黄孢原毛平革菌用于煤炭脱硫的特性

研究了表面活性剂Tween80、碳源浓度、初始pH值、孢子浓度和煤浆浓度对黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)煤炭脱硫的影响.结果表明,黄孢原毛平革菌具有较强的脱除煤炭中硫的能力.该菌株的最佳脱硫条件为0.5%Tween80,20g/L葡萄糖,10%煤浆,孢子浓度1×10⁵个/mL,pH4.5.在此最佳条件下,第3d的菌丝球生长均匀,生物量最大,第6d的煤样脱硫率达到78.11%.     

与黄孢原毛平革菌协同降解稻草的混合菌筛选

在纤维素筛选培养基中加入黄孢原毛平革菌稻草固态发酵的浸提液,用这种培养基从自然环境中筛选出与黄孢原毛平革菌相容的菌株,在PDA和MEA平板上进行相容性测试,选择出生长稳定,可以与黄孢原毛平革菌较好共存的6株真菌.考察了6株真菌分别与黄孢原毛平革菌混合培养降解稻草时的酶活和对木质纤维素类组分的降解,筛选出3组更优的组合,其混合培养时,对于纤维素酶能产生较好的协同效果,纤维素降解效果较好.对于木质素降解效率的显著提高,可能是由于发酵体系内的胞外酶和一些活性因子的作用.     

白腐菌对制浆黑液中硫酸盐木素的降解

研究了白腐菌对硫酸盐木素的降解作用和影响因素,结果发现,２种白腐菌对硫酸盐木素的降解能力不同,培养１０ｄ后,木云芝Ｌｕ－１１的降解率达到７４．５％,而黄孢原毛平革菌的降解率为６５．６％,分子量在１５００￣３０００ｋｄ之间的硫酸盐木素部分被降解最为明显,木云芝的降解产物只有一种主要组分,而黄孢原毛平革菌的降解产物有２种主要组分,培养条件如碳源,氮源、ｐＨ值和温度对白腐菌降解硫酸盐木素的作用有明显的影     

接种白腐菌堆肥修复五氯酚污染的土壤

采用4组堆肥装置A、B、C、D,分别往五氯酚污染土壤中不加外来菌、加入固定化黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)、加入游离黄孢原毛平革菌及暴露在空气中不做任何处理.对其进行对比研究,探讨了利用堆肥的方法对五氯酚污染土壤进行生物修复的可行性.结果说明,添加黄孢原毛平革菌进行堆肥修复其效果要好于不加菌的效果,经过60d的堆肥,PCP基本得到降解,降解率都达到了94%以上,其中固定化菌又优于游离菌,固定化菌在第9d对PCP的降解率就达到了50%.此外,通过分析种子发芽率,有机质,微生物量碳等多项指标可以看出各组堆肥的腐熟情况都比较理想,为黄孢原毛平革菌降解五氯酚的过程提供了良好的外部环境,使土壤修复与堆肥能较好地结合起来.     

黄孢原毛平革菌对6种染料的脱色降解

在黄孢原毛平革菌与6种染料的液体静培养体系中,不同浓度的染料均发生脱色降解。共培育30 d时,刚果红、直接冻黄G和活性翠蓝KN－G达到92%～99％的脱色率。10,50,100 mg/L活性翠蓝KN－G,50,100 mg/L金莲橙O与天青蓝A,100 mg/L活性艳蓝KN－R的降解率达70%以上;18个样品中60%的降解率超过50%。生物吸附和生物降解是2个重要过程。研究表明,黄孢原毛平革菌对各种染料类群具有广谱有效的脱色降解能力。      

聚丙烯酰胺生物降解研究

研究了黄孢原毛平革菌对聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的生物降解,从葡萄糖的加入量、pH、N浓度、Mn²⁺浓度和降解时间5个方面考察了对PAM降解的影响.结果表明,黄孢原毛平革菌对聚丙烯酰胺具有特殊的酶催化降解的能力,降解率可达50%,限氮条件(NH₄⁺=0.2g/L)和Mn2+浓度(Mn²⁺=0.017 5g/L)是菌株产聚丙烯酰胺降解酶的最佳条件.     

