南通市温室气体排放估算

以2009年南通市主要领域碳排放情况为基数,采用IPCC指南中的计算方法,选取IPCC 指南明确的领域中对南通市而言具有代表性的部分内容,对2009年南通市全市碳排放量进行估算。估算结果表明,能源活动(化石燃料燃烧)为南通市主要温室气体排放源,其比例占据了主导地位。在能源活动中,原煤燃烧排放的CO₂远高于其他化石燃料燃烧的排放量。因此,南通市可在产业结构和能源结构调整、提高能源利用效率及加强能源管理等方面进行努力,以减少南通市温室气体排放量。     

从1991年江淮流域特大洪涝灾害论协调人地关系减灾对策

本世纪70年前,全球因灾害每年经济损失400亿美元,其中40%是洪涝灾害损失.1988年我国发生洪涝灾害62次,居20多个常见灾种之首位,经济损失254亿元,占灾害总损失的54%.江淮流域是我国重要的农业基地和产业密集地区.特别是长江中下游地区,以约占全国1/7的土地,1/4的人口,提供了1/3以上的工农业产值.位于长江下游南翼的太湖流域,人口众多,城镇密集,士地面积仅占全国0.4%,人口占3%,而工农业产值竟占全国1/6.江淮丘陵和里下河地区又是我国重要的能源、钢铁和商品粮基地.因而防治江淮流域洪涝灾害,具有特别重大的经济效益和社会效益.     

包头市“十二五”能源现状及碳排放影响因素分析——基于灰色关联度分析法

基于能源消费规模、产业结构和能源结构,对"十二五"期间能源消费现状和包头市经济和环境之间的矛盾进行了分析。依据IPCC推荐的碳排放核算方法,对包头市"十二五"期间的碳排放量进行估算,并利用灰色关联度分析法对影响碳排放的各因素重要程度进行识别。结果表明,能源消费结构、产业结构和单位GDP能耗是包头市能源消费碳排放量的主要影响因素。由于经济结构及历史原因等的制约,包头市以煤炭为主的能源形式短期内较难改变。从优化能源结构、产业结构调整和提高能源利用率、协调经济与环境发展关系等角度探索包头市"十三五"节能减排目标的实现路径。     

二氧化碳地质储存动态监测研究

将化石燃料燃烧产生的CO2进行储存,是当前减缓温室效应的有效途径之一.为了保证储存的有效性、安全性和持久性,必须开展科学、严格的监测,从而为整个储存工程的成功提供重要技术支撑.详细阐述了当前CO2地质储存采用的各项动态监测技术与方法.     

对我国环境监测分析方法标准适用性评估的思考与建议

文章对我国环境监测分析方法标准与生态环境质量标准、生态环境风险管控标准和污染物排放标准等的适用配套发展历程进行了梳理,并对美国替代方法检验机制和欧盟环境监测分析方法等效性验证的管理和技术方法进行了研究,分析了我国开展环境监测分析方法标准适用性评估的需求和国外相关管理及技术体系的可参考借鉴内容.在此基础上,文章从明确我国...     

大力发展风电产业促进污染物减排

在能源供应日趋紧张、环境污染日益严重的形势下,风电以其资源丰富、环境效益良好和发电成本逐步降低的优势,受到社会各界的高度重视.大力发展风电产业是国家能源建设实施可持续发展战略的需要,是降低一次能源消耗、减少环境污染、推进技术进步的重要手段.风电资源的开发利用,对于当前调整能源结构,促进节能减排具有重要意义.     

微生物燃料电池型传感器在BOD检测中的应用进展

介绍了微生物燃料电池型BOD传感器的原理与构建方式，分析了影响响应时间、电池转化率、稳定性等性能的因素，指出微生物燃料电池型BOD传感器响应时间短，适用范围广，稳定性好，操作简单，能实现BOD实时在线检测，提出构建低成本、高性能的微生物燃料电池型BOD传感器与BOD在线检测装置是该领域研究的重要方向。     

新疆准东经济技术开发区二氧化碳排放现状与降碳对策研究

通过分析新疆准东经济技术开发区各行业的二氧化碳排放量及排放特征，研究新疆准东经济技术开发区碳达峰碳中和的实现路径。分析结果显示，准东经济技术开发区最主要的二氧化碳排放源是化石燃料燃烧，其对二氧化碳排放量的贡献比例在95.2%以上。能源活动二氧化碳排放量占总排放量的98.5%以上；工业生产过程排放的二氧化碳较少，占比在1.5%以下。新疆准东经济技术开发区主要二氧化碳排放行业是煤电、电解铝、煤化工、硅基新材料。在此基础上，结合各行业特点，提出发展园区循环经济、制定低碳行业标准和培育低碳产业等详细对策。     

