氟化物对工人淋巴细胞SCE的诱发

研究表明,磷肥生产中向空气排放的氟化氢和四氟化硅可诱发人血淋巴细胞SCE增高,可使细胞有丝分裂指数下降,使细胞分裂周期迟缓。随接触年限的增加,SCE频率提高。然而接触氟空气污染约10年左右,人体对氟损害所产生的适应机制能够显著降低氟对遗传物质所造成的损伤。吸烟可加重氟化物对SCE的诱发,且吸烟年限越长,这种效应就越显著。     

二硫化碳对作业工人心血管系统的影响

对80名接触二硫化碳的生产工人进行了血脂和心血管系统影响的调查.结果显示,接触组的收缩压和舒张压均值与对照组相比,均明显增高(收缩压t=4.15,P＜0.01;舒张压t=2.89,P＜0.01);心电图异常和高血压发生率两组相比,接触组亦明显高于对照组,差异有极显著性意义(心电图异常χ2=23.06,P＜0.01;高血压χ2=18.03,P＜0.01);但血脂(TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C)检查,两组相比,差别均无显著性意义(P均＞0.05).研究显示,较长时间接触二硫化碳对心血管系统可产生影响,表现为血压升高,心电功能异常.     

Benzene and lead exposure assessment among occupational bus drivers in Bangkok traffic

IntroductionAirpollutionproblemsasaresultoffastgrowthinthetotalnumberofvehiclesinurbancitiesareontheincrease .PreliminaryepidemiologicalexposureassessmentsuggestthatthedetrimentaleffectofairpollutiongeneratedbyvehiculartrafficindevelopingcitieslikeBangkok…     

Health implication among occupational exposed workers in a chromium alloy factory, Thailand

IntroductionNationalStatisticalOffice ,Thailand (NSO ,2 0 0 0 )reportedthattheneedformetalmanufacturingindustriesandassociatedproductionsectorhasincreasedatanextremelyrapidrate ,especiallyinthecentralpartofThailand .Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan 10 0 …     

噪声作业工人血脂水平调查

为了解噪声对接噪工人血脂代谢的影响,选择381名噪声作业工人为观察组,328名不接触噪声职工作为对照组,对两组进行血脂水平检测.结果显示,噪声组的总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TC)明显高于对照组(P＜0.001和＜0.01);TC、TC的异常检出率也高于对照组(P＜0.005和＜0.05).两组间同年龄、同性别的血脂含量及血脂异常检出率存在较大差异.接噪工龄增加,TC均值增大(P＜0.01).调查表明噪声对作业工人的血脂代谢有不良影响,应将血脂含量测定作为噪声作业工人健康监护的项目之一.     

对苯二甲酸、乙二醇和氢化三联苯对职业人群健康影响的研究

目的研究长期接触对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、氢化三联苯对职业人群健康状况的影响,为职业健康监护提供依据。方法采用职业流行病学的方法,在对某化纤公司进行劳动卫生学调查的基础上,分析对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、氢化三联苯接触工人心血管系统及肝肾功能的变化。结果接触组平均接触工龄为16年,接触组和对照组人群高血压检出率分别为13．41％,19.21％;接触组WBC、RBC、HGB、PLT、ALT、GGT、ALP、HBsAg异常检出率分别为9．76％,13．12％,8．66％,11．17％,19．83％,14．24％,2．51％,8.38％;对照组上述指标的异常检出率分别为13．36％,9．09％,11．76％,12．29％,19．25％,13．36％,1．61％,9.09％。经统计学检验。两组人群各检出率无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、氢化三联苯在很低浓度情况及企业做好防护措施的情况下对职业人群的心血管系统及肝肾损害不大。     

某石化企业化验岗位工人苯系物接触现状调查

为了解某石化企业化验岗位工人与苯系物接触现状,对该企业6个化验岗位进行了苯系物职业危害因素检测。结果表明：化工厂一工段油品室、乙烯化验车间、乙烯质检中心油品组苯超标严重。通过综合分析,对今后该企业化验岗位苯系物危害因素治理提出了建议。     

