嘉兴市污水海洋处置工程近区稀释扩散物理模型和数学模型研究

结合嘉兴市污水海洋处置工程，以排污口近区污水稀释扩散规律进行了物理模型和数学模型研究，数学模型采用美国国家环保局的UM模型、香港大学李行伟教授的Jetlag3模型以及我们自行研制的积分控制模型。结果表明，Jetlag3模型计算值和物理模型的试验结果相差不大。     

香港住宅室内环境及污染暴露量研究

对选定的14间香港住宅的PM10、CO、NO2等主要室内污染物浓度进行监测，通过建立多元线性回归模型，分析了室内．外PM10浓度与居民室内各种活动等其它有关因素之间的相关关系．结合香港居民日常时间安排调查的结果，计算出各种室内污染物的暴露量，对住宅室内环境污染对居民健康的影响进行了初步评估，提出了改善住宅室内环境的一些建议。     

粤港澳地区大气中有机污染物初步研究

用Ｔｅｋｍａｒ多填层吸附管连接ＴＭＰ－１５００空气采样采集ＶＯＣｓ样,然后在Ｔｅｋｍａｒ６０３２／３０００吹扫捕集系统与ＧＣ／ＭＳＤ联用仪上分析,用ＴＨ－１０００Ｌ型大量采样器收集ＴＳＰ气溶胶样,ＴＳＰ滤膜经抽提分离后,烷径和芳烃进行ＧＣ／ＭＳＤ分析,了广州,香港和澳门地区大气 有机物和气溶胶可溶有机物的与成因。     

香港与广州市汽车尾气污染比较

采用较先进自动分析仪器,连续４年在香港九龙青山道及连续９天广州市解放中路,对汽车尾气污染进行监测。结果表明,香港九龙青山道汽车尾气污染较轻,１９８８年和１９８９年基本满足中国国家大气环境质量二级标准的要求。广州市解放中路汽车尾气污染严重。超过国家大气环境质量三级标准,车流组成与行车速度的差异是造成香港与广州市两地汽车气污染差别的主要原因。     

香港大气污染物排放政策分析

本文介绍了香港地区大气污染物的种类及其危害、香港地区早期和近期的电厂大气污染物排放标准,分析了香港标准变化的原因及效果。严格的标准导致香港地区污染减排明显,为大陆城市可持续发展提供了很好的参考。     

Developing chemical signatures of particulate air pollution in the Pearl River Delta region, China

PM2:5 samples were collected in a regional sampling network with three sites in Hong Kong and four sites in the adjacent inland Pearl River Delta (PRD) or Guangdong Province during four months/seasons from 2002–2003. Trans-boundary transport between Hong Kong and the inland PRD is inevitable under the influence of Asian monsoon. In summer, Hong Kong serves as the upwind site of the inland PRD while during other seasons it is under the influence of continental emissions. Previous studies have recognized the importance of using chemical signatures to differentiate local vs. regional contributions to air pollutants in Hong Kong such as the CO/NOx ratio, ratios of different VOC species. In this study, detailed chemical speciation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed with PM2:5 samples to identify new chemical signatures to distinguish aerosols in Hong Kong from those from the inland PRD. Since Hong Kong is not influenced by the continental emissions from the inland PRD during summer, comparison focused on chemical data obtained from this season for chemical signatures. The new ratios developed from the current study include LCPI/HCPI ratio of alkanes (0.39 0.02 in Hong Kong vs. 0.78 0.08 in the inland PRD), pyrene to benzo[ghi]perylene ratio (0.97 0.21 in Hong Kong compared to 0.20 0.06 in the inland PRD), and the ratio of 1,2-benzenedioic acid to 1,4-benzenedioic acid (1.8 0.1 in Hong Kong vs. 0.6 0.05 in the inland PRD). Results from this study also revealed that Hong Kong was impacted by ship emissions as reflected by substantially high V/Ni ratio (9 2) while this ratio was about 1–2 at all sites in the inland PRD, which is very close to typical ratios from residual oil combustion.     

Mesoscale meteorological modelling for Hong Kong-application of the MC2 model

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｓｔｈｅａｄａｐｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｍｅｓｏｓｃａｌｅｍｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｗｉｎｄｆｉｅｌｄｓａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｍｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｆｏｒｆｕｔｕｒｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎｏｆＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇＳｐｅｃｉａｌＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅＲｅｇｉｏｎ (ＨＫＳＡＲ) .Ｔｈｅｍａｉｎａｒｅａ…     

以珠三角典型灰霾天气为例谈资料分析方法

分析处理复杂问题需要抓住主流,以珠三角地区发生的一次典型灰霾天气过程为例讨论了抽丝剥茧的资料分析方法.这次灰霾过程同期20日左右,中亚、蒙古国与我国北方发生了当年沙尘天气影响范围最广的一次强沙尘暴过程,冷空气前锋22日凌晨到达穗港地区,但穗港两地空气质量发生了相反的变化,香港空气质量急剧恶化,气溶胶浓度超过700μg/...     

