UV/SPS降解水中三氯生的效能及动力学

采用短波紫外光激活过硫酸钠(UV/SPS)对水中三氯生(TCS)的去除进行了研究,考察了紫外光波长、紫外光强、过硫酸钠(SPS)投加量、pH值和腐殖酸(HA)等因素对TCS去除的影响,计算了自由基(·OH、SO_4~(·-))与TCS的二级反应速率常数及其对TCS去除的贡献值,鉴定了反应中主导自由基,对比了UV254/SPS和UV254/H_2O_2对天然水体中TCS的去除效果,GC/MS分析了TCS降解的中间产物及可能的降解路径.结果表明UV/SPS能有效去除TCS,紫外光波长为254nm,光强为11.5μW·cm-2,SPS浓度为1 mmol·L~(-1)时,100s后初始浓度为275μg·L~(-1)的TCS去除率可达98.15%,TCS降解过程符合拟一级反应动力学方程,其动力学常数K=0.039 2 s~(-1).实验范围内TCS去除的速率常数随紫外光强(I)和SPS投加量的增加而增大,波长对TCS去除影响不显著,中性条件不利于TCS降解,HA对TCS去除具有抑制作用.·OH和SO_4~(·-)与TCS反应速率常数分别为7.62×109L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1)、9.86×109L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1),UV254/SPS中主导自由基为SO_4~(·-),其对TCS去除贡献率为97.63%.UV254/SPS工艺更能有效地去除TCS,其拟一级动力学常数K值是UV254/H_2O_2工艺的4.13倍.TCS降解过程中主要生成了2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)、苯酚等中间产物.     

流动搅动法研究针铁矿对亚砷酸盐的吸附特征

采用流动搅动法,在溶液p H、浓度和温度影响条件下,研究针铁矿对亚砷酸盐吸附的特征.结果表明,在不同条件下,亚砷酸盐的吸附过程分为快反应和慢反应这2个阶段.随溶液p H的升高,砷的吸附量逐渐降低,表观吸附速率常数(k')逐渐增大,半反应时间(t1/2)也就越小,砷的吸附反应达到平衡时间就越短,且砷的扩散速率常数b值也逐渐降低.溶液p H 3.0和p H7.0时,砷最大吸附量分别为246.9 mg·kg~(-1)和99.8 mg·kg~(-1).随着砷浓度的升高,针铁矿对砷的吸附量增加,表观吸附速率常数(k')逐渐增大;砷浓度为0.10 mg·L~(-1)和1.00 mg·L~(-1)时,砷的最大吸附量分别为96.5 mg·kg~(-1)和249.1 mg·kg~(-1).Freundlich方程中吸附常数Kf值随着时间的延长逐渐降低,其吸附能力是逐渐减弱的.Langmuir方程分配因子RL在0~1之间,表现为针铁矿上砷的吸附为优惠吸附.随着温度的升高,针铁矿对砷的吸附量增加,表观吸附速率常数k'值也逐渐升高.温度为298K和313 K时,砷最大吸附量分别为241.1 mg·kg~(-1)和315.6 mg·kg~(-1).用抛物线扩散方程b值来计算扩散过程的伪热力学常数,砷吸附反应的活化能(E*a)为14.60 k J·mol~(-1).砷扩散活化焓变(ΔHθ)随着温度的升高有所降低,ΔHθ均为正值,扩散过程为吸热反应,升高温度有利于砷的吸附;活化自由能变(ΔGθ)随着温度的上升而升高,升高温度有利于加快扩散过程;ΔSθ值均为负,说明吸附反应使体系有序度增加.     

河流沉积物对典型PPCPs的吸附特性及其影响因素

采用批平衡实验方法,研究了黄浦江沉积物对环丙沙星(CIP)、四环素(TC)、磺胺甲唑(SMX)和三氯生(TCS)的吸附特性,探讨了吸附时间、初始浓度、溶液p H值和温度等因素对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,CIP、TC、SMX和TCS在沉积物中的吸附过程均呈现先快速后缓慢的变化趋势,等温吸附平衡时间约为4 h.溶液p H值对CIP、TC和TCS的吸附过程具有显著影响,但对SMX的吸附影响较小.目标PPCPs吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学方程,吸附常数为4.89×10-3~1.96×10-2kg·(min·mg)-1.吸附等温线能较好地符合Freundlich方程和线性方程,高温不利于CIP和TCS吸附,而利于TC和SMX吸附.沉积物对CIP、TC和TCS的吸附能力较强,但对SMX吸附效果较差,当初始浓度为10 mg·L-1时,沉积物对CIP、TC、SMX和TCS的平衡吸附量分别可达702.8、733.1、54.7和695.0 mg·kg-1.     