发展液化石油气管道供应是消除城镇民用炉灶污染的可行途径

对我国城镇民用炉灶目前使用和发展的燃料污染状况及经济效益进行了对比分析，提出了发展液化石油管道供应的设想，并对其可行性进行了分析。     

北京市公交车尾气污染物检测结果浅析

根据北京市公交车的BASM检测结果,分析了汽油、LPG和CNG 燃料车尾气中CO、HC、NO的排放水平.为此建议大力推广清洁燃料代替汽油.机动车污染物浓度随使用年限增加而增加,应加速淘汰化油器公交车.应对在用公交车实施严格的I/M制度.     

Simulation of impact of oil spill in the ocean – a case study of Arabian Gulf

To meet the growing energy demand worldwide, oil and gas exploration and production activities have increased rapidly both in onshore and offshore areas. The produced oil from the ocean bed is transported onshore either by ship or pipeline. This has increased the risk of oil spill in the coastal area. In order to prepare an emergency preparedness plan and to assess the magnitude of risk involved in transporting and offloading oil, oil spill simulation studies play an important role. This paper describes a simulation of oil spill in coastal bay of Arabian Gulf where new developments are taking place using MIKE 21 model. The developments include a diesel based thermal power plant near Sir Baniyas Island, which is an ecological fragile area. Based on the project activity, two probable scenarios, one for diesel leak (250 m3/h) for 1 h and the other for instantaneous spill (500 m3) are considered. The MIKE 21 model was calibrated for hydrodynamics using measured field data followed by diesel-spill simulation to track its movement in the Arabian Gulf. The results for both leak and instantaneous spill indicate that spilled diesel will not move towards the Sir Banyas Island and more than 45% of the diesel will be evaporated within 48 h of oil spill. Based on the results, a clean up and contingency plan is proposed to mitigate the adverse impacts arising due to diesel spill in the study area.     

Desert disturbance assessments of regional oil exploitation by Aster and ETM+ images in Taklimakan Desert China

To feed its rapidly growing energy demand, oil exploitation in China has never been more intensive. The most obvious characteristics of oil exploitation are progressive and regional, which can be monitored by remote sensing, such as land use and cover change, either perpetual or temporary, during oil field development such as construction of oil well, roads, transportation systems and other facilities. In this paper, the oil field located on the north edge of Taklimakan Desert, in the Tarim River watershed in northwest of China. The disturbance effects of regional oil exploitation were the main content of regional environmental managements and monitoring. Based on Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Aster images, analyzed regional land use and landscape change from 2001 to 2003. By the comparison, it can be concluded that the ecological quality was deteriorating in these 3 years. The woodland was degrading to grass and dessert. The area of woodland dropped from 9.06 km(2) in 2001 to 3.24 km(2) in 2003 with a 64.23% decrease. At the same time, the area of shrubbery lessened 18.23%. On the other hand, the whole area of dessert and Saline soils inflated from 15.08 km(2) in 2001 to 25.36 km(2) in 2003. The patch number of bare land did climb dramatically, but single patch area increased. The research demonstrated that dessert and Saline soils patches were activated by the human behavior and climate change. The information from the ETM+ and Aster images was proved be an effective and efficient way to be applied in regional environmental managements.     

餐饮业油烟监测中需注意的问题

提出在加强对餐饮业环境管理的同时,务必注意油烟监测中的技术问题。指出油烟测试中,不锈钢滤筒优于刚玉滤筒;应用红外分光法测定油烟含量,不受油品成分限制,结果较准确、可比。由于厨房的实际工作灶头数不同,每个灶头发热功率的不同和每个灶头产生油烟量的不同,必须把实际工作灶头数换算为折算工作灶头数,才具有一致性和可比性。折算工作灶头数n=(工作灶头数/实际灶头数)×(排风罩面积/1.1)。     

Air Emissions Assessment from Offshore Oil Activities in Sonda de Campeche, Mexico

Air emission data from offshore oil platforms, gas and oil processing installations and contribution of marine activities at the Sonda de Campeche, located at the Gulf of Mexico, were compiled and integrated to facilitate the study of long range transport of pollutants into the region. From this important region, roughly 76% of the total Mexican oil and gas production is obtained. It was estimated that the total air emissions of all contaminants are approximately 821,000 tons per year. Hydrocarbons are the largest pollutant emissions with 277,590 tons per year, generated during flaring activities, and SOx in second place with 185,907 tons per year. Marine and aviation activities contribute with less than 2% of total emissions. Mass of pollutants emitted per barrel of petroleum produced calculated in this work, are in the range reported by similar oil companies.     

