易腐性有机垃圾的产生与处理技术途径比较

我国城市垃圾以易腐性有机垃圾为主。目前有关管理部门提出逐步减少进人填埋场的易腐性有机垃圾量，因此，必须寻求其他填埋替代技术消纳易腐性有机垃圾物流。本文对几种常规技术方案讲行了比较。认为应该根据非餐饮业和餐饮业易腐性有机垃圾各自的产生源特点，采取不同的处理方案，但目前这些替代技术用于处理易腐垃圾时均存在各自的缺陷，本文据此提出了相应的技术完善要求和配套管理政策建议。     

国内外餐饮垃圾的管理

餐饮垃圾高含水量和易腐等特性，使其成为一类特殊的固体垃圾。餐饮垃圾对于我国城市发展还是个新问题，国内外系统报道其管理和处理对策的文献也很少。在分析中，介绍了国内外餐饮垃圾的管理政策与治理技术，同时，针对我国目前现状，提出城市餐饮垃圾的管理和治理建议，为困扰我国众多城市的餐饮垃圾管理与治理决策提供参考。     

基于集装化外运与综合型处理的上海城市生活垃圾管理对策

分析了上海市区生活垃圾收运处理现状与问题,借鉴国外特大城市生活垃圾收运处理管理经验和教训,提出了将现有垃圾水运系统升级改造为集装化水陆联运系统、将现有老港废弃物处置场扩建为生活垃圾分类、生化处理、焚烧发电、填埋等多种技术有机组合的综合型处理基地的方案,为改善上海市生活垃圾收运与处理处置系统提出可行的对策建议.     

上海市固废处理现状及建议

防止固体废弃物污染城市环境是环境保护一项十分重要的工作,因此,分析上海市废弃物处理现状,针对目前固废处理中垃圾分类、垃圾压缩站扰民、郊区垃圾管理、处置难等问题,提出改进建议,并在立足于上海市的实际情况和国际先进固废处理经验的基础上,提出设想和展望.     

国内外餐饮垃圾的管理

餐饮垃圾高含水量和易腐等特性 ,使其成为一类特殊的固体垃圾。餐饮垃圾对于我国城市发展还是个新问题 ,国内外系统报道其管理和处理对策的文献也很少。在分析中 ,介绍了国内外餐饮垃圾的管理政策与治理技术 ,同时 ,针对我国目前现状 ,提出城市餐饮垃圾的管理和治理建议 ,为困扰我国众多城市的餐饮垃圾管理与治理决策提供参考     

利用循环经济解决电子垃圾问题

电子垃圾的大量存在对环境和人体产生了很大的危害.利用循环经济理念,从源头抓起,明确生产商、消费者、政府和回收处理企业各自的责任,形成一个闭路循环系统来解决电子垃圾问题.分析了电子垃圾的现状,并结合中国自身的特点,提出了相应的解决措施,以实现用循环经济模式来解决电子垃圾问题.     

青岛市菜市场垃圾的高温厌氧消化研究

在中试规模下进行菜市场垃圾高温厌氧消化试验,通过监测消化过程中的产气情况和消化液的pH、可溶解性COD(SCOD)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、NH3-N、碱度等变化,确定菜市场垃圾厌氧消化的最大有机负荷,并分析对菜市场垃圾进行高温厌氧消化处理的可行性.结果表明,在中试规模下,菜市场垃圾高温厌氧消化的最高有机负荷可达6.2...     

九江市区城市生活垃圾现状及处理对策研究

本文调查了九江市城区生活垃圾现状,发展趋势,确定了影响九江市生活垃圾发生量的主要因素,提出了发生量与人口、气化率、废品回收和生活水平之间的定量模型,并以不同方法对未来垃圾发生量进行了预测,最后对城市垃圾的卫生填埋、生态工程处理、堆肥和焚烧四种处理方法的经济、技术和环境效益进行了比较与分析,提出九江市区生活垃圾应采取堆肥和生态工程处理相结合的方法。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺研究进展

介绍了垃圾渗滤液的来源和特点，结合近些年的工程实际和实验研究，主要综述了垃圾渗滤液的处理方案和技术，包括回灌法、土地处理法、物化法、生物法以及其他处理方法，在比较这些方法的基础上提出了一些建议。     

城市生活垃圾复混肥示范工程工艺设计

提出了适合我国中小城市生活垃圾的处理办法,即利用城市生活垃圾生产有机复混肥。对有机复混肥的效益分析表明,利用城市生活垃圾生产复混具有明显的环境效益,社会效益和的经济效益,是一条利国利民,造福子孙后代的城市生活垃圾处理的好办法。     

砒霜生产化工厂危险废物处置工程设计

通过对砒霜生产化工厂原场址废渣及污染场地调查的基础上，进行了处置方案比选及技术经济比较，确定了就地安全填埋的处置方案。根据区域性危险废物集中安全填埋场的设计经验，本工程采用先进的HDPE双层防渗的安全填埋方式，并设置了雨水分流系统、渗滤液收集系统、封场处理和填埋气体导排系统，整个场区布置合理，对周围环境的影响小，投资少，取得了良好的社会效益和环境效益，并对危险废物处理处置工程设计中应注意的问题提出了建议。     

青岛市餐厨垃圾与菜市场垃圾混合高温厌氧消化研究

在中试规模下,研究青岛市餐厨垃圾与菜市场垃圾混合(质量比1∶1)高温厌氧消化实验,通过监测厌氧消化过程中产气量、气体组成等产气情况和消化液中pH值、SCOD、NH3-H、VFAs含量和组分等化学指标变化,确定混合厌氧消化的最大有机负荷,并分析混合高温厌氧消化技术的可行性,结果表明,(1)青岛市餐厨垃圾与菜市场垃圾混合高温厌氧消化产甲烷具有技术可行性;(2)混合厌氧消化的最大有机负荷可达4.069 kg VS/(m3.d);(3)当系统最大有机负荷时,每天每千克VS最高可产生甲烷量0.346 m3;(4)混合厌氧消化可削减氨氮对餐厨垃圾单独厌氧消化产沼气的影响。     