真菌对磺胺二甲氧嘧啶降解过程的转录组分析及差异表达基因的功能分析

采用黄孢原毛平革菌降解磺胺二甲氧嘧啶（SDM）,4 d后SDM的去除率达74%,降解速率达3.24 mg·L^-1·d^-1.采用Illumina高通量测序平台对降解SDM后的菌株与对照组菌株进行测序,通过GO和KEGG富集分析,得到的差异表达基因能显著富集到与降解相关的“氧化还原酶活性”途径,及与应激反应有关的“ABC转运体”路径.通过对高表达高上调的差异表达基因的筛选与分析,得到了耐受和降解SDM的功能基因.水通道蛋白、ABC转运蛋白及甲基转运酶基因等在黄孢原毛平革菌对环境的耐受中起到重要的作用.乙醇氧化酶、细胞色素P450和糖苷水解酶等在黄孢原毛平革菌对SDM的降解中起着关键的作用.本文从转录组水平分析了SDM的降解机制,为黄孢原毛平革菌在环境修复中的应用提供一定的参考.     

黄孢原毛平革菌反应体系中藜芦醇的动态变化

用紫外分光光度法测定黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)反应体系中藜芦醇(3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醇,VA)的动态变化,以吸收曲线波型的变化,分析VA的降解;根据培养液在特征最大吸收波长处吸光度的变化,计算VA量的动态变化.研究表明,在菌的反应体系中,细胞自身内源性VA的合成反应,导致总VA量短时间的增加;但外源VA发生逐步的降解,15d内已基本消失;菌的可作用底物染料的存在有助于内源性VA的合成.低浓度的苯甲醇(BA)对黄孢原毛平革菌的降解反应具有促进作用,BA完全可以代替VA的作用.     

黄孢原毛平革菌过氧化物酶及其对污染物的降解

黄孢原毛平革菌由于其所产胞外过氧化物酶系(主要由木素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶组成)的独特酶降解机理,能降解多种有机污染物,在环境工程中有着巨大的应用前景。通过产酶研究,极大地提高了过氧化物酶活力,并应用于工业化生产。     

黄孢原毛平革菌反复脱色模拟染料废水的试验研究

研究了白腐真菌黄孢原毛平革菌在35℃、150r／min条件下培养3d后，培养基类型、染料浓度以及反复脱色次数对其脱色的影响。玉米芯浸出液是首选的可替代营养源的物质，培养3d的黄孢原毛平革菌6h脱色率即达92％。黄孢原毛平革菌能够在短时间(6h)基本脱色较高浓度(40mg／L，60mg／L)的活性艳红K-2BP模拟染料废水，对于低浓度(10mg／L，20mg／L)脱色作用则比较缓慢，浓度超过150mg／L即显示出对菌的毒性作用。玉米芯浸出液培养3d的菌可以重复脱色模拟废水6次以上，每批脱色率均在82％以上，但菌球的沉降性能变差。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and extracellular enzyme secretion in agitated and stationary cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The extracellular enzyme secretion and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in agitated and shallow stationary liquid cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Veratryl alcohol and Tween80 were added to cultures as lignin peroxidase (LIP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) inducer, respectively. Shallow stationary cultures were suitable for the production of enzyme, whereas agitated cultures enhanced overall biodegradation by facilitating interphase mass transfer of PAHs into aqueous phases. The use of a LIP stimulator, veratryl alcohol, did not increase PAH degradation but significantly enhanced LiP activity. In contrast, Tween80 increased both MnP secretion and PAH degradation in shallow stationary cultures. On the other hand, high PAH degradation was observed in agitated cultures in the absence of detectable LIP and MnP activities. The results suggested that extracellular peroxidase activities are not directly related to the PAH degradation, and the increased solubility rather than enzyme activity may be more important in the promotion of PAH degradation.     

