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1.
Twelve samples each of soil and ground water were collected from paddy-wheat, paddy-cotton, sugarcane fields and tube wells
from same or near by fields around Hisar, Haryana, India during 2002–2003 to monitor pesticide residues. Residues were estimated
by GC-ECD and GC-NPD systems equipped with capillary columns for organochlorine, synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate
insecticides. In soil, HCH (0.002–0.051 μg g−1), DDT (0.001–0.066 μg g−1), endosulfan (0.002–0.039 μg g−1) and chlordane (0.0002–0.019 μg g−1) among organochlorines, cypermethrin (0.001–0.035 μg g−1) and fenvalerate (0.001–0.022 μg g−1) among synthetic pyrethroids and chlorpyriphos (0.002–0.172 μg g−1), malathion (0.002–0.008 μg g−1), quinalphos (0.001–0.010 μg g−1) among organophosphates were detected. Dominant contaminants were DDT, cypermethrin and chlorpyriphos from the respective
groups. In water samples, HCH, DDT, endosulfan and cypermethrin residues were observed frequently. Only chlorpyriphos among
organophosphates was detected in 10 samples. On consideration of tube well water for drinking purpose, about 80% samples were
found to contain residues above the regulatory limits. 相似文献
2.
Dissipation behaviour of endosulfan and dichlorvos in/on cauliflower, variety Snowball-16, was studied during rabi season
(Sep.–March) 2003–2004. Endosulfan and dichlorvos were sprayed @ 350 and 110g a.i. with 115 g a.i., respectively, 80 days
after transplanting. Samples were taken at the interval of 0 (1h after spray), 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after spray (DAS) in triplicate
and residues were estimated on GC-ECD system equipped with capillary column. The initial deposits of 3.452 and 0.295μgg−1 of endosulfan and dichlorvos dissipated to 0.084 (97.56%) and 0.009 (96.95%), respectively after 10 DAS. Residues of endosulfan
reached below maximum residue limit of 2μgg−1 one day after spray and of dichlorvos were below MRL value of 0.5μgg−1 even on 0 day. Dissipation pattern followed first order kinetics for both the insecticides with half life periods of 1.81
and 2.08 days for endosulfan and dichlorvos, respectively. 相似文献
3.
Heavy metal pollution of water resources can be apprehended in East Singhbhum region which is a highly mineralised zone with
extensive mining of copper, uranium and other minerals. Ten groundwater samples were collected from each site and the heavy
metal analysis was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Analysis of the results of the study reveals that the concentration
of iron, manganese, zinc, lead, copper and nickel in groundwater of Bagjata mining area ranged 0.06–5.3 mg l − 1, 0.01–1.3 mg l − 1, 0.02–8.2 mg l − 1, 1.4–28.4 μg l − 1, 0.78–20.0 μg l − 1 and 1.05–20.1 μg l − 1, respectively. In case of Banduhurang mining area, the range was 0.04–2.93 mg l − 1, 0.02–1.1 mg l − 1, 0.01–4.68 mg l − 1, 1.04–33.21 μg l − 1, 1.24–18.7 μg l − 1 and 1.06–14.58 μg l − 1, respectively. The heavy metals were found to be below the drinking water standards (IS:10500 1993) except iron (0.3 mg l − 1) and manganese (0.1 mg l − 1). The hazard quotients of the heavy metals for drinking water were below 1 posing no threat due to intake of water to the
people for both the areas. 相似文献
4.
Persistent Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Soil and Surface Water of Northern Indo-Gangetic Alluvial Plains 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study reports the concentration levels and distribution pattern of the organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues in the
soil and surface water samples collected from the northern Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains. A total of 31 soil and 23 surface
water samples were collected from the study region in Unnao district covering an area of 2150 km2 and analyzed for aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, HCB, HCH isomers, DDT isomers/metabolites, endosulfan isomers (α and β), endosulfan
sulfate, heptachlor and its metabolites, α-chlordane, γ-chlordane and methoxychlor. In both the soil and surface water samples
β- and δ-isomers of HCH were detected most frequently, whereas, methoxychlor was the least detected pesticide. The results
showed contamination of soil and surface water of the region with several persistent organic pesticides. The total OCPs level
ranged from 0.36–104.50 ng g–1 and 2.63–3.72 μg L–1 in soil and surface water samples, respectively. 相似文献
5.
