Toxicity evaluation in a paper recycling mill effluent by coupling bioindicator of aging with the toxicity identification evaluation method in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) can be used to determine the specific toxicant(s) in industrial effluents.In the current study,the authors have attempted to combine the advantages of the model organism,Caenorhabditis elegans,with the virtues of the TIE technique,to evaluate and identify the toxicity on aging from a paper recycling mill effluent.The results indicate that only the toxicities from mixed cellulose (MC) filtration and EDTA treatment are similar to the baseline aging toxicity,suggesting ...     

Confirmation of combinational effects of calcium with other metals in a paper recycling mill effluent on nematode lifespan with toxicity identification evaluation method

We used toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) method to confirm the combinational e ects of identified toxic metals in a paper recycling mill e uent in inducing the decreased lifespan in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure to Ca + Al caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Al; and exposure to Ca + Fe induced more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Fe. Exposure to Ca+Al+Fe caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Ca+Fe. Moreover, the baseline toxicity on lifespan was doubled by doubling the concentration of combined metals (Ca+Al+Fe) in spiking test in original e uent (oe), and lifespan defects in oe+Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematodes were more severe than that in Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematode. Therefore, Ca+Al+Fe exposure may largely explain the formation of decreased lifespan induced by the examined industrial e uent. Furthermore, the observed reduction of lifespan induced by the combination of high level of Ca with other metals may be at least partially independent of the insulin-like pathway.     

利用秀丽线虫开展毒性鉴别评价技术研究

水体与沉积物毒性鉴别评价(TIE)技术是近些年来环境科学领域广泛应用的技术。秀丽线虫是目前广泛应用于环境毒物评价与毒理学研究的模式动物。在综述中,总结了利用秀丽线虫进行工业废水毒物鉴别与毒性评价的研究进展,并分析了秀丽线虫应用于TIE技术的优势以及局限性。在此基础上,对秀丽线虫在TIE技术中的进一步应用提出了相应的建议。     

石化乙烯工业废水中关键毒性物质的鉴别

借鉴美国环保署制定的毒性物质鉴别评价技术(TIE),直接从企业生产的工艺出发,结合废水的主要水质指标对某石化厂乙烯工业废水进行毒性鉴别试验,发现废水中的苯和硫化物对大型蚤具有明显的致死性,其中苯是废水中的关键毒物。所取废水对测试生物大型蚤的24 h-LC50均值为53.68%,其中主要致毒物质苯的含量大约30 mg/L。     

土壤中三价锑的老化对秀丽隐杆线虫毒性的影响

为明确老化过程对土壤外源三价锑〔Sb(Ⅲ)〕毒性的影响,结合土壤中Sb的化学分析和生物毒性测试,以模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)为测试生物,研究经Sb(Ⅲ)处理后老化7和56 d的2种土壤(安徽黄棕壤和新疆灰漠土)中不同价态Sb浓度、可提取态Sb浓度以及对线虫生长、生育、繁殖毒性的变化. 结果表明:①经Sb(Ⅲ)处理后老化56 d的安徽黄棕壤和新疆灰漠土中Sb(Ⅴ)的占比均显著高于老化7 d的土壤,与安徽黄棕壤相比,新疆灰漠土中Sb(Ⅲ)能更快地转化为毒性较低的Sb(Ⅴ). ②相较经Sb(Ⅲ)处理后老化7 d的土壤,经56 d老化的安徽黄棕壤和新疆灰漠土中可提取态Sb浓度分别下降了9.3%~36.8%和3.3%~47.0%. ③经Sb(Ⅲ)处理后老化56 d的安徽黄棕壤和新疆灰漠土对线虫生长毒性的EC₅₀(50%效应浓度)值较老化7 d的土壤分别提升1.7和2.3倍,对线虫生育毒性的EC₅₀值分别提升1.1和2.4倍,对线虫繁殖毒性的EC₅₀值分别提升1.2和1.9倍. 研究显示,老化过程可降低土壤中可提取态Sb浓度和毒性较高的Sb(Ⅲ)占比,导致外源Sb(Ⅲ)对线虫毒性的减弱,pH、有机质含量以及铁锰铝氧化物含量对土壤中Sb(Ⅲ)氧化和Sb吸附过程的影响导致外源Sb(Ⅲ)老化效应以及对线虫毒性的差异.      

