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代表性水质评价方法的比较研究 总被引:18,自引:10,他引:8
从太湖流域国控断面常规监测数据出发,利用代表性水质评价方法对各断面进行评价,系统分析比较这些方法的优缺点。结果显示:①单因子指数法评价结果比较保守;②内梅罗指数法将"1"作为清洁与污染的分界点,指数偏小;③灰色关联分析法水质指标权重系数的确定较模糊综合评判法合理,结果也更接近于综合水质标志指数法;④综合水质标志指数法评价结果与其它评价方法结果重合度最高,且模糊评判法、灰色关联分析法和BP-ANN法的评价结果均向综合水质标志指数法逼近。综合水质标志指数法以单因子指数法为基础,对劣Ⅴ类水进行细化,将恶臭对水质的不利影响考虑其中,其指数组成合理,且易于操作施行。 相似文献
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基于多元统计分析的石头口门水库汇水流域水质综合评价 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
根据石头口门水库汇水流域的4个监测断面2001~2007年的水质监测数据,应用多元统计分析方法(聚类分析与因子分析)确定主要污染因子并计算权重,从而对流域的水质进行综合评价。结果表明,通过因子分析,提取了3个公因子,第一主因子主要包括溶解氧、氨氮、总氮、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、生化需氧量;第二主因子的主要代表指标是总磷;氟化物、总大肠菌群数对第三主因子贡献明显。由综合评价结果得出,石头口门水库总体属Ⅲ类水质,主要污染因子为总磷;饮马河(烟筒山断面)和岔路河(星星哨水库断面)水质属Ⅲ类,主要受第一主因子影响;双阳河(新安断面)水质属Ⅴ类。流域水质主要受到了农业非点源污染和生活污染的影响。 相似文献
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根据2012—2016年烟台港港池水质监测结果,运用单因子指数法、Cox-Stuart检验方法及Pearson相关分析探讨港池水质污染程度、水质变化趋势及各监测项目间的相关关系。结果表明:港池海域水质总体良好,各监测项目的单因子污染指数呈现逐年下降趋势,且下降趋势均有统计学意义(P=0.05),COD与DO、活性磷酸盐、Cu呈显著正相关。5年中pH值、COD、DO、石油类、重金属(Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb)未见超标现象,活性磷酸盐和无机氮存在不同程度的超标,为该海域主要污染因子,有引发海域赤潮的潜在生态风险。 相似文献
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2017年分3个时期(丰水期、平水期、枯水期)采集妫水河及其支流12个断面表层水样,分析了COD、氨氮、TP、DO、pH值等水质指标,采用单因子评价法、水污染指数法、主成分分析法和模糊综合评价法对水质进行评价,根据4种水质评价方法的评价结果,分析4种方法在小流域河流评价中的适用性。结果表明:目前妫水河12个断面中S2、S10和Z2 3个断面水质较差,基本属于地表Ⅴ类水,污染程度为重度污染;其他9个断面水质等级为地表Ⅳ类水,污染程度为中度污染;中段世园会段水质较好,优于上段和下段,主要污染指标为COD;妫水河主要污染源于农业和生活,枯水期水质优于平水期和丰水期。水污染指数法更适合小流域水体水质的定性定量评价,且计算方便简单。 相似文献
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运用SPSS统计分析软件全面分析2006-2010年上海市金山区26个地表水监测断面上的水质变化趋势过程,发现大部分断面超标污染物之间存在着高度相关性,且水质越差的监测断面上超标污染物指标间有显著意义相关性项目越多.在此基础上,根据研究样本基本满足因子分析要求的特点,进一步运用SPSS软件进行深入分析,并根据因子综合得分,对地表水域进行聚类,揭示出上海市金山区地表水超标污染物构成特征与水域分类.分类结果符合区域内河流污染分布实际,可作为环境管理部门实施水环境综合整治与水质规划管理的重要参考. 相似文献
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Ciardullo S Taviani G Mattei R Caroli S 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(12):1332-1334
As a part the Italian National Programme of Research in Antarctica (PNRA) a monitoring study has been undertaken to quantify the concentrations of some selected trace elements in human hair of participants in the Antarctic expeditions. Such concentrations may vary as a consequence of the extreme environmental conditions and changes in lifestyle experienced by participants in the expeditions, as some evidence in previous investigations seems to suggest. The present study regards samples collected on the occasion of the 2002-2003 expedition to the Italian Base of Terra Nova Bay (now Mario Zucchelli Base), i.e., just before the expedition and about one month later. Seven essential elements were taken into account, namely, Ca, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn and Mo. Determinations were performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS). Data obtained were statistically treated by using the non-parametric Friedman test. The concentrations of Ca, Cu and Mg were found to decrease (P < 0.05). The stress caused by the severe environmental conditions might well play a role in the observed decrease. 相似文献