Determination of imazosulfuron persistence in rice crop and soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sondhia S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):205-211
Imazosulfuron is a new post-emergence sulfonylurea herbicide. It is highly active at low application rates to control annual
and perennial broad-leaf weeds and sedges in rice. There is increasing concerned about the persistence of pesticide residues
in soils, crop produce and subsequent contamination of groundwater. Thus persistence of imazosulfuron residues under field
condition was evaluated. Imazosulfuron was applied at 30, 40, 50 and 60 a. i. g ha −1 rates, 4 days after transplanting of rice as post-emergence herbicide. Soil and plant samples treated with imazosulfuron
were collected at 60, 90 and 120 days after herbicide application and analyzed for residues. Rice grains and straw samples
were sampled at harvest (120 days). Residues of imazosulfuron in soil were not found after 90 and 120 DAS (days after spraying).
Rice grains contained 0.006, 0.009 μg g−1 residues at 50 and 60 g ha −1 application rates. 0.009 and 0.039 μg g−1 residues of imazosulfuron were detected at 50 and 60 g/ha rates respectively in rice straw. Residues of imazosulfuron were
not detected applied at 30 and 40 g ha−1 in rice grains and straw, respectively and can be safely applied to the transplanted rice. 相似文献
6.
Seasonal variation of the concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured by ICP-AES
in the water and sediment from the Saricay Stream, Geyik Dam and Ortakoy Well in the same basin. Comparisons between trace
metal concentrations in water and sediment in three sources (Stream, Dam and Well) were made. The concentrations of a large
number of trace metals in the water and sediment were generally higher in the Stream than in the Well and Dam, particularly
in summer. Trace metal concentration ranges in sediments of the Saricay Stream and its sources showed very wide ranges (as
mass ratio): Co: 5–476 μg g−1, Cr: 15–1308 μg g−1, Cu: 7–128 μg g−1, Fe: 1120–13210 μg g−1, Mn: 150–2613 μg g−1, Ni: 102–390 μg g−1, Pb: 0.7–31.3 μg g−1 and Zn: 18–304 μg g−1, whereas Cd was not detected. Trace metal concentration ranges found in waters were: Co: 9.5–20.7 μg L−1, Cr: 20.3–284 μg L−1, Cu: 170–840 μg L−1, Fe: 176–1830 μg L−1, Mn: 29.3–387 μg L−1, and Ni: 4.3–21.9 μg L−1. Among the trace metals studied, Cd and Zn in two seasons and Pb in winter were usually not detected or in the recommended
levels. In addition, Cd was not detected in the sediment during the winter season. The analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA)
and correlation matrix was employed for the sediment and water samples of the two field surveys (summer and winter) comparison.
The three sources showed differences in metal contents. The metal levels in sediments displayed marked seasonal and regional
variations, which were attributed to anthropogenic influences and natural processes. In the Saricay Stream, high values of
metals during the dry season showed an anthropological effect from small industry firms, e.g.: an olive mill and a dairy farm
or water dilution during summer seasons. Finally, the pollution in this basin probably originated from small industrial, low
quality coal-burned thermal power plants, and particularly agricultural and domestic waste discharges. 相似文献
7.
Sharma KK Rao CS Dubey JK Patyal SK Parihar NS Battu RS Sharma V Gupta P Kumar A Kalpana Jaya M Singh B Sharma ID Nath A Gour TB 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,132(1-3):25-31
In a field study carried out at three different locations, the dissipation of spiromesifen on cotton and chili was studied
and its DT50, and DT99 were estimated at each location. Spiromesifen was sprayed on chili at 96 and 192 g a.i. ha−1 and cotton at 120 and 240 g a.i. ha−1. Samples of chili fruits were drawn at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 21, 30 days after treatment and that of cotton seed and lint
at first picking and harvest. Soil samples were drawn 30 days after treatment from 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm layer. Quantification
of residues was done on GC–MS in Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode in mass range 271–274 m/z. The LOQ of this method was
found 0.033 μg g−1, LOD being 0.01 μg g−1. The DT50 of spiromesifen when applied at recommended doses in chili fruits was found to be 2.18–2.40 days. Ninety-nine percent degradation
was found to occur within 14.5–16.3 days after application. Residues of spiromesifen were not detected in cotton seed and
lint samples at the first picking. In soil, no residues of spiromesifen were detectable 15 days after treatment. 相似文献
8.
