流动注射在线消解测定水中总氮的实验研究

采用流动注射在线消解测定水中总氮,分析速度快、检出限低、精密度和准确度较高。总氮质量浓度在200～2000μg/L与峰面积有良好的线性关系（r=0．9997）,方法检出限为0．0056mg／L。对水源水、地表水和废水样品的加标回收率测定中,均满足《生活饮用水卫生规范》对方法的要求。在水质检出中具有较好的应用价值。     

流动注射法测定地表水中的总氮

采用流动注射法在线测定地表水中的总氮.该方法在ρ(TN)为0 mg·L-1～2.00 mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好,检出限为5.6×10-3 mg·L-1,精密度和准确度均能满足要求,而且分析速度快,试剂消耗量少,适用于大批量清洁水中总氮的测定.     

过硫酸钾消解-离子色谱法测定地表水中总氮的研究

用国标方法HJ636-2012测定地表水中总氮的过程中,过硫酸钾和氢氧化钠在220 nm对吸光度有干扰.为了消除其影响,建立过硫酸钾消解-离子色谱法测定地表水中总氮的新方法.用碱性过硫酸钾消解,采用离子色谱法测定水中总氮的浓度.总氮校准曲线线性关系良好,线性相关系数r达0.999 0,相对标准偏差(RSD％)为0.67,加标回收率为94.8％～105％,方法检出限为0.01 mg/L.该方法的精密度和准确度都能满足需求,适用于地表水中总氮的测定.     

利用流动注射方法测定污水中的总磷

应用FIA6000+型全自动流动注射分析仪,对地表水和污水处理厂进出水的总磷进行测定。方法测定的线性范围为0.02~2 mg/L,检出限为0.004 mg/L,加标回收率范围97.2%~103%。通过与国标方法 GB 11893-89进行比较,证明其适用于地表水或受污染较轻的水样中总磷的分析,并证明通过超声波消解法可提高固体颗粒多污染严重的水样的消解效率。     

在线镉柱还原—流动注射分析法测定水中总氮

采用在线镉柱还原-流动注射分析法测定水中总氮,其线性范围为0.1~20mg/L,相关系数r≥0.999,检出限为0.012mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.87%,样品测定频率为30样/小时,实际水样的加标回收率为96%-105%。     

流动注射在线UV消解测定环境水体中的总氮研究

采用San++流动分析仪在线UV消解测定环境水体中的总氮,样品浓度在0.00~5.0 mg/L与峰高有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6)。进行了标准样品考核和实际水样的流动注射法和国标方法的比对分析。实验结果表明:采用流动注射在线消解测定水中TN,其标样测定值均在保证值范围内,相对标准偏差小于3%;两种方法测定实际水样的结果无显著性差异且具有很好的一致性,加标回收实验的回收率在90.0%~97.7%之间,能满足地表水及排放废水中TN监测要求。     

流动注射测定阴离子表面活性剂不确定度的评估研究

流动注射测定阴离子表面活性剂具有分析速度快、准确度和精密度高、进样量少、对操作人员危害较小等优点.为了能够掌握流动注射测定阴离子表面活性剂数据的分散性,通过对量器体积测量、标准溶液配置、样品测量重复性、工作曲线拟合、测量仪器5个方面的不确定影响进行分析,从而得出流动注射测定阴离子表面活性剂的标准不确定度和扩展不确定度.最终测得阴离子表面活性剂测量结果为(0.489±0.016 mg/L);k=2.     

在线消解流动注射分光光度法测定废水中总氮

为了克服传统分析法消解条件苛刻,工作效率低的缺点,采用微波在线消解水样,并将流动注射分析技术与N-(1-萘基)乙二胺光度法相结合,建立了一种测定水中总氮的分析方法。通过优化试剂浓度等实验条件,总氮的检出限为0.03mg/L,线性范围为0.03～3.5mg/L。对TN-203214的标准样品进行测定的结果与推荐值基本一致。应用于废水样的测定,加标回收率为96.8%～97.3%。     

连续流动分析仪测定水体中氰化物的方法研究

文章对连续流动分析仪测定水体中氰化物的方法进行了研究.实验结果表明,在0～0.500 mg/L线性区间内该方法具有较高的精密度和准确度,其最低检出限为0.001 mg/L.与传统异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法相比,该方法具有自动进样、分析速率快、试剂耗量低等优点,可应用于大批量常规地表水分析.     

流动注射法测定地表水中总磷研究

地表水中总磷是水质评价中重要指标之一,地表水中总磷的测定方法一般采用钼酸铵分光光度法,此方法需要高压消解,再加入试剂混合反应,最终比色测定.本文运用Skalar流动注射分析仪测定地表水中总磷,对其线性范围,准确度、精密度、加标回收率进行测定研究.与传统的钼酸铵分光光度法比较,分析速度快,试剂消耗低,适用于大批量样品的分析.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.