Presenting a conceptual pattern of HSE performance of oil trucks

Accidents are among the main problems in the oil product supply chain. The most important effective factors in these events are the kind of trucks used and their health, safety, and environment (HSE) condition. The aim of this study was to present a conceptual pattern of the HSE performance of oil trucks in oil industries. In this study, 20 truck models (with fixed tanks), in use over different periods of time, were investigated. In this regard, the criteria and sub-criteria were first determined in two parts—carrier and tank—and weighted by fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). The results showed that the most important sub-criteria regarding the HSE factors of the carrier were resistance and strength of the front and rear shields, the brake system, and the ventilation system. The most important sub-criteria regarding the HSE factors of the tank were tank shell thickness and a good tank design shape with respect to portable material. It should be noted that the weight of the criteria with each other and sub-criteria with each other are not equal. This issue is important for decision-making. The main reason for the use of trucks with the lowest score in developing countries is the lack of attention by managers to safety issues and international standards and agreements such as the ADR.     

The technological innovation of hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles for environment carbon pollution control

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) have been promoted by providing Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) infrastructure as a possible solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) and other emissions by utilizing energy instead of oil for effective environmental management. The promising solution for reducing air pollution in cities is commonly regarded as electric vehicles, which helps to optimize the environment management more effectively, as a key to future low carbon mobility. However, their environmental benefits rely on the temporal and spatial sense of real use, and challenges such as limited range complicated for the rollout of an Electric Vehicle (EVs). This paper investigates the environmental carbon pollution in cities and control preventions using Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV). Further, the Artificial intelligence model has been introduced, which defines optimal automobile designs and the assignment of vehicles to drivers across a variety of scenarios, including minimum net life cycle expense, GHG emissions, and oil usage for effective environmental management. By designing overspent vehicle power for corresponding output, weight, and cost impact, the life cycle costs and the emission of GHG are reduced utilizing high battery swinging and replacing batteries as needed. Moreover, energy consumption (EC) and pollution have been greatly influenced by the use of energy sources in the environment. The significant energy consumption and pollution variables resulted in a large proportion of coal-fired energy. The results show that the PHEV can achieve better fuel economy by combining the proposed model with an allowable deviation from the state of the charge.     

红外光度法测定水中石油类的质量保证和质量控制探讨

质量控制是保证监测数据质量的重要环节,根据红外光度法测定石油类的原理,对影响数据的关键因素(如仪器校正系数、试剂、空白试验、方法检出限以及准确度的核查等)进行了讨论,对规范石油类的质量保证和质量控制有着实际意义。     

塔河油田开发建设对环境的影响及环境保护对策

塔河油田拥有丰富的油气资源,是新疆主要的石油能源基地,创造了巨大的经济效益和社会效益,但是该区域自然环境恶劣,生态脆弱,油田开发对当地环境的影响不容忽视。正确认识油田开发产生的污染物来源、类型及对环境造成的影响,采取积极有效的环境污染防治措施,是实现资源利用与环境保护和谐发展的主要问题。本文对此进行了较详细的论述。     

“十一五”新疆火电行业二氧化硫减排潜力分析

污染减排是落实科学发展观、促进经济又好又快发展的重要举措，但随着今后新疆经济的强力复苏以及新一轮战略的转型，大型煤电、煤化工、石油化工等工业基地的建成，新疆二氧化硫新增排放量势必会显著增加，尤其是火力发电行业二氧化硫排放增长更为迅猛，对新疆总量控制来讲，面临的形势也就更为严峻。本文就新疆火力发电行业二氧化硫排放的现状，结合今后火力发电的增长趋势，对火力发电行业二氧化硫的减排潜力进行分析。     

开展清洁发展机制（CDM）项目促进新疆污染减排

新疆水能、风能、光能资源丰富，合理开发利用资源，大力开发新能源、可再生能源和节能、提高能效是新疆实施可持续发展的需要。开发清洁发展机制（CDM）项目有着巨大潜力，对降低一次能源消耗，减少环境污染，促进节能减排具有重要意义。本文对此进行了论述。