地表水中低浓度COD测定仪

重铬酸钾容量滴定法是测定COD的标准方法,该方法明确指出用“0 25mol/L重铬酸钾溶液测定水样>50mg/LCOD值;用0 025mol/L重铬酸钾溶液测定5mg/L～50mg/LCOD值,但准确度较差”,其准确度差的原因是用肉眼很难判断其滴定终点。在GB38382002《地表水环境质量标准》中,规定从Ⅰ类地表水到Ⅴ类地表水COD的标准限值为15mg/L～40mg/L;因此,如何测准水样低浓度COD,就成了一个必须解决的问题。提高容量法的终点分辨率,常用电位滴定法代替目视终点。电位滴定法要将电极系统浸入试液从而要不断清洗电极;所用参比电极,若不作特殊处理,会慢慢…     

工业废水中氯离子的直接测定

废水中氯离子的测定,一般均采用铬酸钾指示剂滴定法。该法对比较清洁的高含量氯样液较为适宜,但对含有机物或色度大、难以辨认终点的废水样液就需要进行操作繁琐的灰化处理。我们通过试验应用银离子选择电极作为指示电极,甘汞电极为参比电极进行电位滴定,测定氯离子的含量,取得了比较满意的结果。     

离子选择电极测定氟常见的问题

氟离子选择电极测定任何样品中的氟,从绘制标准曲线至整批样品测定,清洗电极的电位必须前后一致,否则将产生较大的误差,对测量仪器的要求一般电极电位要精确到０．１ｍＶ至少达到１ｍＶ。     

水中痕量苦味酸PVC膜离子选择性电极的研究

本文用苦味酸溴代十六烷基吡啶离子对作为电活性物质，以邻苯二甲酸二辛酯为增塑剂，研制成以ＰＶＣ为基质膜的苦味酸离子选择电极。苦味酸离子浓度在４０×１０－６～１０×１０－１Ｍ范围内，电极电位服从于Ｎｅｒｎｓｔ方程，线性响应级差为－５８０ｍＶ／Ｐ苦味酸，在ｐＨ＝３０～１０５时电极不受ｐＨ影响，苦味酸离子浓度≥４０×１０－６Ｍ时电极电位的标准偏差小于０９９ｍＶ。测定了电极对硝酸根等干扰离子的选择性系数，仅２，６二硝基酚、２，４二硝基酚和钼酸根的选择性系数大于１０×１０－２。     

电极法测定水中氟化物的几点体会

1由于温度对电极法的影响 ,测定样品时必须同时测定工作曲线 ,才能保证样品测定值的准确可靠。 2待测液的浓度愈低 ,电极响应时间愈长 ,有时达 1 0分钟以上才能读数。一般情况 ,从电极接触待测液时间起 5分钟左右 ,电极电位变化范围小于 0 .5 mv,就可记录电极电位。3为消除电极的“记忆性”每测一个样品前应洗电极到空白液电极电位以下 ,当样品浓度差别大时应备用两支氟电极 ,分别测定。电极法测定水中氟化物的几点体会@焦晓娟$河北省环境监测中心站!河北石家庄050051     

离子选择电极法测定水中氟化物的注意事项

离子选择电极法测定水中氟化物应注意的事项。1　空白电位值电极在使用前必须在 1 0 - 3 ｍｏｌ/ＬＮａＦ溶液中浸泡 1ｈ～ 2ｈ进行活化 ,再用去离子水反复清洗 ,直至空白电位值达 +2 70ｍＶ左右。氟电极使用一段时间后就很难达到 +2 70ｍＶ空白电位值 ,这是由于电极头部敏感部分受到油类污染所致 ,采用酒精浸泡再用现制的去离子水洗涤处理 ,可使空白电位值恢复到 +2 70ｍＶ左右。这里还要注意清洗电极和绘制校准曲线以及样品测量时应使用同一种水质的去离子水 ,以避免因水质不同所引起的测量误差。2　温度温度对测量结果的影响很大 ,当温度…     

测定生活污水中硫化物的方法探讨

文章论述了测定生活污水中硫化物的几种方法，结果表明，对水样进行碱性乙酸锌－过滤预处理后，再用硫离子选择电极电位滴定法测定，具有测定范围广，抗干扰能力强和准确性高等优点。     

阳极溶出伏安法银基汞膜电极的涂汞及清除

阳极溶出伏安法银基汞膜电极的涂汞及清除顾培建俞美香（江苏省如东县环境监测站如东２２６４００）阳极溶出伏安法是极谱分析的一种方法。它常用悬汞电极和银基汞膜电极为工作电极。悬汞电极的优点是使用的电位范围宽,测定结果的重现性好,缺点是汞滴不够稳固,遇到较强...     

