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生物吸附法去除重金属离子的研究进展 总被引:42,自引:13,他引:29
本文对生物吸附去除重金属污染的研究和应用现状进行了综合评述.首先,介绍了细菌、真菌、藻类这3类研究较多的生物吸附剂,比较了它们对重金属离子的吸附容量,并简要介绍了一些新型的吸附剂.然后,讨论了生物吸附的影响因素、吸附机理、吸附剂的预处理和固定化、吸附等温式和吸附动力学模型等.最后,介绍了生物吸附法的应用情况.本文还展望了生物吸附法研究和应用的两个可能发展方向,一是利用包括生物吸附在内的多种工艺的综合技术,特别是利用活细胞来处理实际废水.二是开发出类似于离子交换树脂的商业化生物吸附剂,并努力开拓商业市场. 相似文献
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吸附法是去除污水中典型药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)的重要手段之一。在梳理各类吸附剂对典型PPCPs去除效果的基础上,结合吸附剂类型和操作条件评述了不同吸附剂对典型PPCPs的去除效率、吸附机理,及影响其吸附效果的因素。总体而言,目前针对吸附法去除典型PPCPs的研究仍存在一些不足,吸附机理研究尚不成熟。关于吸附法去除水中典型PPCPs的研究主要集中在去除效率提升方面,有关典型PPCPs在吸附中的传质过程、发生机理及吸附的控制步骤是未来应该加强的重点研究领域。 相似文献
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《环境科学与技术》2017,(5)
将铁盐与铜盐在碱性条件下共沉淀后,经低温干燥制备了铁铜双金属氧化物。考察投加量、初始浓度、共存阴离子对铁铜双金属氧化物吸附Sb(Ⅲ)性能的影响,并对吸附动力学、等温吸附特征和热力学进行了系统的研究。结果表明:吸附在24 h后达到平衡,在p H为5.0,温度为25℃,0.03 g铁铜双金属氧化物对40 mg/L Sb(Ⅲ)的去除率为81.30%,去除能力达到108.41 mg/g。该吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich等温吸附模型,反应的吉布斯自由能ΔG0,为自发反应。机理分析表明铁铜双金属氧化物去除溶液中Sb(Ⅲ)主要以物理吸附为主,吸附剂经过4次吸附、解析再生后,对Sb(Ⅲ)去除效果不错。 相似文献
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煤矸石活化制作吸附材料的初步研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
叙述了几种煤矸石和石煤的物理化学性质、岩性、矿物组成 ;讨论了该材料的物理和化学吸附机理,研究了煤矸石活化的焙烧温度、活化剂及制造条件 ;并讨论了活化矸石对污水中COD和金属离子吸附性能的影响因素,为煤矸石的深度加工和利用开辟了一条新途径 相似文献
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静态旋流作为湿法烟气脱硫中一种强化传质的方式,对其发展现状与趋势展开研究。分析了旋流吸收器的内部气相速度场以及强化传质的过程原理,综合比较了各类气液接触的脱硫方式、脱硫剂的特征,确定了在运行范围内脱硫剂浓度、气液流速、SO2浓度等操作参数对于脱硫效率η和气相总体积传质系数Kga的影响及其机理,剖析了利用传质理论进行旋流吸收的研究及发展,介绍了旋流脱硫的工业应用。结果表明:静态旋流有助于脱硫传质过程的强化,在工况范围内,吸收液浓度、气液流速的增加,提高了η和Kga,但随着SO2浓度的增加,η及Kga略有下降,分别最高下降7.1%和0.75 s-1,总工况范围内η和Kga分别为68.58%~97.63%和5.08~8.46 s-1。研究结果可对基于旋流强化的工业烟气脱硫提供参考。 相似文献
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采用哌嗪等二元胺和二乙醇胺为吸收剂,对模拟烟气进行SO2的吸收解吸实验研究,筛选出性能优异的吸收剂,并考察添加剂H2 S O 4对其性能的影响。实验表明:可再生胺类吸收剂脱硫率可接近100%,二元胺吸收剂较醇胺的SO 2吸收量大、pH值随时间变化慢、首次解吸率高;羟乙基支链对胺类吸收剂的抗氧化能力、SO2吸收量和首次解吸率均有影响,环状二元胺比链状二元胺的抗氧化能力好、首次解吸率高;在N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪溶液中添加硫酸构成N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪/H 2S O 4脱硫体系后,脱硫率未受影响、SO2吸收量变小、首次解吸率显著提高,具有更好的循环使用性能。 相似文献
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Hongyu Gao Zhenzhen Song Weijun Zhang Xiaofang Yang Xuan Wang Dongsheng Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(3):68-77
Water quenching blast furnace slag(WQBFS) is widely produced in the blast furnace iron making process. It is mainly composed of CaO, MgO, Al_2O_3, and SiO_2 with low contents of other metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Ti, K and Na. In this study, WQBFS was treated with grinding, hydrochloric acid acidification, filtration, filtrate extraction by alkali liquor and a hydration reaction. Then BFS micropowder(BFSMP), BFS acidified solid(BFSAS) and BFS acid-alkali precipitate(BFSAP) were obtained, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET)specific surface area. The decoloration efficiency for Methyl Orange(MO) was used to evaluate the adsorptive ability of the three absorbents. The effects of adsorptive reaction conditions(p H and temperature