香港地区2005—2010年VOCs污染来源解析及特征研究

利用香港地区2005-2010年连续实时监测的挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)组分浓度数据,运用CMB和UNMIX受体模型综合分析了香港地区VOCs主要污染来源及年变化趋势和季节变化规律.结果表明:溶剂使用、机动车尾气排放和液化石油气(LPG)是香港地区主要的VOCs污染源.在2005-2010年间,机动车尾气排放对VOCs贡献呈缓慢增加趋势,溶剂使用的贡献率逐渐降低,天然源的贡献率基本稳定.溶剂使用、机动车尾气和LPG源冬季贡献最大,夏季最低,天然源则在夏季贡献最大.两种模型解析结果有一定的差异,显示源解析结果受较多因素影响.为确保结果的准确性,建议采用两种或以上的模型对受体点数据进行污染来源解析.     

An overview of emissions trading and its prospects in Hong Kong

With the approval of the Chinese central government, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) decided to participate in a regional emissions trading (ET) pilot scheme in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. This scheme, instead of aiming to curb global warming, is geared mostly toward reducing air pollutant (that is, SO₂, NO_x, RSP, and VOCs) emissions by 20–55% by 2010, thus improving air quality in the region. Both the HKSAR and the Guangdong Provincial Governments will impose emission caps on their respective power plants in the region and allocate emissions credits to them. This study explores the background of this regional ET scheme and correlates it with the emissions reduction scenario to provide more details for assessing its applicability to Hong Kong and Guangdong Province. Although practicing ET in the PRD region presents many challenges, establishing an appropriate ET scheme is of paramount importance for Hong Kong, as well as other cities in the PRD region, to achieve a sustainable air quality.     

Impacts of pollution heterogeneity on population exposure in dense urban areas using ultra-fine resolution air quality data

Traditional air quality data have a spatial resolution of 1 km or above, making it challenging to resolve detailed air pollution exposure in complex urban areas. Combining urban morphology, dynamic traffic emission, regional and local meteorology, physicochemical transformations in air quality models using big data fusion technology, an ultra-fine resolution modeling system was developed to provide air quality data down to street level. Based on one-year ultra-fine resolution data, this study investigated the effects of pollution heterogeneity on the individual and population exposure to particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and ozone (O₃) in Hong Kong, one of the most densely populated and urbanized cities. Sharp fine-scale variabilities in air pollution were revealed within individual city blocks. Using traditional 1 km average to represent individual exposure resulted in a positively skewed deviation of up to 200% for high-end exposure individuals. Citizens were disproportionally affected by air pollution, with annual pollutant concentrations varied by factors of 2 to 5 among 452 District Council Constituency Areas (DCCAs) in Hong Kong, indicating great environmental inequities among the population. Unfavorable city planning resulted in a positive spatial coincidence between pollution and population, which increased public exposure to air pollutants by as large as 46% among districts in Hong Kong. Our results highlight the importance of ultra-fine pollutant data in quantifying the heterogeneity in pollution exposure in the dense urban area and the critical role of smart urban planning in reducing exposure inequities.     

污水处理厂恶臭烦恼模拟评价及验证

对某污水处理厂有组织及无组织源进行采样调查,基于CALPUFF模型建立恶臭评价因子,对恶臭扰民进行判定,并通过厂界样品检测、现场嗅探监测、居民问卷调查3种方式对模型模拟结果进行验证.结果表明,该污水处理厂在各个方向上的恶臭防护距离为200~1450m,周边8个居民区可引起恶臭烦恼;模型模拟得到的臭气浓度及居民烦恼与验证结果一致性较好.     

珠江口海岸线变化的遥感监测

珠江口、香港及澳门地区海岸线的变化近十几年来十分迅速 ,采用常规方法及时、定量地测量这种变化十分困难。本研究应用多时相Landsat卫星遥感图像 ,采用神经网络分类方法 ,监测海岸线的变化并计算增长的陆地面积。结果表明 ,人为的围海造田 ,香港、澳门机场及相关高速公路、港口等设施的建设是海岸线变化的最主要原因。     

工业园区典型VOCs污染过程精细化溯源

以上海某化工工业园区为目标区域,针对典型的大气VOCs污染过程,通过耦合高时间分辨率GC-MS在线监测、拉格朗日大气扩散模型、VOCs源谱及相似度分析等技术手段,开展了小尺度大气VOCs的精细化溯源.结果表明,针对敏感点监测到的VOCs高值时刻,拉格朗日大气扩散模型能够追踪主要的气团来向及企业潜在贡献,空间分辨率达到1...     