利用模式动物线虫追踪造纸厂废水中酸碱类毒物的研究

在毒性鉴别评价技术TIE程序中引入模式动物线虫,并通过寿命、半数致死天数、生殖速度、生殖能力、身体运动行为等指标进行造纸厂工业废水中酸碱类毒物的毒性评价研究。结果表明,对线虫生命周期的影响程度上：2号>4号>1号>3号,对世代时间的影响程度上：2号>1号>3号?4号,对产卵数目与头部摆动频率的影响效应相当：1号?2号>3号?4号,对身体弯曲次数的影响程度上：1号?2号>3号>4号,且2号水样对线虫所有指标皆呈极显著性影响（p<0.01）。因此,造纸废水中的易受酸性影响的碱类毒物毒性相对最强,而易受碱性影响的酸类毒物以及颗粒状毒物只是对线虫具有一定程度的影响,或者影响某一特定的方面。该研究策略有效地对造纸厂工业废水中的酸碱性毒物的生态毒性进行了评价。     

制革废水和印染废水的综合毒性评估及鉴别

研究采用成组生物毒性试验(发光菌急性毒性、斑马鱼幼鱼急性毒性,斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性和小球藻急性毒性),结合理化指标,通过毒性单位、平均毒性(average toxicity,Av Tx)、毒性指数(toxic print,Tx Pr)、最敏感的测试(most sensitive test,MST)和潜在毒性效应指数(potential ecotoxic effects probe,PEEP)对不同工艺阶段印染及制革废水进行毒性削减评估.结果表明PEEP能兼顾废水排放量与毒性效应,更为客观地表征了废水综合毒性,PEEP评价结果显示制革废水和印染废水的毒性削减率分别达到36.8%和23.2%.最后,以发光菌作为受试生物,采用毒性鉴别评估(toxicity identification evaluation,TIE)技术,对印染废水进行毒性鉴别.结果表明,印染废水中主要的致毒物质为非极性有机污染,其次为可滤性化合物,然后是重金属、氧化性物质以及挥发性物质.     

毒性鉴别评估(TIE)在沉积物毒性评估中的应用

沉积物毒性评估是水污染治理的基础性工作,也是关键性工作。建立一套科学可靠的沉积物毒性评估方法,对于科学设计疏浚方案、安全高效管理疏浚工程、阐明沉积物毒性与特定污染排放物的联系以及进行生态风险评价等活动都有着重要的意义。简要回顾了沉积物毒性评估方法的发展历程,详细地介绍了美国环保局最新修订的毒性鉴别评估程序(toxicity identification evaluation,TIE)的试验方法、主要过程和受试生物的选取。并结合我国沉积物毒性评价的现状,分析了TIE方法的优点与不足,重点指出TIE在我国应用过程中可能存在的问题。目前,TIE在我国沉积物毒性评价中的应用尚处于起步阶段,希望通过文章的介绍可以促进这种方法在我国的应用。     

藻类毒物检测方法及其应用研究进展

综述了运用藻类进行毒物检测的测试方法及指标,介绍了藻类毒物测试在水生生态系统污染的检测与评价,饮用水的安全性评价,工业废水的毒性检测,及土壤生态系统的污染检测等方面的应用及其研究进展。     

Effects of UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 advanced oxidation on unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina: Implications for removal of invasive species from ballast water

The UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was investigated for ballast water treatment using Dunaliella salina as an indicator. Inactivation curves were obtained, and the toxicity of e uent was determined. Compared with individual unit processes using ozone or UV/Ag-TiO2, the inactivation e ciency of D. salina by the combined UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was enhanced. The presence of ozone caused an immediate decrease in chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration. Inactivation e ciency and chl-a removal e ciency were positively correlated with ozone dose and ultraviolet intensity. The initial total residual oxidant (TRO) concentration of e uent increased with increasing ozone dose, and persistence of TRO resulted in an extended period of toxicity. The results suggest that UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 has potential for ballast water treatment.     