有机改性凹凸棒石对养猪废水中有机物的吸附研究

研究表征了十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性凹凸棒石的结构,探讨了改性凹凸棒石对猪粪废水中的有机污染物的吸附性能及机理,并考察了改性剂修饰比例、废水p H、吸附剂的投加量对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,两种改性剂成功结合到了凹凸棒石表面,有机改性凹凸棒石的晶体结构未发生改变,但对有机污染物的吸附能力显著高于原土.两性和阳离子改性凹凸棒石吸附有机污染物的最佳参数为:修饰比例为100%,吸附剂浓度为16 g·L~(-1),p H=4(阳离子改性为6),对猪粪废水中COD的去除率分别达到88%和92%,吸附量分别达到79 mg·g~(-1)和82 mg·g~(-1).吸附过程均符合二级动力学模型(R20.998),两性和阳离子改性凹凸棒石对有机物的吸附分别符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温式.有机改性凹凸棒石的疏水性增强,提高了对有机污染物的吸附能力,其沉降性能良好,这使其作为一种吸附剂用于实际养猪废水的处理成为可能.     

活性炭吸附石化二级出水有机物去除特性研究

采用活性炭对某石化二级出水进行吸附研究,考察了静态和动态试验下,活性炭对石化废水二级出水COD的去除效果,并讨论了吸附前后水中有机物的组分和相对分子质量的变化.结果表明:静态试验中,活性炭对石化废水二级出水的COD的饱和吸附量为1.1 mg·g-1,吸附速率为0.7 mg·min-1;通过动态试验得到了吸附的最佳条件,即HRT=1 h,水力负荷为0.76 m3·m-2·h-1,此时COD的去除率可达49.9%,出水COD低于50 mg·L-1.相对分子质量分级和树脂分级分析结果表明,活性炭对石化废水二级出水中相对分子质量小于5000的小分子有机物有较好的吸附效果,该组分被活性炭吸附的COD所占比例为59.72%,活性炭吸附作用对水中不同相对分子质量有机物分布影响不大;活性炭对石化废水中有机物组分的去除效果排序依次为:疏水碱性物质(HOB)疏水酸性物质(HOA)亲水中性物质(HIS)疏水中性物质(HON),对HOB和HOA的去除率可达到79%和61%,对HIS和HON的去除效果不佳.     

湿地土壤对硝基苯的吸附-解吸作用

应用平衡法研究硝基苯在湿地土壤中的吸附-解吸特性.结果表明,湿地土壤对硝基苯具有较强的吸附能力,其吸附行为可以用Linear和Freundlich型吸附等温式描述,不同类型湿地土壤对硝基苯的吸附和解吸能力有所不同.将吸附常数Kf与湿地土壤的理化性质进行相关性分析表明,土壤有机质含量与硝基苯吸附系数显著相关(r=0.888,P<0.01,n=7),其中泥炭沼泽土表层有机质含量最高,其吸附系数也最大(86.44 mg·kg-1).硝基苯在湿地土壤中的吸附自由能变化量为10.68～13.45 kJ·mol-1,表明其吸附以物理吸附为主.不同类型湿地土壤对硝基苯的解吸能力也有一定的差别,其中草甸白浆土的解吸率最大(41.87%),泥炭沼泽土表层解吸率最小(11.79%).     

溶解性有机质对罗红霉素光降解的影响研究

近年来,罗红霉素(ROX)因其用量大、检出频率高和生态风险大引起了广泛关注.本文主要研究了环境pH条件下不同的溶解性有机质(DOM),包括富里酸(PLFA)、腐殖酸(SRHA)和天然有机质(SRNOM)对罗红霉素光降解的影响及主要活性物种对其光降解的贡献.结果表明:纯水中罗红霉素可发生自敏化光降解,在pH 6～8条件下,罗红霉素光降解的一级反应速率常数为0.0033～0.0049 h~(-1).DOM促进了罗红霉素光降解,其促进效果从大到小为PLFASRNOMSRHA.DOM共存时罗红霉素光降解的反应速率常数随pH增加而增加,在pH 6时为0.0145～0.0266 h~(-1),在pH 8时为0.0273～0.0577 h~(-1).通过异丙醇淬灭实验发现,羟基自由基(·OH)对罗红霉素光降解起主要贡献,其贡献率在pH 6时为83.45%～98.70%,在pH 8时降低至76.76%～78.02%;3种DOM体系中产生的单态氧(~1O_2)的稳态浓度在(5.15～7.86)×10~(-14) mol·L~(-1)范围内;在pH 6、7和8的条件下,~1O_2与罗红霉素的二级反应速率常数分别为2.27×10~5、1.96×10~6和1.51×10~7 L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1).~1O_2对罗红霉素的光降解的贡献随pH升高而升高,在pH 6时为0.21%～0.43%,在pH 8时为4.85%～11.33%.     