Residues of organochlorine pesticides in water and suspended particulate matter from the Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The residues of 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface water and HCHs and DDTs in suspended particulate matter (SPM)
from rivers and lakes in Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China, were investigated. The concentration of total OCPs in surface
water varied from 1.01 to 46.49 ng l−1 (mean 10.55 ng l−1). The levels of total HCHs (ΣHCH) and total DDTs (ΣDDT) in surface water were in the range of 0.55–28.07 ng l−1 and lower than detection limit to 16.71 ng l−1, respectively, which was lower than Chinese standards on the whole. For OCPs residues in SPM, the mean levels varying from
0.20 to 34.72 ng l−1 and 0.46 to 2.72 ng l−1 for ΣHCH and ΣDDT, respectively, which ranked the relatively higher levels among Chinese studied rivers. Results from this
investigation showed that previous excessive usage of technical OCPs was the main reason for the residues of HCHs and DDTs
both in surface water and SPM, although some new sources were likely to occurred in the region. Apart from the OCPs in SPM
originated from upstream in flood season, one of the important sources of OCP residues both in water and SPM in Yangtze River
was supposed to be the inputs of its tributaries. Additionally, in situ water-SPM phase distributions of OCPs indicated that
HCHs tended totransport with water as well as DDTs was prone to combine with SPM in Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan. 相似文献
9.
Elevated levels of selenium have been found in water and aquatic biota downstream from two open-pit coal mines in the Rocky Mountain foothills of Alberta. Birds are particularly sensitive to excessive dietary selenium. However, there is relatively little information on selenium accumulation in birds' eggs on fast-flowing mountain streams. We determined levels of selenium in water samples, caddisfly larvae and eggs of American dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) nesting on the Gregg River, downstream from the mines, and on reference streams in the same general vicinity. Selenium levels (mean, 95% confidence limits) in water samples and caddisflies collected from sites near dipper nests on the Gregg River (water: 4.26, 1.90–9.56 μg L−1; caddisflies: 8.43, 7.51–9.46 μg g dry wt−1) were greater than those collected from sites near nests on reference rivers (water: 0.38, 0.21–0.71 μg L−1; caddisflies: 4.65, 4.35–4.97 μg g dry wt−1). The mean (± 1SE) selenium level in dipper eggs from the Gregg River (6.3 ± 0.2 μg g−1 dry wt) was significantly higher than it was in eggs from reference streams (4.9 ± 0.2 μg g−1 dry wt). Concentrations of selenium in eggs were significantly correlated with those in water samples (r = 0.45). The maximum selenium level in eggs from the Gregg River (9.0 μg g−1) may have been high enough to warrant concern from an ecotoxicological perspective. The American dipper can serve as a useful bioindicator of selenium contamination in mountainous, lotic ecosystems. 相似文献
10.
Kumar KS Suvardhan K Rekha D Kiran K Rao GC Jayaraj B Janardhanam K Chiranjeevi P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):271-276
Facile, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of carbosulfan in insecticidal
formulations, fortified water, food grains, agriculture wastewater and soil samples with newly synthesized reagents. The method
was based on acid and alkaline hydrolysis of the carbosulfan pesticide, and the resultant hydrolysis product of carbosulfan
was coupled with 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline to give a yellow color product with λ
max of 464 nm or interaction with 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline to produce yellow colored product with λ
max of 408 nm or coupling with 2,4,6-tribromoaniline to form red colored product has a λ
max of 471 nm. Under optimal conditions, Beer’s law range for 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline (DBMA) was found to be 0.2–12.0 μg
ml−1, 0.6–16.0 μg ml−1 for 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline (DBNA) and 0.4–15.0 μg ml−1 for 2,4,6-tribromoaniline (TBA). The molar absorptivity of the color systems were found to be 3.112 × 104 l mol−1 cm−1 for DBMA, 3.214 × 104 l mol−1 cm−1 for DBNA and 3.881 × 104 l mol−1 cm−1 for TBA. Sandell’s of the color reactions are 0.013 μg cm−2 (DBMA), 0.012 μg cm−2 (DBNA) and 0.011 μg cm−2 (TBA) respectively. The effect of the non-target species on the determination of carbosulfan was studied to enhance the selectivity
of the proposed methods. The formation of colored derivatives with the coupling agents is instantaneous and stable for 28,
30, and 26 h. Performance of the proposed methods were compared statistically in terms Student’s F and t-tests with the reported methods.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
11.