西南地区某已封场非规范垃圾填埋场垃圾稳定化进程分析

以重庆某非规范填埋场为例,针对西南地区已封场非规范垃圾填埋场的稳定化进程进行了分析。按照场地布局选取4个采样点,在垃圾体上进行钻孔取样,分析不同深度的垃圾样pH值、有机质、含水率、生物可降解度以及垃圾样浸出液和填埋气组成以及各个指标随着填埋深度的变化规律,确定不同深度垃圾体的稳定化程度。结果表明,场内垃圾已呈现矿化垃圾特征;有机质、BDM、浸出液COD以及填埋气CH4含量等4个指标与填埋深度均较好地符合一级降解反应,可以预测垃圾体稳定化临界填埋深度。根据有机质、BDM、浸出液COD以及填埋气CH4含量等4个指标与填埋深度一级降解反应函数预测临界稳定化深度为15 m,与实测值判定的稳定化填埋深度相一致性。在对非规范垃圾填埋场场地利用过程中,需要先对未稳定的上层垃圾进行清理,并在已稳定的底层垃圾体上充填其他稳定介质后利用该地块。     

Decomposition of paper wastes in presence of ceramics and cement raw material

Paper recycling is an environmental important activity that is carried out in all the countries, but during the recycling process a paper waste is produced. Generally these wastes are placed in landfill sites but it is possible to profit it as secondary fuel and raw material in manufacture furnaces.

In this work the combustion of the waste papers with cement and ceramic raw material has been studied with the objective to analyse the interaction of these substances with the emitted pollutants like PAHs and PCDD/Fs.

The results of the study show that the presence of inorganic material produces an increment in the lighter PAH emission but chlorinated compounds are not affected. The PCDD/F emission level found in the combustion of this waste is quite low compared with other wastes subjected to similar conditions.     

有机垃圾的处理和资源化技术进展

有机垃圾具有易腐烂、热值低、有机质含量丰富等特点,常规的填埋和焚烧难以妥善处理。文章在分析各类有机垃圾组成和特性的基础上,认为堆肥化处理、厌氧发酵和综合利用应是有机垃圾处理和处置的发展趋势,这不仅有利于消除污染、保护环境,还能最大程度地实现物质和能量的自然循环。     

垃圾焚烧厂焚烧底灰的处理研究

系统地研究了常州市环境卫生综合厂垃圾焚烧车间的底灰。研究结果表明，根据中国现行的污染控制标准，该厂的底灰属于一般废物，可以以建筑垃圾的方式处理。但对底灰的分选和分类研究结果表明，底灰含有一定量的未燃烬的有机废物，也有一些可回收利用的废物。因此，底灰应该先分选后，再对无利用价值的渣土作填埋或其他处置。     

Effects of leachate recirculation on biogas production from landfill co-disposal of municipal solid waste,sewage sludge and marine sediment

Leachate recirculation is an emerging technology associated with the management of landfill. The impact of leachate recirculation on the co-disposal of three major wastes (municipal solid waste, sewage sludge and sediment dredgings) was investigated using a laboratory column study. Chemical parameters (pH, COD, ammoniacal-N, total-P) and gas production (total gas volume, production rates and concentrations of CH4 and CO2) were monitored for 11 weeks. Leachate recirculation reduced waste-stabilization time and was effective in enhancing gas production and improving leachate quality, especially in terms of COD. The results also indicated that leachate recirculation could maximize the efficiency and waste volume reduction rate of landfill sites.     

The role of mechanical and biological treatment in reducing methane emissions from landfill disposal of municipal solid waste in the United Kingdom

In Europe, the European Union Landfill Directive aims to reduce the negative environmental impacts of landfilling. This is mainly to be achieved by reducing the quantity of organic matter deposited, through measures such as the separate collection and recycling of the organic waste stream or pretreatment of residual wastes before landfilling. Other than incineration or other thermal processes, mechanical biological treatment is playing an increasingly important role. This study was conducted to seek the benefits of municipal solid waste (MSW) pretreatment, as well as the differences in methane production from the landfilling of untreated and mechanically/biologically treated (MBT) MSW using GasSim simulation. Results demonstrated that methane production rates vary significantly among waste fractions. Those that contribute most to methane generation (organic material and potentially reusable or recyclable material) could be targeted and treated before landfilling. The statistic relationship from the first phase of the study indicated that to match the increasingly stringent landfill waste organic content allowance, local councils should prioritize the reduction/sorting of certain targeted fractions, such as paper, card, green waste, and other putrescibles from MSW. Moreover, mechanical treatment alone produces organic-rich waste called mechanically sorted organic residues (MSORs), which can be viewed as an organic content concentration process. Mechanically and biologically pretreated waste, on the other hand, differs significantly from untreated MSW and MSORs. This work demonstrated that if efficient mechanical-biological treatment is used, considerable reductions in biological activity, landfill gas production, and energy content/total organic carbon could be achieved. Using GasSim, reductions in methane production of >74% have been simulated if a 90% organic content reduction can be achieved during biological treatment on MSORs. A 50-60% organic content reduction by following biological treatment can turn MSOR properties only into normal MSW equivalent though considerably less volume.     

Composting of municipal solid waste by different methods improved the growth of vegetables and reduced the health risks of cadmium and lead

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Reutilization of putrescible municipal solid wastes (MSW) in agriculture can provide valuable plant nutrients. However, it may pose serious...