刺猥肉的营养成分及其品质评价

本文对野生物刺猥的肉质营养成分及其品质进行了理化与感官检验。结果表明，刺猥肉的感官指标良，其品质与营养成分可与常用动物媲美，油脂与常用动植物油脂相比，脂肪酸不饱和程度明显高于动物油脂，与多种植物油相当。     

中华猕猴桃与软枣猕猴桃种间杂交亲本的筛选北大核心

为筛选中华猕猴桃(A.chinensis Planch.var.chinensis)与软枣猕猴桃(A.argute(Sieb.&Zucc)Planch.ex Miq.)种间杂交亲本,对两类猕猴桃进行染色体倍性测定、物候期调查和果实感官品质、主要营养成分、耐藏性评价。结果表明:①软枣猕猴桃均为四倍体,中华猕猴桃既有四倍体又有二倍体。②两类猕猴桃的萌芽期、展叶期、花期接近,但软枣猕猴桃果实成熟期和休眠期较中华猕猴桃早。③两类猕猴桃果实感官评价指标呈现差异,中华猕猴桃单果重和可溶性固形物含量均显著高于软枣猕猴桃。④受试材料中,HN-AA-03067的VC含量最高,‘魁绿’可溶性糖含量和糖酸比最高,‘金实1号’耐藏性最好。     

什么是真正的好环境?

十年前,我在位于京城北郊的中国环境科学研究院（简称环科院）做实验,很为那儿的＂纯天然＂环境着迷;工作区和生活区之间有一片很大的树林叫梨园,里面是真正的乔灌草结合,梨树下密密匝匝,无路可寻,颇有原始林的味道.喜欢那儿的还有动物,以至我在那里还交过几个动物朋友--刺猬、鼹鼠,甚至一条蛇.     

葡萄早熟技术

本发明采用物理方法 ,控制供葡萄生长的营养成分的循环 ,抑制营养成分向葡萄枝、株、根部的回流 ,从而增加供葡萄生长的有效营养成分 ,葡萄提前糖化 ,促使葡萄早熟。应用本技术使葡萄成熟期提前了 2 0ｄ～ 30ｄ ,且生产成本低 ,葡萄品质优良。 (ＣＮ 1 2 0 7865Ａ)葡萄早熟技术     

刺猬紫檀微波辅助提取挥发油成分研究

以正己烷—乙醇为提取剂在微波条件下提取刺猬紫檀挥发油,用GC-MS分析鉴定出挥发油的17种化学成分。结果表明,刺猬紫檀挥发油的主要成分是茴香偶姻,占72.22%;其次是2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)占5.88%,4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯乙酸占4.97%;另有其他少量的酰胺、酸、酮、醇、烃类化合物。     

《福建省废弃食用油脂管理办法》正式实施

为防止地沟油等废弃食用油脂流向餐桌,危害人体健康,污染环境,由福建省环保局、工商局、经贸委、卫生局、质监局共同制定的《福建省废弃食用油脂管理办法》于2004年7月15日实施。《办法》明确禁止未取得工商营业执照的单位和个人从事废弃食用油脂回收、贮运、加工、处理处置。禁止任何单位和个人将废弃食用油脂及其加工处理后的成品、半成品用于食用、食品加工或者饲料原料。废弃食用油脂包括油脂使用后不再使用的油脂、餐饮业废弃食用油脂、从泔水中提炼的油脂、抽油烟系统收集的油脂、含油脂废水经油水分离器或者隔油池分离后产生的油脂、…     

凝固型桔汁酸奶的研制

以乳粉为主原料,添加质量分数为30%的原桔汁,经乳酸菌发酵形成一种凝固型桔汁果味酸奶,该种类型酸奶的糖添加量减少了30%,奶粉添加量减少了10%,并未降低产品原有的品质.该酸奶不但具有良好的产品风味和外观,而且富含天然的营养成分,是一种保健功能很高的营养食品.     

青岛市餐厨废弃食用油脂管理工作成效

餐厨废弃食用油脂回流餐桌是食品安全的重要隐患之一,为加强餐厨废弃食用油脂管理,保障食品安全,实现餐厨废弃食用油脂资源化利用,青岛市通过政策法规制定、特许经营管理、监管制度创新、服务模式优化等措施,不断完善了餐厨废弃食用油脂的管理工作。     

油脂的氢化

食用油脂的氢化是为了提高油脂质量 ,为人造奶油、起酥油等油脂新品种提供硬化油原料。动植物油通过选择性氢化 ,可改善油脂的结构 ,使其中的不饱和脂肪酸部分得到饱和 ,从而使油脂的物理化学性质发生变化 ,制成食用硬化油。氢化后的油脂提高了硬度及熔点 ,使液体油固化 ,便于运输和加工 ;提高了抗氧化能力和热稳定性 ,便于保管和储存 ;另外 ,氢化后的油脂的色、香、味也大为改善。植物性油脂氢化的工艺流程为 :植物油→脱胶→碱炼→脱臭→选择性氢化→触媒分离→碱炼→脱色→脱臭→氢化硬化油。选择性氢化是在精炼好的植物油中加入适量的催…     

从色觉、科学仪器、测不准原理看非决定论

通过对色觉、科学仪器、测不准原理的分析,认为认识在感性阶段是客主体相互作用的结果.感官的生物学意义在于对客体的区别.这种区别是相对准确的,而不是与客体严格一一对应的.科学仪器是人感官的延伸.色觉与其它感官和科学仪器同是人类认识工具.测不准问题是与认识工具直接相关,与客主体相互影响密不可分的,它在宏观上和微观上同时存在,它不是非决定论的理论依据.     