铜对缘管浒苔（Enteromorpha linza）的毒性效应

研究了铜对缘管浒苔（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｍｏｒｐｈａｌｉｎｚａ）的毒性效应，试验了不同的配合剂对铜的毒性效应及累积量的影响。结果发现，铜对缘管浒苔的毒性效应阈值为０．１０ｍｇ／Ｌ；０．５０ｍｇ／ＬＣｕ￣（２＋）可使缘管浒苔迅速死亡，培养９６ｈ后光合作用强度下降为零。ＥＤＴＡ可抑制铜在藻体中的累积，缓解毒性；８－羟基喹啉则促进铜在藻体中的累积，加刷了毒性。和铜污染的培养介质短期接触（＜１ｍ后，加入足量ＥＤＴＡ，藻体生长和对照组相当，较长时间接触（＞４ｈ）后，ＥＤ－ＴＡ不能使藻恢复生长。结合ＥＤＴＡ“洗脱”实验提出，Ｃｕ￣（２＋）可能首先经离子交换机制结合于藻体表面，之后，才逐步向细胞内转移。     

Multi-biological defects caused by lead exposure exhibit transferable properties from exposed parents to their progeny in Caenorhabditis elegans

Whether the multi-biological toxicity from lead exposure could be transferred to progeny has not been clarified.In the present study,we explored the Caenorhabditis elegans to analyze the multiple toxicities from lead exposure and their possibly transferable properties.The lead exposure could cause series of severe multi-biological defects with a concentration-dependent manner by affecting the endpoints of life span,development,reproduction and locomotion behaviors in nematodes.Moreover,most of these toxicities could be transferred to progeny from lead exposed animals and some of the defects in progeny appeared even more severe than in their parents,such as the body sizes and mean life spans.We summarized the defects caused by lead exposure into three groups according to their transferable properties or rescue patterns.That is,the defects caused by lead exposure could be largely,or partially,or became even more severe in progeny animals.Therefore,our results suggest that lead exposure can cause severely multi-biological defects,and most of these multiple toxicities can be considered as transferable for exposed animals in C.elegans.     

Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal for assessing the toxicity induced by microcystin-LR

Among more than 75 variants of microcystin(MC),microcystin-LR(MC-LR) is one of the most common toxins.In this study,the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate MC-LR toxicity was studied.C.elegans was treated with MC-LR at different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 80 μg/L.The results showed that MC-LR could reduce lifespan,delay development,lengthen generation time,decrease brood size,suppress locomotion behavior,and decreases hsp-16-2-gfp expression.The endpoints of generation time,brood...     

环境样品毒性评价方法的发展及应用

在阐述毒性评价方法发展的基础上，简要介绍了成组生物检验方案，并详介毒性鉴定评价方法的基本原理，实际应用，存在问题及其发展趋势。     

Enhanced anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater with methanol addition

Coal gasification effluent is a typical refractory industrial wastewater with a very poor anaerobic biodegradability due to its toxicity.Methanol was introduced to improve anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater,and the effect of methanol addition on the performance was investigated in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 24 hr.Experimental results indicated that anaerobic treatment of coal gasification wastewater was feasible with the addition of methanol.The corresponding maximum COD and phenol removal rates were 71% and 75%,respectively,with methanol concentration of 500 mg COD/L for a total organic loading rate of 3.5 kg COD/(m3 ·day) and a phenol loading rate of 0.6 kg/(m3 ·day).The phenol removal rate was not improved with a higher methanol concentration of 1000 mg COD/L.Substrate utilization rate (SUR) tests indicated that the SURs of phenol were 106,132,and 83 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) at methanol concentrations of 250,500,and 1000 mg COD/L,respectively,and only 45 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) in the control reactor.The presence of methanol could reduce the toxicity of coal gasification wastewater and increase the biodegradation of phenolic compounds.     