Effect of nitrogen concentration in culture mediums on growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Effect of different nitrogen concentration in the mediums on growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied when glucose concentration was l0 g/L. The results showed that the medium contained 0.8 g/L ammonium tartrate is the best. It not only supply abundant nutrients for the growth of Phanerochaete chrysospodum, which make mycelia the best grow compared with the other medium, but also produce higher manganese-dependent peroxidase(Mnp) and laccase(Lac) activity. In addition, it is observed that the variation of mycelia surface is related to ligninolytic enzyme secreted by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. When the surface of mycelium pellets appeared burs, it predicts secondary metabolism begin. This experimentation demonstrated that when the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in nitrogen limited medium is equal to 100:8, growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium is the best, it could achieve the maximum Mnp and Lac activity.     

木质素过氧化物酶降解四环素机理的研究

为探究过氧化物酶对四环素类抗生素的降解机理,以白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium表达的木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)粗酶为研究对象,研究其产酶条件及其降解四环素(TC)的机理。结果表明:低浓度Mn2+可促进产酶,碳源、氮源限制是产酶的重要条件;降解反应进行10min后,H2O2消耗至阈值0.045mmol/L,LiP对TC的降解停止,其降解率达到82%;TC降解反应趋于平衡时,补加TC和H2O2后,LiP依然可以高效发挥作用,其二次降解率达到65%;LiP作用于不同初始浓度(10mg/L、25mg/L、50mg/L、100mg/L)TC,显示LiP对不同浓度TC均可有效降解,TC降解率分别为62%、80%、82%和90%;降解产物的抑菌性试验反映出降解产物较TC母体的抑菌性明显降低;LC/MS捕获到6种可能的降解产物E-TC、TP 461、E-TP 461、TP 477、TP 475和TP 445,并推测出LiP降解TC可能的降解途径。     

真菌降解技术中载体固定和表面活性剂的作用

采用载体固定技术和加入表面活性剂的方法，以乙基橙和比布列希猩红为底物，建立黄孢原毛平霸菌－染料共培养体系。实验结果表明：聚乙烯泡沫小块和玻璃棉，可有效地固定菌体细胞，加速染料的脱色降解；在接种的同时加入０．１％～０．２％Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０，能有效地保护降解酶的性；培养方式、菌团大小、培养体系的生理特性等，和解体系的反应效率均有明显的影响。采用本方法能克服动培养系统对真菌反应体系的破坏，乙基橙和比布列希     

热带假丝酵母8953菌株对苯酚的降解特性研究

实验室分离的一株热带假丝酵母(编号为8953)具有较强的苯酚降解能力,并可以利用苯酚、间苯二酚、联苯胺等芳烃为唯一碳源和能源生长。该菌株在48h内可完全降解约14.88mmol/L苯酚,完全降解10.63mmol/L苯酚只需要24h,其降解苯酚浓度最高可达19.13mmol/L。在pH4～9,温度20℃～40℃范围内,苯酚浓度为10.0mmol/L条件下该菌株均保持100%的降解率。该菌株降解苯酚的最适pH范围为6.0～8.0,最适温度范围为28℃～30℃,最佳接种量为1%～3%,外源添加氮源能促进酵母生长和苯酚的降解。     

白腐菌锰过氧化物酶对2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚的降解

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一类在环境中普遍存在的全球性有机污染物,对这类污染物环境行为的研究虽然已有较多报道,但是微生物降解方面尤其是针对单一胞外酶降解的研究还比较少。文章以白腐菌模式菌种Phanerochaete chrysosporium为对象,研究其分泌的胞外酶锰过氧化物酶(MnP)对环境中最常检测到的2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE47)的好氧降解,考察不同β-环糊精浓度对该酶降解BDE47的影响,并初步探讨了胞内细胞色素P450的作用。结果表明,MnP能有效降解BDE47,在培养15 d后,扣除空白损失,降解率达到70%左右。低浓度和高浓度的环糊精对MnP降解BDE47无显著性影响。胞内细胞色素P450对BDE47的降解没有明显贡献。     

Effects of culture conditions on ligninolytic enzymes and protease production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in air