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湖泊微生物生态过程研究是深入了解湖泊生态系统结构与功能的关键。论述了湖泊微生物多样性时空分布规律及群落构建机制研究进展,总结了微生物群落构建机制的分析方法,介绍了微生物生态网络构建原理及应用。群落构建机制分析方法分为统计分析法、模型推断法和生态网络分析法。统计分析法包括群落结构差异分析、群落结构-环境因子关联分析和方差分解分析等,此类方法能够初步识别驱动群落组成与结构时空差异的影响因子,判别空间因素与已知环境变量对群落构建过程的相对贡献;模型推断法包括中性群落模型方法和零模型方法等,能够进一步实现对群落构建生态过程的区分,量化和比较随机性因素及确定性因素的相对重要性;生态网络分析法可用于揭示物种共现模式,探究作为确定性因素的生物相互作用,也可用于物种-环境响应关系的研究,探究环境选择过程对群落结构的影响。 相似文献
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A preliminary study to determine the profile of PAHs in the exhaust of gasoline vehicles in Delhi was conducted. Three different
types of vehicles (cars, autorickshaws and scooters) were selected with different age groups for sampling purpose. The concentration
of Total PAHs (Σ12PAHs) was found to be 27.27 ± 2.27, 28.61 ± 3.70 and 29.81 ± 3.57 mg/g in the exhaust of cars, auto- rickshaws (three wheelers)
and two wheelers, respectively. The levels of PAHs were found to be high in scooter exhaust as compared to that of cars and
autorickshaws. The total PAHs concentration in the present study was found to be higher as compared to other studies. Such
a high concentration could be attributed to different parameters like the age of the vehicles, driving conditions, the fuel
quality and the emission standards. 相似文献
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Obiri S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):455-463
Concentrations of heavy metals in the borehole at Dumasi in the Wassa West District of the Republic of Ghana have been measured
in this study. The concentrations of the following metals in the ground water from Dumasi borehole are: Iron (Fe) – 7.52 ppm,
Manganese (Mn) – 1.11 ppm, Arsenic (As) – 4.52 ppm, Chromium (Cr) – 0.026 ppm, Cobalt (Co) – 0.01 ppm, Zinc (Zn) – 0.007 ppm,
Cadmium (Cd) – 0.002 ppm and Lead (Pb) – 0.005 ppm. The results of the study show that resident adults and children who use
water from the boreholes are at serious risk from exposure to health hazards associated with exposure to the above metals
in the boreholes in Dumasi. If the results of this study are applied to other mining communities, which lie on the Birimian
and Tarkwaian rock system, then the residents are at serious risk from exposure to toxic metals from drinking water from the
boreholes dug for them by mining companies operating in their communities. 相似文献
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石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs污染特征分析 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
为弄清石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs的污染特征,采用美国环保局TO-15方法对石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs组成进行了定性和定量分析。在此基础上,进行了VOCs的月度变化分析、春节期间的变化分析,并进行了VOCs与空气质量指数AQI、PM2.5等之间的相关性分析;根据VOCs组成及变化情况和相关性,分析了其可能的来源。结果表明,石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs的质量浓度为145.7~1 410.7μg/m3,VOCs组分主要有丙酮、二氯甲烷、苯、乙酸乙酯、甲苯、1,2-二氯丙烷、三氯甲烷。春节期间,大气中VOCs的浓度有大幅的下降,比日常均值下降了40.9%。AQI较高时,大气中VOCs浓度有所升高。石家庄市冬季大气中丙酮、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯等主要来源于医药化工生产活动,苯、甲苯主要来源于煤燃烧。 相似文献