Citation of cyanobacterial cultures from the shores of south west coast of Gujarat, India and their relationship with sea water quality, influenced by extensive pollutant runoff is reported in this study. Intensity of pollution was evaluated by physico-chemical analysis of water. Higher load of suspended solids (60–1000 mg l−1) and nutrients (PO4
−P: 1.3–4 μmole l−1 and NO3
−N: 12.5–17.8 μmole l−1) were persistent throughout the analysis. Community structure is seen to be influenced by such persistent pollution. Twenty nine cyanobacterial species were isolated belonging to 9 genera of 4 families, with an elevated occurrence of Oscillatoria and Lyngbya species. No heterocystous cyanobacteria were isolated throughout the study. 相似文献
12.
In this work, water and sediment samples were collected from three different stations located along the Sakarya river between
May and September 2003. Lead, copper, chromium, zinc, nickel and cadmium concentrations were determined by using solvent extraction
and flame atomic absorption spectrometric method. The results show that differences based upon sampling times, regions, sediment
and water samples were observed. The mean levels of copper, nickel, chromium, lead, cadmium, zinc for sediment samples are;
4.630 μg g−1, 13.520 μg g−1, 8.780 μg g−1, 2.550 μg g−1, 9.990 μg g−1 and for water samples are; 0.851 μg g−1, 1.050 μg g−1, 0.027 μg g−1, 1.786 μg g−1, 0.236 μg g−1, 0.173 μg g−1, respectively. 相似文献
13.
This is the first comprehensive study of sources of variation in metal concentrations within the whole tissues of a shallow burrowing, filter-feeding intertidal clam, Austrovenus stutchburyi. Samples were collected from 12 sites in April, August, November and February in 1993–1994 in the vicinity of Otago Harbour and Peninsula, New Zealand. Total tissue trace metal concentrations (μg g−1 dry weight) were measured in individual animals for the essential metals : Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni and the non-essential Cr using trace-metal clean acid-digestion and ICP-OAES techniques. Average metal concentrations were 3–60 μg g−1 for Cu, 40–118 μg g−1 for Zn, 2–12 μg g−1 for Mn, 5–35 μg g−1 for Ni and 1–44 μg g−1 for Cr. These levels decreased with body weight and differed amongst sites except for Cr in February (mid-summer). Highest concentrations occurred at sites close to a city (Dunedin) and within the central harbour region although the Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr concentrations did not correlate with the environmental gradient or season. At one coastal site, samples of both the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and cockles gave similar trends in trace metal levels. These results suggest that the cockle could be a useful trace metal biomonitor within NZ estuaries. 相似文献
14.
Anthropogenic nexus on organochlorine pesticide pollution: a case study with Tamiraparani river basin,South India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kumarasamy P Govindaraj S Vignesh S Rajendran RB James RA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3861-3873
The levels of 17 organochlorine pesticides residues (OCPs) in surface water and sediments from Tamiraparani river basin, South
India were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution and risk impacts. A total of 96 surface water and sediment samples
at 12 sampling stations were collected along the river in four seasons during 2008–2009. The ΣOCP concentrations in surface
water and sediments were in the range of 0.1 to 79.9 ng l−1 and 0.12 to 3,938.7 ng g−1 dry weight (dw), respectively. Among the OCPs, the levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), aldrin, dieldrin, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, and mirex were dominant in the sediments. The dominant OCPs in water samples are heptachlor, o,p′-DDE, dieldrin,
o,p′-DDD, and mirex, which show different source of contamination pattern among sampling seasons. The distribution pattern
of DDTs, hexachlorocyclohexane, and other OCPs in the present study shows heterogenic nature of nonpoint source of pollution.