油毡造纸污水治理技术探索

采用单一成分絮凝剂和多种成分絮凝剂按不同配比多种方法对污水进行处理。对所用药剂加以筛选,优化组合。结果表明用高分子絮凝剂成本低,沉降速度快。     

重量法测定含动、植物油和矿物油废水应注意的问题

废水监测中，用重量法测定污（废）水中的动、植物油和矿物油是常用方法之一。为了保证测试结果的准确性，减少误差，提高分析测试质量，作者以多年的实践经验结合塔里木油田采油厂生产污水和餐饮行业生活废水的测定，对测定两种不同含油类废水应注意的问题进行探讨。供同行在实际工作中参考。     

滤料级配过滤含聚污水数值模拟研究

以磁铁矿滤料与石英砂滤料为填设滤料层的级配模式一直广泛应用于油田含聚污水处理过程中,但这种滤料级配与污水过滤性能之间的影响关系及规律认识却较为缺乏,本文以悬浮粒子吸附与截留形成的聚集特征为切入,定量分析出水水质特性,对含聚污水过滤过程中滤料级配的影响效果展开数值模拟研究。研究认为：磁铁矿滤料层厚度较大的级配模式过滤具有更好的悬浮粒子吸附与截留效果,对更小粒径悬浮粒子过滤能力更优,但滤料填充高度比与过滤效果存在一定适配性;以1.28以上磁铁矿滤料厚度较大的级配模式过滤较低含聚浓度污水、以1.67以上磁铁矿滤料厚度较小的级配模式过滤较高含聚浓度污水,均可以使出水悬浮固体颗粒与油滴含量均低于5mg/L,满足过滤出水水质指标要求。     

Animals and soil sustainability

Domestic livestock animals and soils must be considered together as part of an agroecosystem which includes plants. Soil sustainability may be simply defined as the maintenance of soil productivity for future generations. There are both positive and negative aspects concerning the role of animals in soil sustainability. In a positive sense, agroecosystems which include ruminant animals often also include hay forage-or pasture-based crops in the humid regions. Such crops stabilize the soil by decreasing erosion, improving soil structure and usually require fewer chemical inputs. Monogastric animal culture is based on an agroecosystem consisting of mainly grain crops. These crops can result in the soil being exposed to water and wind erosion although soil conservation practices that significantly reduce soil losses may be followed. The management of animal manures is not always compatible with soil conservation practices. Careful management of the nutrients in manure is absolutely necessary to avoid nitrate contamination of ground water or phosphorus loading of streams and lakes. In a negative sense, increases in animal livestock populations in association with human population growth are promoting desertification in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The key component for a fully compatible and acceptable association between domestic animals and soil productivity is proper management. Careful management of the components of an animal-based agroecosystem is required if soil productivity and environmental quality are to be maintained. Although we have much to learn, technologies are available to move a considerable way towards this ideal state.     

Citizens’ Views on Farm Animal Welfare and Related Information Provision: Exploratory Insights from Flanders,Belgium

The results of two independent empirical studies with Flemish citizens were combined to address the problem of a short fall of information provision about higher welfare products. The research objectives were (1) to improve our understanding of how citizens conceptualize farm animal welfare, (2) to analyze the variety in the claimed personal relevance of animal welfare in the food purchasing decision process, and (3) to find out people’s needs in relation to product information about animal welfare and the extent to which the current information caters to these needs. The first study consisted of a survey conducted in three consecutive years (2000–2002, n = 521) and was complemented with more recent qualitative data from four focus group discussions (2006, n = 29). Citizens’ conceptualization of farm animal welfare matched reasonably well with those in the scientific literature, although it is clearly influenced by a lower level of practical experience and a higher weight of empathy. In general, respondents indicated that animal welfare was an important product attribute, although it was less important than primary product attributes such as quality, health, and safety. Moral issues, rather than a perception of higher quality, were the main influence on preferences for higher welfare products. At present, higher standards of animal welfare are mostly guaranteed within more general quality assurance schemes. Yet people’s decisions to not choose higher welfare products seems to be related to the perceptual disconnection between eating animal food products and the living producing animals. Respondents generally thought better information provision was required and the present level of provision was strongly criticized. In combination, the findings of both studies help inform the discussion about how citizens can be informed about animal welfare and the preferred content, source, and medium of such information. The paper also provides insights into citizens’ semantic interpretation of the concept of animal welfare (what wordings they use) and the range of relevance that animal welfare has for different groups that, in turn is useful in identifying which segments can be targeted. This can contribute to a more effective valorization of animal welfare as a product attribute.     