Development and experience in the monitoring,assessment and control of environmentalpollutants in Hong Kong

The late start of environmental protection in Hong Kong was discussed in the light of problems encountered during the development of environmental protection legislation in Hong Kong for the past 20 years. The collaboration in monitoring and assessment of environmental pollutants between the University of Hong Kong and various governments were descrbed in parallel with the progress in environmental protection in Hong Kong. The developments of new analytical techniques for environmental monitoring and analysis is given and their application in environmental control described. The joint projects in assessment and control of environmental pollutants carried out in collaboration with local industries and other organizations within and without the university are given and discussed. The problems and possible solution facing Hong Kong in development control equipment for small scale industries are discussed and areas of development identified. The development and experience in the monitoring assessment and co     

珠三角区域空气质量指数(RAQI)的研究

区域空气质量指数(Regional Air Quality Index,RAQI)是粤港政府联合发布、反映珠三角区域内不同地区的空气质量状况的评级系统。虽然RAQI综合考虑了空气污染的总量水平,较我国空气污染指数(Air Pollution Index,API)系统增加了O3,一定程度地考虑了大气氧化性增高的问题,但其所表征的空气质量状况与实际空气污染水平和公众感受仍存在差异。对2006年珠三角和香港监测数据的研究表明,RAQI较API能更充分地体现空气质量的分级;小时RAQI能够实时准确地反映了环境质量的变化,较每日RAQI更具有实际意义;加入PM2.5或采用不同的O3、PM10和PM2.5环境质量标准,是影响RAQI的重要因素。PM2.5/PM10为0.7,比世界卫生组织推荐的PM2.5/PM10为0.5的比例更符合珠三角的实际情况。因此,增加细粒子污染物PM2.5,适当调严某些污染物的环境质量标准,增加RAQI的发布频次,可以使RAQI更全面、准确地反映区域空气污染状况,是RAQI改进的方向。     

区域持久性有机物的健康风险评价方法研究

随着城市和工业的发展,工业点源和机动车排放了大量有毒污染物,加剧了城市居民的健康风险.在传统的健康风险评价的基础上,提出了区域持久性有机物的健康风险评价思想,并对研究方法进行了初步探讨.在GIS的环境中,集成了ISCST3(复杂工业源扩散模型)和传统风险评价中的多种风险源累积的风险评价模型,建立起以GIS为基础的RHRA(区域健康风险评价方法).以上海市杨浦区为例,根据当地的气象条件和区域污染源的分布情况,对由该区域固定源和移动源排放的有毒污染物引起的区域人类致癌风险和非致癌风险进行了研究.结果表明:杨浦区的致癌风险值为500～1.0×104,非致癌风险指数为1.32～85.70.模拟得到有毒污染物产生的健康风险等值线图显示,区域中健康风险的大小与道路机动车流量和工业点源的分布高度相关.      

高分辨率气溶胶光学厚度在珠三角及香港地区区域颗粒物监测中的应用研究

利用最新的MODlS(中分辨率成像光谱仪)气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)反演算法,反演珠江三角洲及香港地区2008年高分辨率(1 km x1 km)AOD分布,并与AERONET观测数据进行了验证(r=0.917).分析了2008年珠江三角洲及香港地区5个站点地面监测PM10质量浓度与反演的AOD数据相关性.结果表明:两者直...     

Characteristics of urban ozone level in Hong Kong

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｚｏｎｅｉｓａｎａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｆｏｒｍｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｐｈｏｔｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｒｏｐｏｓｐｈｅｒｅａｎｄｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐｈｙｔｏｔｏｘｉｃａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ.Ｉｎｇｅｎｅｒａｌ,ｄｉｒｅｃｔｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｏｚｏｎｅｆｒｏｍａｎｔｈｒｏｐｏｇｅｎｉｃｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｉｓｎｅｇｌｉｇｉｂｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｆｒｅｅｔｒｏｐｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ .Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｆｏｒ…     

智慧电表设施的节能减排效益评估

智慧电表基础设施（Advanced Metering Infrastructure, AMI）通过电力数据采集、分析和管理,可以优化电力供求平衡.由于AMI的建设需要巨额投资,如何评估AMI建成后节省的电量和减少的碳排放量是目前面临的一个挑战.本研究以香港为例,通过现场测量和分析不同地区不同环境条件下AMI的效能,同时基于研究区块类型、AMI的覆盖率、发电燃料组合结构、参与AMI的人口比例和相关价格激励机制等因素,建立了一套数学模式,量化评估AMI建成后节能减排的成效.结果显示,只要超过70%的人口参与,就可以实现香港政府原先制定的减少碳排放量19%～33%的目标.