水中10种抗生素SPE-HPLC-MS/MS检测方法的建立

应用固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立了地表水中10种抗生素(甲氧苄啶、氨苄西林、头孢氨苄、头孢噻肟钠、红霉胺、罗红霉素、螺旋霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、克拉霉素、夫西地酸钠)的分析检测方法.水样经过HLB小柱浓缩萃取之后,以反相色谱柱Shim-pack XR-ODS为分析柱,乙腈和0.1%甲酸-水溶液为流动相,采用HPLC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)离子模式进行分析.结果表明,所建立方法的方法检出限(MDL)为0.0056—3.9675 ng·L~(-1),基质加标回收率为50%—127%,平行样品间相对标准偏差均小于11%(n=6).该方法操作简单、定性定量准确,检出限低,能够满足测定地表水环境中抗生素痕量残留的分析要求.应用该方法测定了北京地区清河地表水中上述10种抗生素的残留状况.     

果蔬中外源植物生长调节剂的快速提取和测定

建立了同时测定果蔬中11种外源植物生长调节剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法.果蔬样品经酸性乙腈-乙酸铵溶液,超声波辅助提取,Pro Elut NH2填料净化后直接进样分析,采用正负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式,外标法定量.结果表明,在优化后的提取方法、色谱和质谱条件下,11种外源植物生长调节剂在0.003—10 mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)大于0.999,检出限为0.001—0.01 mg·kg-1,平均回收率范围为78.4%—100.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)范围为2.5%—6.6%.该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、净化效果好,适合果蔬中外源植物生长调节剂的快速测定.     

高效液相色谱-荧光法测定水中,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐

建立了水样中甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)残留量的柱前衍生高效液相色谱测定方法.水样经乙酸乙酯提取后,运用N-甲基咪唑-乙腈(NMIM-CAN)(1+1)、三氟乙酸酸酐-乙腈(TFAA-CAN)(1+1)在避光条件下进行柱前衍生化反应,反应20min后,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器进行测定结果表明,水中甲维盐添加浓度在0.0001-0.O1mg ·l-1范围,方法的回收率为78.4% -115.2%,变异系数为3.0%-11.3%,方法最低定量限为0.0036mg·l-1方法的灵敏度、精密度和准确度完全满足农药残留分析的要求.甲维盐在巢湖水中的残留量低于该方法的检出限,稻田水中的残留量为0.54mg·l(-1).     

High performance liquid chromatographic determination of pesticides in soluble phase and suspended phase in river water

A high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed to determine pesticides in river water as both dissolved phase and suspended phase. The target pesticides were eight herbicides, asulam, diuron, flazasulfuron, linuron, MCPB, mecoprop, pyrazosulfuron‐ethyl and siduron, and two fungicides, oxine‐copper and thiram. The pesticides in filtered river water were extracted with styrene‐divinylbenzene copolymer and were eluted with acetonitrile. The pesticides on suspended solids were extracted ultrasonically with acetonitrile. Each eluate was concentrated and analyzed by HPLC with multiwavelength detector. Recoveries of the pesticides in the overall procedure of this method were 78–114% for filtered river water and 75–107% for suspended solids. The limits of detection in water and suspended solids ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 μg/L and 1 to 7 μg/g, respectively. Pesticide distribution between soluble phase and suspended phase in river water was measured by this method.     

固定化微生物对土壤中苯并芘的降解

研究了3株细菌与3株真菌对土壤中苯并芘（BaP）的降解动态,从中筛选出1株细菌（Bacillus sp.）和1株真菌（Mucor sp.）,并采用吸附法将混合菌固定在改性后蛭石上,研究了固定化混合菌对土壤中BaP的降解效果。结果表明：细菌中芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp.,SB02）降解率最高,42 d对B[a]P的降解率为33.0%,降解速率也最快,1周可降解12.6%的BaP;真菌中毛霉（Mucor sp.,SF06）降解率最高,42 d对B[a]P的降解率为69.7%;以改性后蛭石为载体用吸附法制得的固定化混合菌,传质性能好,对BaP的降解率42 d可达95.32%,高于游离菌20个百分点。     

Comparison of various sensitive and selective spectrophotometric assays of environmental cyanide

A simple approach was carried out to study the effects of various parameters on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) performance of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) analysis in samples from some reservoirs and rivers in Taiwan under simulation conditions. Nature of column and its packing affected the instrument sensitivity. Varied column length indicated the longer column enhanced (C18, 5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm) HPLC performance. Studies on mobile phase found that ratio and concentration of the mobile phase gradient greatly influenced the peak shape, retention time, and optimal conditions of mobile phase were set at acetonitrile and 0.01M ammonium acetate (30:70). Different compounds were added to mobile phase and their contribution to HPLC spectra was reported. Detection limits were carefully measured and reported. These investigations provide simple and important information that may be applied to HPLC performance for microcystin analysis from natural water systems.     

