环境规制对经济发展的影响因素研究

长期以来,国内外许多学者研究与分析了对环境规制对经济发展的影响.首先整合和分析了国外的理论和实证研究,然后针对中国关于环境规制对经济发展的理论及实证研究情况分别从技术创新与企业生产率、企业成本、行业产出和国际竞争力等方面进行了归纳和研究,最后基于已有研究成果得出结论:环境规制对经济发展的最终影响,是多种效应综合作用的结...     

工业园产业生态系统多样性评价研究

多样性是衡量开发区产业生态系统持续发展的重要内容,对开发区产业生态系统的组成完善、功能结构优化、规模竞争活力、稳定演化会产生重要影响。借鉴Shannon-Weaver生物多样性指数方法进行南通经济技术开发区产业生态系统结构多样性评价,类推多样性自然规律在产业生态系统的适用,结果表明,开发区产业结构组分多样性指数随整体产业规模扩大呈逐年下降趋势,系统存在不稳定;由结构元到结构网(Hu-Hc-Hn)产业生态系统中存在结构多样性递减趋势,系统功能多样性不完备。针对当前低碳经济产业发展要求,探讨了综合性开发区产业生态系统应采用改变新的组织形式、调整政策来恢复和保持产业系统调节功能的生态化模式,不仅为生态产业的构建和管理者提供决策依据,而且为调整组分、改善结构功能、提高竞争力提供较为直观的决策依据。     

江苏省低碳竞争力评价探讨

如何评价区域的低碳竞争力水平,是制定低碳政策的重要先决条件.构建了包括低碳经济竞争力、低碳环境竞争力和低碳社会竞争力3个方面的江苏省低碳竞争力评价指标体系,并采用灰关联分析方法和熵理论建立了低碳竞争力的评价模型,对该省2002-2010年间的低碳竞争力进行了评价.评价结果表明,2002-2010年间江苏省的低碳竞争力总体波动不大,需要构建区域低碳发展模式以提高其竞争力水平.最后,基于波特的“钻石模型”竞争理论,从低碳能源、低碳技术、低碳产业、低碳治理、低碳社会和碳汇6个方面提出了进一步提高江苏省低碳竞争力的具体措施.     

中国产业转型升级示范区环境规制对产业转型升级的影响研究

选取2004—2017年18个产业转型升级示范区(以下简称示范区)的26个城市，构建评价体系测度了环境规制强度和产业高端化、合理化、集群化等6个方向的产业转型升级水平，利用聚类分析法和面板回归模型探究了环境规制对产业转型升级的倒逼影响机制。结果表明：(1)示范区产业转型升级水平和不同污染治理效果逐年上升，转型效果初显且生态环境逐步改善。(2)环境规制对于示范区产业转型升级具有明显推动作用，环境规制对低产业转型升级水平示范区的倒逼作用强于高产业转型升级水平示范区。(3)环境质量指标对于示范区产业转型升级的影响强于污染控制指标。(4)环境规制对示范区产业信息化方向的促进程度最大，其次是产业国际化，再次是产业合理化和产业集群化，而对产业高端化和生态化的影响未通过显著性检验。     

上海青浦工业园区行业发展和产业分类

采用2007年国务院全国污染源普查的能耗和水耗基础数据,计算了上海青浦工业园区20个行业的绿色距离和生态化实现度,并分析各行业的发展状况.基于万元工业产值能耗和万元工业产值水耗,对20个行业进行了划分,清楚地提供了工业园区的高消耗产业、中类产业、低消耗产业的划分情况.     

精细化工园区生态环境效益评价指标体系研究

从评价指标体系在精细化工园区生态化建设和改造中的必要性出发,论述了构建评价指标体系的原则及其作用.以浙江杭州湾精细化工园区为例,构建了生态环境效益评价指标体系,运用层次分析法分析了其层次结构,提出了符合该园区特定产业体系的评价指标.并对特征指标进行了分析.结果表明,医药行业原辅材料投入产出比、染料行业单位产品新鲜水消耗量、染料行业单位产品浓硫酸消耗量,工业用水重复利用率等指标是影响该园区循环利用的关键指标.     

基于产业集聚的化工行业绿色供应链管理模式研究

化工行业对环境的严重影响引起了政府、学术界和公众的共同关注,实施绿色供应链管理是解决环境问题的系统方法。尝试性地将产业集群理论与绿色供应链管理理论进行耦合,结合化工行业的特点,提出基于产业集聚的化工行业绿色供应链管理模式。通过培育集群内上下游企业的互动创新机制,发挥集群内上下游企业资源利用和废物处置的规模效应,通过因地制宜地发展化工生产型服务产业以及相关支撑机构的建设等措施,使化工行业能够可持续发展。     

产业园区的区域清洁生产浅议

清洁生产在企业层次的推广成效显著,但也逐渐显现出其局限性,如单个企业能耗、物耗的进一步降低往往涉及工艺改造,技术风险大且成本较高,而且线性的生产模式不利于废物的循环利用等.清洁生产的意义和内涵已随着时代的需要有了进一步的延伸和扩展,将清洁生产应用于工业共生系统已成为清洁生产理论创新的重要组成部分.产业园区的建设为进一步提高资源、能源利用率创造了条件,产业生态学的发展为区域层次的清洁生产提供了理论基础.把清洁生产应用于产业园区是必要且可行性的,但产业园区的清洁生产理论和方法尚需进一步探索和实践.     

先进制造业生态产业链的构建研究

生态产业链的形成和稳定是生态工业园可以顺利运行的核心和关键问题.根据生态产业链构架中的循环经济理论,以合肥市高新技术产业开发区先进制造业为例,分别从企业层面和产业层面对先进制造业生态产业链进行了初步设计;并尝试用灰色关联评价模型对先进制造业的可持续发展水平进行综合评价.结果表明,先进制造业生态产业链的构建提高了生态工业...     

中国环保企业绩效及影响因素分析

采用数据包络分析法(DEA)-Tobit模型,对中国4 319家环保产品生产企业和2 791家污染设施运营企业的绩效和影响因素开展了研究。结果表明,中国环保企业整体绩效低下,相对规模过小和技术无效是造成中国环保企业绩效低下的主要原因。环保产品生产企业的显著影响因素为所有制、从业特征、研发人员和出口合同额;污染设施运营企业的显著影响因素为企业聚集、所有制、从业特征和上市情况。不同影响因素对两类环保企业的影响强度不同,在制定促进环保产业发展的政策措施时,应对两类企业进行差别化对待。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.