改性蒙脱土固定化辣根过氧化物酶对2，4，6-三氯苯酚的催化去除及其影响因素研究

以黄腐酸改性的蒙脱土为模板固定辣根过氧化物酶(Horseradish peroxidase,HRP)研究其催化去除水中2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-trichlorophenol,2,4,6-TCP)的效果及其影响因素,并与自由酶催化反应做对比研究了不同催化时间、pH值、温度和固定化HRP浓度对催化反应的影响,以及对固定化HRP催化降解2,4,6-TCP进行了动力学分析,考察了固定化HRP的重复使用性和储存稳定性.结果表明:黄腐酸活化的蒙脱土固定的HRP具有很高的生物活性,固定后的HRP活性高达112 U·g-1;固定化HRP催化降解100μmol·L-12,4,6-TCP,20 min后对2,4,6-TCP的去除率已达到96%,催化降解速率高于自由酶;HRP经过黄腐酸改性的蒙脱土固定化后,催化降解2,4,6-TCP的最优pH值为6;固定化后的HRP其催化反应的适宜温度范围(10~50℃)比自由酶(30~50℃)更宽泛.改性蒙脱土载体固定HRP对2,4,6-TCP的去除作用主要是由固定化HRP的催化作用引起的,吸附去除率贡献仅达到0.77%,氧化去除率仅为2.81%.固定化HRP催化2,4,6-TCP的Linerweaver-Burk反应动力学参数中最大反应速率Vmax=7.14×10-4mol·L-1·min-1,米氏常数Km=1.56×10-3mol·L-1.在储存稳定性方面,固定化HRP的储存稳定性极高,50 d后依然可以保留80%的活性.     

小麦秸秆驱动菱铁矿热解制备磁性生物质碳及其吸附Cd2+活性

以小麦秸秆和菱铁矿为原料,在500℃下热处理改性,制备了一种C-Fe_3O_4复合材料.采用FTIR、XRD、SEM、BET、磁化率仪对C-Fe_3O_4复合材料(以下统称复合材料)进行表征.考察了接触时间、初始pH、初始Cd~(2+)浓度、离子强度对Cd~(2+)去除率的影响,结合吸附前后表征结果分析了复合材料对Cd~(2+)的吸附机制.结果表明:复合材料及单独煅烧制备的小麦秸秆炭的比表面积分别为23.38 m~2·g~(-1)和7.20 m~2·g~(-1),孔容积分别为1.04×10-1cm~3·g~(-1)和2.23×10-2cm~3·g~(-1),平均孔径分别为17.74 nm和12.38 nm;红外光谱显示复合材料和小麦秸秆炭表面富含羧基、羟基等具有金属离子吸附活性的官能团;磁化率测试结果显示复合材料的质量磁化率为42 900×10~(-8)m~3·kg~(-1).复合材料对Cd~(2+)的吸附动力学用准二级动力学模型拟合度最好;吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型;pH在3.0~6.0之间,吸附容量随pH增大而升高,pH在6.0~9.0之间,吸附容量趋于稳定;pH在4.0~9.0之间,解析量随pH增大而减少;离子强度从1 mmol·L~(-1)增至100 mmol·L~(-1),Cd~(2+)的吸附容量略有减少,解析率由0.51%提升至8.5%;说明复合材料主要通过表面络合作用及离子交换去除溶液中的Cd~(2+).此外,复合材料的磁化性能使其在固液分离方面比一般的吸附材料具有很大优势.     

纳米TiO2吸附HgCl2水溶液中Hg(Ⅱ)

通过室内模拟实验研究了3种不同粒径TiO_2添加量、溶液pH、吸附时间及初始Hg~(2+)浓度等因素对模拟废水中Hg(Ⅱ)吸附效果的影响.由单因素研究可知最优条件为:5 nm TiO_2和100 nm TiO_2添加量分别为7.5 g·L~(-1)和2.0 g·L~(-1),其它条件相同,溶液pH为8.0,初始Hg~(2+)浓度均为15 mg·L~(-1),吸附5 min,汞的去除率分别为99.5%和99.3%;25 nm TiO_2添加量为10 g·L~(-1),溶液pH为8.0,初始Hg~(2+)浓度为15 mg·L~(-1),吸附60 min时,汞的去除率为62.8%.3种粒径TiO_2吸附Hg(Ⅱ)强弱顺序为:100 nm TiO_25 nm TiO_225 nm TiO_2.分两次量吸附结果表明,5nm TiO_2分量吸附效果明显优于单独吸附效果;100 nm TiO_2的分量吸附与单独吸附差异不大.正交试验结果表明,影响Hg(Ⅱ)去除率的因素排序为:溶液pH初始Hg~(2+)浓度吸附时间TiO_2添加量.最优实验方案为:溶液pH=8.0,100 nm TiO_2添加量为2.0 g·L~(-1),初始Hg~(2+)浓度为25 mg·L~(-1),吸附10 min.在此实验条件下,Hg(Ⅱ)去除率为99.9%,吸附后溶液中Hg(Ⅱ)平衡浓度为0.033 mg·L~(-1)0.05mg·L~(-1),低于目前企业规定的水污染物中汞的排放限值,Hg(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量为26.95 mg·g~(-1).吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温方程,说明100 nm TiO_2对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附是典型的单分子层吸附.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.