Effects of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on pyrene and benzo[α]pyrene: bioavailability and degradation in sotil

Effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) on the bioavailability and biodegradation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pyrene (PYR) and benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) in spiked soils was investigated in 14-week incubation experiments. To evaluate the effect of HPCD in soils with a different matrix, humic substance (HS) was added into soil samples. A 6-h Tenax TA extraction method was used to evaluate pollutants bioavailability. The biodegraded and extracted fractions were compared to evaluate the impact of HPCD on PAHs biodegradation. Results indicated positive effects of HPCD on fast desorption behaviours of PAHs. The biodegraded fraction was consistent with that of the extracted for PYR. However, in terms of BaP, the results were contrary which suggests that biological factors may be limiting factors for BaP pollution remediation. HS weakened the HPCD solubilisation effect while accelerated the decay of PYR and BaP, also implying that bioavailability was not the sole factor limiting PAH biodegradation. In addition, analysis of microbial communities demonstrated that HPCD inhibited the growth of some soil bacteria while HS promoted the evolution of some soil microorganisms. A limited population of hydrocarbon degrader populations led to observing incomplete PAH biodegradation even in the presence of HPCD.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定畜禽粪便中4种磺胺类药物残留

建立了高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定畜禽粪便中4种磺胺药物(磺胺甲基嘧啶(SM1)、磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)、磺胺邻二甲氧嘧啶(SDM’)、磺胺喹噁啉(SQ))的方法.样品用25 mL甲醇提取3次,合并提取液,浓缩干燥,用0.1 mol.L-1的HCL溶解残渣,经荧光胺衍生化后,用反相C18柱为分离柱,以乙腈∶0.5%乙酸=40∶60(V/V)为流动相进行洗脱,20 min内分离4种药物.在0.05—5.00μg.mL-1范围内,4种磺胺类药物的峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好(R2≥0.999),SM1、SCP、SDM’、SQ的定量限(LOQ)分别为2.3、6.3、4.3和9.6μg.kg-1;添加水平为50、100、1000μg.kg-1时,SM1、SCP、SDM’、SQ的回收率分别为74.91%—81.82%、78.45%—91.43%和86.10%—92.88%,RSD小于8.82%.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定青菜中环丙氨嗪和三聚氰胺残留

研究并建立了同时测定青菜中环丙氨嗪和三聚氰胺残留量的高效液相色谱紫外检测分析方法。冷冻干燥并均质后的青菜样品经V（氨水）：V（甲醇）=5：95的混合溶液超声辅助浸提、离心、旋转蒸发、固相萃取等浓缩净化处理后,用高效液相色谱定量。分离色谱柱为AgilentNH：柱,流动相为矿（乙腈）：V（水）=90：10的混合溶液,流速为1mL·min-1,检测波长为214nm。环丙氨嗪和三聚氰胺的标准曲线在0．05～10．0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积线性良好,相关系数不低于0．9995,在0．2～4．0mg.kg-1添加范围内,环丙氨嗪和三聚氰胺的平均回收率分别为81．26％～87．69％和78．24％～82．33％,相对标准偏差分别为2．75％～6．18％和3．99％～6．67％,方法的最低检测浓度分别为11．30和20．38μg·k-1。该方法操作简单且灵敏度高,适用于青菜样品中环丙氨嗪和三聚氰胺残留检测。     

Mikrobieller PAK-Abbau

The biodegradation of the five ring PAH benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is assumed to be limited by the low water solubility of this compound. A mixed culture of microorganisms — isolated from a PAH-contaminated soil — was able to degrade¹⁴C labelled BaP in mineral medium by cometabolism with phenanthrene, fluoranthene, anthracene and pyrene as sources of carbon and energy. The mineralisation of these compounds to low levels resulted in an inhibition of the degradation of BaP. After the new addition of the four PAH compounds to the culture medium the mineralisation of BaP started again. A non-ionic surfactant of the alkylpolyglycoside type (Plantacare 2000 UP) increased the concentration of BaP in the culture medium because of solubilization. At high Plantacare concentrations, the degradation of BaP was completely inhibited above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). The degradation of the three and four ring PAHs was also inhibited. If the surfactant was metabolised to concentrations below the cmc, an increase of mineralisation of BaP could occur up to 24% in 384 days.     