Notable contamination of water and sediment sample that was observed in upstream (S2) 58 ng l−1 and downstream (S11) 1,693 ng g−1 dw explains agricultural and municipal outfalls, whereas frequent damming effect reduces the concentration level in the midstream.
The overall spatial–temporal distribution pattern of ΣOCP residues are illustrated by GIS package. 相似文献
15.
Total selenium (Se) and water-soluble Se in soil, and Se in a shallow groundwater were hydrogeochemically researched in an
alluvial fan area in Tsukui, Central Japan. The water-soluble Se was estimated at average level of 2.6 ± 1.2μg Se kg−1 dry soil (± SD, n = 25), showing less than 1% of the total Se (349–508μg Se kg−1 dry soil) in soil. The monthly Se concentration in groundwater was average 2.2μg,L−1, ranging 1.6–2.4μg,L−1 during 2001–2003. The Se in groundwater significantly decreased with increasing groundwater level after rainfall. This result
indicated that Se-bearing water percolated with relatively low Se concentration through the soil layer. According to our prediction
model of linear regression curve on the observation data, Se concentration in the groundwater was estimated to be increasing
with the very low rate of 4.35 × 10−3μg Se L−1,yr−1. The hydrogeochemical research and the result of the prediction model showed that any explosive increase of Se will hardly
occur in this groundwater without an anthropogenic Se contamination. 相似文献
16.
In this study, the relationship between some physico-chemical properties of soils and lead contamination in soil due to emission
from industrial operations in Samsun province of Turkey was investigated. The extent of timely contamination was studied by
comparing the obtained results with the results of the study conducted in the same region in 1998. An area of 225 km2 (15 km × 15 km), which was divided into 1000 × 1000 m grid squares (16 lines in the east and south directions), was selected
within the industrial area. The total of 256 grid points was obtained and soil samples were collected from three depths (0–5,
5–15, and 15–30 cm) of each grid center in 2004. The total Pb concentrations of soil samples were determined as 65.84–527.04
μg g−1 at 0–5 cm in depth, 58.50 – 399.54 μg g−1 at 5–15 cm in depth, and 44.65–330.07 μg g−1 at 15–30 cm in depth. DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations of soils were found to be in the range of 1.52–9.03 μg g−1, 0.54–7.09 μg g−1, 0.19–6.13 μg g−1 at 0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm depths, respectively. There were significant relationships between both total or DTPA-extractable
Pb concentrations and selected physico-chemical properties of soil. According to enrichment factor (EF) values calculated
from the total Pb concentrations, 11.3% of the study area (225 km2) was enriched with Pb in high level, but 77% of the area was in significant enrichment level with Pb. The average total and
DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations increased as 11 and 13%, respectively in comparison with the results of 1998. 相似文献
17.
Ashraf W Seddigi Z Abulkibash A Khalid M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):271-279
In the present paper, seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Fe) in canned salmon, sardine and tuna fish were determined
by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cadmium and lead levels were determined by graphite tube AAS whereas Ni, Cu, Cr and
Fe were determined by flame AAS. Analytical results were validated by spiking the samples with various concentrations of these
metals for recovery. The metal contents, expressed in μg/g, wet weight, varied depending upon the specie studied. The levels
of Pb ranged from 0.03–1.20 μg-g−1 with an average of 0.313 μg-g−1 for salmon; 0.03–0.51 μg-g−1 with an average of 0.233 μg-g−1 for tuna and 0.13–1.97 μg-g−1 with an average of 0.835 μg-g−1 for sardines. The levels of Cd ranged from 0.02–0.38 μg-g−1 with an average of 0.161 μg-g−1 for salmon; 0.07–0.64 μg-g−1 with an average of 0.227 μg-g−1 for tuna and 0.010–0.690 μg-g−1 with an average of 0.183 μg-g−1 for sardines. Comparative evaluation of these metals in three varieties of fish showed that average concentration of lead
in sardines is about 4 times and Ni about 3 times higher as compared to tuna. Generally, the levels of these metals follow
the order sardine > salmon > tuna. The data generated in the present study compared well with the similar studies carried
out in different parts of the world. The results indicate that canned fish, in general and tuna in particular, have concentrations
within permissible limits of WHO/FAO levels for these heavy metals. Therefore, their contribution to the total body burden
of these metals can be considered as negligibly small. 相似文献
18.