阳极溶出伏安法测定空气中的锰

使用普通的AD-2型极谱仪,以玻璃电极为工作电极,Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,铂丝电极为辅助电极。选择0.05mol/l的Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O(含2×10~(-4)mol/L Hg~(2+))为底液,富集电位为-1.8V,溶出电位为-1.3V的实验条件,在-1.6V处得到灵敏的锰溶出峰。方法的线性范围0～100ppb,测定限为4ppb。与高碘酸钾比色法,原子吸收法测定结果无显著性差异,且具有灵敏,准确,重现性好,样品处理容易,分析快速,设备简单等优点。     

环境大气中气态酸污染指数的测定

环境大气中气态酸污染指数的测定丘星初，卢同权（江西赣州地区环境科学研究所，３４１０００）朱盈权（成都市８２信箱）丘山（赣州钻冶炼厂）国际标准ＩＳＯ／ＤＵＳ４２２０．２规定用滴定法测定环境大气中气态酸污染指数，选用有色指示剂或电位滴定来指示终点［１］。...     

The monitoring results of electromagnetic radiation of 110-kV high-voltage lines in one urban location in Chongqing P.R. China

To understand electromagnetic radiation field strength and its influencing factors of certain 110-kV high-voltage lines in one urban area of Chongqing by measuring 110-kV high-voltage line’s electromagnetic radiation level. According to the methodology as determined by the National Hygienic Standards, we selected certain adjacent residential buildings, high-voltage lines along a specific street and selected different distances around its vertical projection point as monitoring points. The levels of electromagnetic radiations were measured respectively. In this investigation within the frequency of 5–1,000 Hz both the electric field strength and magnetic field strength of each monitoring sites were lower than the public exposure standards as determined by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. However, the electrical field strength on the roof adjacent to the high-voltage lines was significantly higher than that as measured on the other floors in the same buildings (p < 0.05). The electromagnetic radiation measurements of different monitoring points, under the same high-voltage lines, showed the location which is nearer the high-voltage line maintain a consistently higher level of radiation than the more distant locations (p < 0.05). Electromagnetic radiation generated by high-voltage lines decreases proportionally to the distance from the lines. The buildings can to some extent shield (or absorb) the electric fields generated by high-voltage lines nearby. The electromagnetic radiation intensity near high-voltage lines may be mitigated or intensified by the manner in which the high-voltage lines are set up, and it merits attention for the potential impact on human health.     

A Passive Sampler for Monitoring Urban Particulate: Preliminary Results

A passive sampling device, developed for personal monitoring of airborne dust levels in industry, has been tested as a site sampler in the urban environment. The device weighs approximately 15g and the essential sampling element is a small disc of electret material (polymer carrying a permanent electric charge). During use it captures particles by electrical attraction, at a rate that depends upon their electrical mobility, but which is independent of the rate at which air flows past the sampler. It collects measurable quantities of particulate, though the sample size tends to be small and correlation with results from conventional samples has not yet been established. Samplers have been exposed to urban particulate for periods of up to seven days, without the electret suffering unacceptable loss of electric charge. It has been shown to be potentially useful for long-term monitoring, a situation in which dispensing with a power source is particularly useful. Being small, the passive sampler is easy to hide or camouflage. It has potential for multiple simultaneous site sampling and for monitoring personal environmental exposure.     

土壤环境监测基础点位布设思路与方法

为适应新形势下土壤环境保护工作重点任务和要求,"十三五"期间,中国亟需构建布局合理、功能完备的土壤环境监测网,确定国控监测点位,以说清全国土壤环境质量整体状况、潜在风险状况及变化趋势。通过梳理欧美等发达国家和地区的做法和经验,针对国内土壤环境的实际情况,开展布点尺度和点位优化方法研究,提出了国家尺度上适宜布点尺度,建立了统一的历史点位优化筛选规则,在此基础上,形成了点位的布设思路、原则和方法,并给出了阶段性的布设结果,最后提出了后续进一步完善的方向。     

Environmental impact of coal washery and Damodar River water on the morphometry and biochemical changes of maize (Zea mays L.) and soil health

Enormous quantity of water is used for coal beneficiation and accordingly huge amount of effluents are being generated. In this study an attempt was made to evaluate the potential of this effluent water for irrigation. Water samples were collected from three different points (a) feeding point, (b) thickening point, and (c) outlet point of coal washery, and from Damodar River for monitoring the water quality. The samples were analyzed for various parameters and compared with prescribed standard, which revealed that the total suspended solids of thickening point and Damodar River were higher. A pot experiment with maize was conducted to study the suitability of this coal washery water for irrigation. Pots were irrigated with water from the three points of washery and Damodar River in two concentrations (100% and 50% dilution with distilled water); pure distilled water was used for control. There was 100% germination in all the treatments. The plant growth, chlorophyll content and soil quality parameters were significantly better in washery and Damodar River water treated pots. The Damodar River water and washery water from feeding and outlet point could be successfully used for irrigation. In general mixing with good quality water has shown better results.     