of solution, reaction time, sorbent dosage and initial concentration) on MO removal were also investigated in detail. The results indicated that BFSAP performed better in MO removal than the other two absorbents. When the p H value of MO solutions was in the range 3.0–13.0, the degradation efficiency of a solution with initial MO concentration of 25 mg/L reached 99.97% for a reaction time of 25 min at 25°C.The maximum adsorption capacity of BFSAP for MO was 167 mg/g. Based on optimized experiments, the results conformed with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Among inorganic anions, SO_4~(2-)and PO_4~(3-)had significant inhibitory effects on MO removal in BFSAP treatment due to ion-exchange adsorption. 相似文献
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《Advances in Environmental Research》2000,4(2):147-162
This paper reports on research conducted at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) for the development of durable metal oxide-based sorbents for fluidized-bed desulfurization of coal-derived fuel gases in the moderate temperature range of 350–550°C, which is currently of industrial interest. This study has systematically considered copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) oxides as bases for developing regenerable sorbents. The sorbent formulations prepared, their sulfidation performance and regenerability, and the physical and chemical properties of a select group of sorbents are presented and discussed. The results from multi-cycle evaluation tests of a few sorbents in a packed-bed reactor are also presented. The results of attrition resistance tests carried out according to the ASTM D 5757-95 method are also presented and their implications discussed in detail. Sorbents based on copper oxide were found to possess the best combination of high attrition resistance and sulfidation reactivity, sulfur removal efficiency, and pre-breakthrough conversion in the moderate temperature range of 350–550°C. Encouraging results were also obtained with sorbents based on manganese oxide; however, their regeneration necessitates very high temperatures that cannot be accommodated by current desulfurization systems requiring regeneration ignition temperatures of approximately 550°C. No sorbent based on iron oxide was found to have sufficient reactivity in the moderate temperature range. 相似文献
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为了解决目前气体电离放电脱硫方法存在的等离子源体积庞大、能耗高、以及需要依靠传统脱硫方法的协同作用等问题.拟用小流量高浓度氧活性粒子[O2+、O(1D)、O(3P)、O3]及引发剂HO2-分别注入烟道中,与烟气中H2O反应生成·OH;在无吸收剂、无催化剂及没有其他技术协同作用下,进行·OH氧化脱除大烟气量中的微量SO2并生成H2SO4的实验.结果表明:烟气温度为30℃,氧活性粒子与SO2摩尔比为3~4时,脱硫率达到94.6%,回收酸液中SO42-浓度达到9.3g/L. 相似文献
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RnAlZrX3改性酚醛活性炭泡沫脱硫脱硝研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研发了改性酚醛活性炭泡沫用于燃煤烟气的脱硫脱硝。以偶联剂RnAlZrX3作为改性剂,对酚醛炭泡沫进行金属负载改性。研究了外改性法及内改性法对酚醛活性炭泡沫表面物理结构和化学性质的影响,并进行模拟烟气脱硫脱硝实验。结果表明:样品的比表面积CFZr-n >CFZr >CF0(酚醛炭泡沫的比表面积对比结果为铝锆偶联剂内改性大于铝锆偶联剂外改性大于未改性泡沫);改性后的酚醛活性炭泡沫均保留了CF0的苯环结构;改性后Zr金属主要以单质和氧化物形式存在。通过内改性后,CFZr-n的脱硫效率提高8.8%,脱硝效率提高79%,而采用外改性后的CFZr的脱硫效率降低7.8%,脱硝效率降低10.3%,CFZr-n的脱硫脱硝效率最高。说明RnAlZrX3内改性有利于酚醛活性炭泡沫脱硫脱硝。 相似文献