化工废水处理中关键有毒物质追踪

江苏省某化工厂废水设施的进、出水经Daphnia magna急性毒性试验，结果表明该废水在处理前、后均显示毒性。采用毒性鉴别评价(TIE，toxicity identification evaluation)的试验程序，对处理系统的进、出水进行了关键毒物的鉴别和评价。发现进水中存在的关键毒物为金属铜离子，而出水中存在的关键毒物为氨。该厂原废水毒性已基本被去除，毒性去除率为99．93％。因此，在该厂废水处理过程中金属离子尤其是铜离子已基本被去除，而氨在废水处理中的去除并不明显。     

久效磷对秀丽隐杆线虫运动、学习和觅食行为的影响

久效磷(MCP)是一种广谱类内吸附性有机磷农药和潜在的神经毒剂,能够对非靶生物产生神经毒性作用,而行为毒性是神经毒性的主要表现形式. 以运动、学习与觅食行为、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性为指标,研究了久效磷对非靶生物——秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans,下称线虫)行为的影响. 结果显示:经0.5、5.0和50.0 mg/L久效磷暴露后,各暴露组线虫头部摆动和身体弯曲频率均极显著降低,0.5 mg/L暴露组线虫向前摆动频率显著减少,5.0和50.0 mg/L暴露组线虫向前摆动频率极显著减少;5.0和50.0 mg/L暴露组线虫在NaCl存在和缺少食物条件下,对NaCl的趋向性极显著升高;与对照组相比,50.0 mg/L暴露组线虫菌落接触率在2、4、6、8 h时均显著降低,在24 h时极显著降低;各暴露组线虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性均受到极显著抑制. 表明久效磷能够导致线虫运动、学习与觅食行为的严重缺陷,乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制与久效磷对线虫运动行为的影响呈正相关,与其学习行为的影响呈负相关.      

Assessing the estrogenic potency in a Portuguese wastewater treatment plant using an integrated approach

The estrogenic potency of a wastewater treatment plant(WWTP) was evaluated using chemical and biological analyses,which showed that after the station treatment processes some of the selected endocrine disruptor compounds(EDCs) were still present in the treated effuent(e.g.,bisphenol A,alkylphenols,estrone) .Thus,the most common endocrine EDCs were identified and quantified and the overall estrogenicity of the treated effuent assessed by integrating the results.Male goldfish(Carassius auratus) were used as biological indicators in a 28-day experiment.Vitellogenin(Vtg) ,gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices,steroids(17β-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone) and histopathology were biomarkers used in fish to evaluate WWTP treated effuent estrogenicity,in combination with instrumental analyses.The results showed a significant increase(P0.01) in plasma and liver Vtg,which were significantly correlated(r=0.66;P0.01) .The gonadosmatic index was significantly(P0.01) reduced in exposed fish.The steroid analyses revealed significant elevations in 17β-estradiol and depressed 11-ketotestosterone concentrations.The histological examinations show changes in exposed fish gonads,such as regressed testes and in some cases(43%to 75%) the development of ovo-testis in fish exposed to 50% and 100% treated effuent.     

Characteristics of contaminants in water and sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater e uent

Constructed wetland (CW) is the preferred means of controlling water quality because of its natural treatment mechanisms and function as a secondary or tertiary treatment unit. CW is increasingly applied in Korea for secondary e uent of livestock wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to recognize the characteristics of contaminants in the accumulated sediment at the bottom soil layer and to reduce the phosphorus release from sediments of the free water surface CW for the treatment of secondary piggery wastewater e uent from a livestock wastewater treatment facility. The results revealed that the dominant phosphorus existence types at near the inlet of the CW were non-apatite phosphorus (59%) and residual phosphorus (32%) suggesting that most of the particles of the influent are made up of inorganic materials and dead cells. Sediment accumulation is important when determining the long-term maintenance requirements over the lifetime of CW. Continuous monitoring will be performed for a further assessment of the CW system and design.     

Screening of agonistic activities against four nuclear receptors in wastewater treatment plants in Japan using a yeast two-hybrid assay

To assess the potential endocrine disruptive effects through multiple nuclear receptors(NRs),especially non-steroidal NRs,in municipal wastewater,we examined the agonistic activities on four NRs(estrogen receptor α,thyroid hormone receptor α,retinoic acid receptor α and retinoid X receptor α) of untreated and treated wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) in Japan using a yeast two-hybrid assay.Investigation of the influent and effluent of seven WWTPs revealed that agonistic activities...