九洲江沉积物多环芳烃和抗生素的分布特征与风险评价

利用液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)以及超高压液相色谱法(HPLC),于2018年1月对九洲江沉积物样品中31种抗生素和16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征进行研究并评价其生态风险。结果表明,九洲江沉积物检出20种抗生素,其中四环素类(TCs)抗生素质量分数最高,或因其在养殖业用量最大且易被沉积物吸附;滩面镇（S3点位）抗生素的总质量分数（52 ng/g）最高,与附近的滩面镇生猪养殖业发达,也与S3点位正好位于污水处理厂排口下游不远处有关;沉积物中共检出15种PAHs,温泉镇（S1点位）沉积物中PAHs的质量分数最高。沉积物中,4环PAHs占比最高,说明九洲江流域PAHs主要来源于煤和木柴的燃烧。生态风险评价结果表明,TCs抗生素处于高风险水平,且高风险点集中出现在滩面镇河段（S3点位）,需要采取措施减少TCs抗生素的使用;所有点位的PAHs的生态风险均为低风险,但有部分无安全剂量的PAHs组分被检出,对九洲江生态环境存在潜在威胁。     

Survey on fluoride, bromide and chloride contents in public drinking water supplies in Sicily (Italy)

Six hundred and sixty-seven water samples were collected from public drinking water supplies in Sicily and analysed for electric conductivity and for their Cl(-), Br(-) and F(-) contents. The samples were, as far as possible, collected evenly over the entire territory with an average sampling density of about one sample for every 7,600 inhabitants. The contents of Cl(-) and Br(-), ranging between 5.53 and 1,302 mg/l and between <0.025 and 4.76 mg/l respectively, correlated well with the electric conductivity, a parameter used as a proxy for water salinity. The highest values were found both along the NW and SE coasts, which we attributed to seawater contamination, and in the central part of Sicily, which we attributed to evaporitic rock dissolution. The fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.023 to 3.28 mg/l, while the highest values (only three exceeding the maximum admissible concentration of 1.5 mg/l) generally correlated either with the presence in the area of crystalline (volcanic or metamorphic) or evaporitic rocks or with contamination from hydrothermal activity. Apart from these limited cases of exceeding F(-) levels, the waters of public drinking water supplies in Sicily can be considered safe for human consumption for the analysed parameters. Some limited concern could arise from the intake of bromide-rich waters (about 3% exceeding 1 mg/l) because of the potential formation of dangerous disinfection by-products.     

不同布置方式220 kV变电所对周围环境的电磁辐射分布

通过对不同布置方式220 kV电压等级变电所在运行中对周围环境产生的工频电场、磁感应强度和无线电干扰的监测分析,了解了不同布置方式220 kV电压等级变电所对周围环境电磁辐射的分布规律.指出在建设220 kV电压等级变电所的同时,只要做好建筑屏蔽和电缆入地等工作,就可以降低对周围环境的电磁辐射影响.     

Multi-objective optimization of air quality monitoring

A new method for multi-objective optimization of air quality monitoring systems based on satellite remote sensing of the troposphere is described in this work. The technique uses atmospheric turbidity as surrogate for air pollution loading. Through inverse chemical modeling and ancillary information the respective patterns of primary gaseous and particle pollutants are inferred. The optimization algorithm uses the resulting maps of ambient air pollution as input. It focuses on the gain of information with regard to human exposure to high pollution, potential impact on cultural heritage, compliance to ambient air quality standards, monitoring key point and area source emissions, as well as on the associated cost. Application of the method in Brescia, Italy showed its significant potential for improving the cost-effectiveness of air quality monitoring networks at the urban and regional scales.     

2 20 kV高压输电线电磁辐射水平及防护距离预测

依据<500 kV超高压送变电工程电磁辐射环境影响评价技术规范>(HJ/T 24-1998)中的预测模式对监测点周围地面1.5 m处工频电场进行了验证性监测,表明实际测定结果与理论计算结果基本吻合.通过对220 kV双回同相、双回逆相和单回线路下地面1.5 m、4.5 m、和7.5 m处工频电场变化趋势分析,预测了220 kV高压输电线产生的电磁辐射水平,以及不同房屋结构的防护距离.提出了220 kV高压输电线电磁辐射的防护措施.     

Inputs of chemicals from recreational activities into the Norwegian coastal zone

Wastewater treatment works effluent is often considered to be one of the most important point sources of a wide range of anthropogenic contaminants to aquatic systems, however, this paper discusses other potential sources. With the aim of establishing the important sources of UV filters, insect repellent and biocides to the aquatic environment, samples were collected from sites with direct (bathing areas and marinas) and indirect (sites receiving wastewater effluent) human influences. Sunscreens containing UV filters are used in large volumes during the summer months and often applied shortly before a person enters the water for swimming activities. The results presented here demonstrate that washing directly from the skin is an important point source of 4 UV filters to the Oslofjord. The insect repellent, diethyl toluamide, was also measured and it was concluded that washing from the skin was not such an important point source into the fjord. Concentrations of the biocide Irgarol 1051 were also measured and were elevated in the small boat marina and surrounding enclosed area. This work demonstrates that man recreational water-based activities are a diffuse source of some contaminants into coastal and fjord environments and this study provides an initial assessment of the levels being released.