The production of ligninolytic enzymes and protease by Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated under different culture conditions. Different amounts of medium were employed in free and immobilized culture, together with two kinds of medium with different C/N ratios. Little lignin peroxidase （LIP） （〈 2 U/L） was detected in free culture with nitrogen-limited medium （C/N ratio： 56/2.2, in mmol/L）, while manganese peroxidase （MnP） maximum activity was 231 and 240 U/L in 50 and 100 ml medium culture, respectively. Immobilized culture with 50 ml nitrogen-limited medium gave the highest MnP and LiP production with the maximum values of 410 and 721 U/L separately on the day 5; however, flasks containing 100 ml nitrogen-limited medium only produced less MnP with a peak value of 290 U/L. Comparatively, carbon-limited medium （C/N ratio： 28/44, in mmol/L） was adopted in culture but produced little MnP and LiE Medium type had the greatest impact on protease production. Large amount of protease was produced due to glucose limitation. Culture type and medium volume influence protease activity corporately by affecting oxygen supply. The results implied shallow immobilized culture was a possible way to gain high production of ligninolytic enzymes.     

苯酚对厌氧氨氧化工艺耦合反硝化的启动及脱氮性能的影响

研究了ANAMMOX耦合异养反硝化反应器的启动过程,考察了苯酚浓度对耦合反应器脱氮性能的影响.接种2L(占反应器有效容积的20%)挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS)为6000mg/L的ANAMMOX颗粒污泥,在pH7.8、温度为25℃、HRT为1.5h的条件下经过86d的培养,ANAMMOX耦合异养反硝化启动成功.实验结果表明,在稳定运行阶段,NH4+-N、NO2--N和TN平均去除率分别为85.4%、86.1%和79.9%,TN平均容积负荷和TN平均去除负荷分别为2.63,2.10kg/(m3·d);ANAMMOX颗粒污泥外面包裹着苯酚反硝化菌;系统内异养反硝化与ANAMMOX存在协同和竞争关系.当苯酚浓度≥0.3mmol/L时,ANAMMOX菌的活性受到很大抑制,苯酚浓度的升高加剧了苯酚反硝化菌与ANAMMOX菌之间的竞争;从脱氮效果及系统稳定两方面综合考虑,当苯酚浓度为0.2mmol/L时,耦合效果最好,消耗的NH4+-N、NO2--N与生成的NO3--N之比为1:1.52:0.11.     

黄孢原毛平革菌在多种氨氮浓度下木质素降解酶的产生

在氨氮浓度0．0308-0．924g／L，下对黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)在空气环境中进行自由悬浮振荡培养，在氨氮浓度0．0308-0．308g／L下可检测到木质素过氧化物酶活性，最高酶活为42．8U/L；在氨氮浓度0．0308g／L和0．154g/L下可检测到漆酶活性，最高酶活为35．0U／L，在氨氮浓度不低于0．154g/L时，葡萄糖消耗速率大致相当，明显高于在氨氮浓度0．0308g／L下的葡萄糖消耗速率；氨氮在葡萄糖耗尽时达到最低值，然后开始增大；木质素过氧化物酶和漆酶的活性峰与葡萄糖和氨氮的最大消耗基本对应。实验结果对木质素降解酶发酵和白腐真菌在环境工程中的直接应用具有启发意义。     

MnFe2O4 nanoparticles as new catalyst for oxidative degradation of phenol by peroxydisulfate

Manganese ferrite nanopowder was prepared by thermal decomposition at 400°C of the gel synthesized from manganese and iron nitrates and polyvinyl alcohol. X-ray diffractometry evidenced that manganese ferrite was formed as single crystalline phase at this temperature. Scanning electron microscope images evidenced the formation of very fine spherical particles(d 11 nm) of manganese ferrite, with specific surface area of 147 m~2/g.The powder obtained at 400°C was used as a catalyst for the oxidative degradation of phenol in aqueous solutions, in the presence of potassium peroxydisulfate as oxidant. High phenol removal efficiencies above 90% were reached at: pH 3–3.5, phenol initial concentration around 50 mg/L, peroxydisulfate:phenol mass ratio 10:1, and catalyst dose 3 g/L. Total organic carbon measurements showed that the degradation of phenol goes, under these conditions, to mineralization in an extent of 60%.