Management of biomass residues generated from palm oil mill: Vermicomposting a sustainable option

Solid waste management is one of the challenging problems worldwide and it is becoming more complex by the increase in population and subsequently the waste generated. In Malaysia, among industrial solid waste palm oil mill waste (POMW) contributes the highest share. Wastes from the oil palm mill includes palm oil mill effluent (POME), decanter cake, empty fruit bunches, seed shells and the fibre from mesocarp. Generally most of the waste generated is either disposed of via open dumping or used as fertilizers as such or as animal feed. Land application of POMW and POME is very common practice as it contains numbers of plant nutrients. Direct application of POMW into agricultural soil can result in a number of problems such as water pollution, leaching etc. To deal with these problems, vermicomposting of palm oil mill waste may be a sustainable waste management option.There are number of researches going on management of biomass residues from palm oil mill, but very few works are going on vermicomposting of these agro-industrial waste. Vermicomposting of POMW can be a good practice as it will also be helpful in recycling the useful plant nutrients and it is better than that of composting process. Present review deals with the various aspects of vermicomposting of POMW and its importance. Review also put forward the effect of potential application of vermicompost on plant growth. On the whole it looks for the possibility of vermicomposting of waste from palm oil mill as a sustainable waste management alternative.     

The Ethics and Politics of Animal Welfare in New Zealand: Broiler Chicken Production as a Case Study

The cause of poor welfare in broilers is multifactorial, but genotype is a major contributor. Modern broilers have been bred for rapid growth, and this leads to increases in lameness and ascites as the legs and hearts of the heavier birds find it difficult to cope with the extra demands placed on them. Visible lameness indicative of pain is more common in New Zealand than in Europe. The government, however, insists that New Zealand welfare standards are higher than Europe. The government also appears to have a strong antipathy to those demanding better welfare for broilers. Reasons for this antipathy and disparities between government statements and research results are discussed. Government publications reveal that animal welfare is seen as a question of image for market access and that there is little concern with animal welfare as an ethical imperative for its own sake. The Animal Welfare Act in theory makes it an offence to ill treat an animal, but in practice allows exemptions for industrial agriculture. The interests of animals may be better protected by an independent animal welfare advisory service.     

Field Deaths in Plant Agriculture

We know that animals are harmed in plant production. Unfortunately, though, we know very little about the scale of the problem. This matters for two reasons. First, we can’t decide how many resources to devote to the problem without a better sense of its scope. Second, this information shortage throws a wrench in arguments for veganism, since it’s always possible that a diet that contains animal products is complicit in fewer deaths than a diet that avoids them. In this paper, then, we have two aims: first, we want to collect and analyze all the available information about animal death associated with plant agriculture; second, we try to show just how difficult it’s to come up with a plausible estimate of how many animals are killed by plant agriculture, and not just because of a lack of empirical information. Additionally, we show that there are significant philosophical questions associated with interpreting the available data—questions such that different answers generate dramatically different estimates of the scope of the problem. Finally, we document current trends in plant agriculture that cause little or no collateral harm to animals, trends which suggest that field animal deaths are a historically contingent problem that in future may be reduced or eliminated altogether.     

Linkage Effects and Environmental Impacts from Oil Consumption Industries in Taiwan

Input–output modeling and cluster analysis are used to assess the impacts of oil consumption industries on environmental quality and inter-industry relationships in Taiwan. Results indicate that fuel oil has the greatest impact on the environment. The transportation sector has grown rapidly with high energy intensity and severe pollution emission in Taiwan. Also, power generation, other industrial chemicals, paper products, non-metallic mineral products, petro-chemical materials, rubber products, cement and textiles are identified as the most significant industries causing serious pollution problems in Taiwan. Results of inter-industry linkages confirm that investment of the above-mentioned industries should be adjusted to better energy efficiency, environmental quality and economic bases. This study indicates that energy policy should integrate environmental policy, in addition to assuring energy and economical gains.     

石油污染生物修复技术研究

本文概述了影响石油污染物生物降解修复处理的多种因素，对石油污染生物处理技术的发展进行了展望。其中主要影响因素包括：菌种的影响，菌种在不同的环境中和对不同碳链长度的碳氢化合物表现出不同的降解效率；石油物质本身物理化学特性的影响，如石油物质在水体或土壤中的浓度以及石油的粘度、沸点、折射率等特性；生存环境条件的影响，在接种入高效率的降解菌或利用土著微生物进行降解时，降解率受到生存环境中各种条件的影响，如表面活性剂、光照条件、吸附剂的利用、营养盐、共代谢底物、氧气、温度、盐度等。