Evaluation of 3-hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after waterborne exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene

3-Hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene (3-OH-BaP), a toxic compound with the ability to covalently bind with the macromolecules (proteins and DNA), is one of the major phenolic metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of 3-OH-BaP in the bile and plasma of Nile tilapia by HPLC with fluorescence detection, after waterborne exposure to BaP (10 and 100?µg?L^?1). Metabolites were detected in bile and plasma, and conjugates of 3-OH-BaP (glucuronide and/or sulphate conjugates) were the majority forms in both biological fluids, glucuronide 3-OH-BaP being the main metabolite in bile. Our data suggest that extrahepatic tissues as intestine or gill are important in BaP metabolism and need to be the considered sources of metabolites released into the blood. Although, low levels of 3-OH-BaP in toxic form (free form) were detected in plasma, one cannot exclude the possibility of circulating the levels leading to adverse effects.     

苯并［a］芘对黑鲷肝脏GST活性的影响及其与肝脏代谢酶和胆汁代谢产物之间的变化关系

为探讨苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)暴露对鱼类的影响并筛选特异、敏感的生物标志物,研究了B[a]P对黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)肝脏谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性的影响,并分析了肝脏7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶(EROD)、GST活性与胆汁中B[a]P典型代谢产物3-羟基-苯并[a]芘(3-OHB[a]P)3者之间及与B[a]P之间的剂量、时间-效应关系.结果显示:在B[a]P(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0μg·L-1)暴露期间,肝脏GST活性随暴露时间总体呈"钟"形的变化趋势,在第2d时达到峰值;在第12h、1d和2d时,GST活性与B[a]P暴露浓度呈显著正相关(R12h=0.966(p<0.05)、R1d=0.953(p<0.05)、R2d=0.824(p<0.05)).与前期研究结果对比分析发现,B[a]P(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0μg·L-1)暴露7d时,胆汁中3-OHB[a]P浓度与B[a]P暴露浓度呈显著的剂量-效应关系(R=0.943,p<0.05);黑鲷肝脏GST、EROD活性与3-OHB[a]P的对数浓度均呈显著正相关(RGST=0.740(p<0.05)、REROD=0.839(p<0.05));2.0μg·L-1B[a]P暴露后,黑鲷肝脏EROD、GST活性与3-OHB[a]P随暴露时间的变化趋势基本相同,但并不完全一致.鱼类肝脏EROD、GST与胆汁中B[a]P代谢产物3者之间的变化关系较为复杂,暴露浓度和时间是影响其变化的重要因素,肝脏GST和EROD活性比胆汁中代谢产物更易受其影响,在B[a]P的环境监测中代谢产物可能是一种更为可行的生物标志物.     

微生物对水-沉积物中苯并[a]芘-镉复合污染修复的研究

从广东汕头贵屿镇的沉积物中分离得到1株对PAHs有较好降解能力且有较强重金属耐受性的菌株（简称B4）,菌种鉴定表明该菌为氧化节杆菌属。以土著微生物、处理方式、沉积物、修复时间等为不同的影响因子对该菌修复水体/沉积物中苯并[a]芘（BaP）-镉（Cd）复合污染进行了初步研究。结果表明：该菌同时具有降解BaP和吸附Cd的性能;土著微生物对BaP有一定的降解能力,并能显著促进B4降解BaP,当体系中BaP质量浓度为1.00 mg.L-1时,降解率达到了68.3%;Cd的吸附却因土著微生物的存在发生一定程度的解吸。振荡培养对BaP的降解效果略优于静止培养修复,而静止修复却更有利于Cd的去除。沉积物促进体系Cd的吸附,却减弱了菌种对BaP的降解。在静止培养修复中,BaP的降解主要发生在7 d以前,降解率保持在35%左右,此时Cd的去除效果亦较好。