Yayintas OT Yilmaz S Turkoglu M Dilgin Y 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,127(1-3):389-397
Waste water pollution of industrial areas can answer for the serious consequences of one of the most important environmental
threats to the future. In this study, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP-AES) is proposed
to determine heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Al, Fe, Ni, Co, Mn) and major elements (Ca, Mg) in waste water of Kocabas Stream.
The concentration of metals in the waste water samples taken from 9 different stations (St.) in Biga-Kocabas Stream in November
2004 (autumn period) were determined after simple pretreatment of samples by the proposed ICP-AES method. An analysis of a
given sample is completed in about 15 min for ICP-AES the method. The results of heavy metals concentrations in waste water
were found between 0.00001–77.69610 mg l−1 by the ICP-AES technique. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Mg and Ca 0.00001 (St.3,6,7) – 0.0087
mg l−1 (St.9), 0.00001 (St.4-7) – 0.0020 mg l−1 (St.8), 0.00001 (St.1,3-7,9) – 0.0041 mg l−1 (St.2), 0.0620 (St.2) – 0.2080 mg l−1 (St.3), 0.0082 (St.6) – 0.2290 mg l−1 (St.8), 0.3580 (St.2) – 1.7400 mg l−1 (St.3), 0.2240 (St.1) – 0.6790 mg l−1 (St.3), 0.0080 (St.1) – 1.5840 mg l−1 (St.3), 0.0170 (St.3) – 0.0640 mg l−1 (St.2), 0.0010 (St.1,4,5,8) – 0.0080 mg l−1 (St.3), 5.0640 (St.9) – 5.2140 mg l−1 (St.1) and 43.3600 (St.2) – 77.6961 mg l−1 (St.9), respectively. Also we measured environmental physicochemical parameters such as temperature, salinity, specific conductivity,
total dissolved solid (TDS), pH, oxidation and reduction potential (ORP), and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the waste water at
sampling stations. 相似文献
19.
González-Macías C Schifter I Lluch-Cota DB Méndez-Rodríguez L Hernández-Vázquez S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):187-207
Concentrations of total aromatic hydrocarbons and extractable organic matter in the water column and sediment were determined
in samples collected in the course of the last 20 years from the Salina Cruz Harbor, México, to assess the degree of organic
contamination. In sediments, organic compounds accumulate in shallow areas mostly associated with extractable organic matter
and fine fractions. Calculated geocumulation index and enrichment factors suggest that contamination could be derived from
anthropogenic activities attributed to harbor and ship scrapping activities, as well as transboundary source. Concentration
of total aromatic hydrocarbons (as chrysene equivalents) ranged from 0.01 to 534 μg l−1 in water, and from 0.10 to 2,160 μg g−1 in sediments. Total aromatic concentration of 5 μg g−1 is proposed as background concentration. 相似文献
20.
Cadmium and lead were determined simultaneously in seawater by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) preceded by
adsoptive collection of complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) on to a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). In preliminary
experiments the optimal analytical condition for oxine concentration was found to be 2.10−5 M, at pH 7.7, the accumulation potential was −1.1 V, and the initial scannig potential was −0.8 V. The peak potentials were
found −0.652 V for Cd and −0.463 V for Pb At the 60 s accumalation time. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitatification
(LOQ) were found to be by voltammetry as 0.588 and 1.959 μg l−1 (RSD, 5.50%) for Cd and 0.931 and 3.104 μg l−1 (RSD, 4.10%) for Pb at 60 s stirred accumulation time respectively. In these conditions the most of the seawater samples
are amenable for direct voltammetric determination of cadmium and lead using a HMDE. An adsorptive stripping mechanism of
the electrode reaction was proposed. For the comparison, seawater samples were also analysed by ICP-atomic emission spectrometry
method (ICP-AES). The applied voltammetric technique was validated and good recoveries were obtained. 相似文献