苯作业工人外周血淋巴细胞的细胞遗传学分析

选用外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变（CA）率和微核细胞（MN）率两项指标对两个厂苯作业工人进行了研究分析,结果表明,在3种平均浓度54,108和219mg/m³,苯接触组和对照组比较CA率和MN率均有显著性差异,且未发现二者间有线性相关,提示二者形成机制不完全相同,且较低浓度下苯的遗传毒性应引起重视。     

基于健康风险评价的职业接触限值合理性分析

根据国家卫生部颁布GBZ2.1-2007《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值化学有害因素》,选取苯、甲苯、硝基苯及二硝基甲苯作为评级因子,运用健康风险评价的方法,计算出在其接触浓度限值下的致癌风险值和非致癌风险指数,根据计算结果评价职业接触限值的合理性。评价结果表明:GBZ2.1-2007中的苯、甲苯、硝基苯及二硝基甲苯的接触限值是不合理的,长期暴露于该浓度限值下将会对人体健康产生不利影响。     

工业废弃场地再开发的环境评估：Ⅱ健康风险评估

工业废弃场地往往受到严重的土壤地下水污染,再开发往往会给公众带来潜在健康风险。对河南某城市一工业废弃污染场地进行了健康风险评估。根据未来土地利用状况,分剐对居住场景和建筑场景的健康风险进行了评估。在居住场景下,总石油烃会引起较高的非致癌风险,而苯会通过口腔摄入和呼吸摄入导致较高的致癌风险。假如长期饮用MW—1附近区域的地下水时,苯和总石油烃会给居民带来不可接受的非致癌风险。同时苯还会带来较高的致癌风险。在建筑场景下,由于较短的暴露周期,场地污染不会带来不可接受的风险。为保护未来居民的健康,应当在场地开发为住宅小区前进行污染区域的修复。     

Exposure to Airborne Noroviruses and Other Bioaerosol Components at a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Denmark

Exposure to bioaerosols associated with wastewater treatment processes may represent an occupational health risk for workers at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). A high frequency of acute symptoms in the gastrointestinal tract among the wastewater workers at a Danish WWTP has been reported. The objective of the study was therefore to examine the exposure of the workers to aerosolised microorganisms. Sampling of inhalable endotoxin, bacteria, moulds and viruses was performed on one occasion using personal samplers. Noroviruses (NoVs) and endotoxin were detected at concentrations that could pose an occupational health risk and possibly contribute to the increased frequency of gastrointestinal illness among the workers and should therefore be investigated further. In addition, positive correlations between exposure to endotoxin, bacteria, moulds and NoVs were found and indicate that the exposure to bioaerosols may be related to work tasks. This is the first study directly showing an occupational exposure to airborne NoVs by its detection in airborne dust.     

石化企业苯类物质非密闭操作过程的职业暴露分析

采用职业卫生学调查和职业暴露风险评估方法,对选定的苯类物质非密闭操作过程较集中的芳烃装置进行职业暴露分析和评估,为石化企业苯类物质的健康风险控制提供依据。     

制苯装置职业病危害调查及关键控制点分析

通过识别和分析制苯生产装置的职业病危害因素,确定职业病危害的关键控制点,提出了防护措施对策,应重点加强作业人员接触有毒物质苯、硫化氢关键控制点的职业卫生管理。     

A review of atmospheric benzene homologues in China: Characterization, health risk assessment, source identification and countermeasures

Benzene homologues are important chemical precursors to the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere, in addition, some toxic species are harmful to human health. Strict countermeasures have been taken to fight air pollution since 2013, and total amount control of volatile organic compounds is being promoted in China at present. Therefore, it is important to understand the pollution situation and the control status of ambient benzene homologues in China. This paper reviews research progress from published papers on pollution characteristics, atmospheric photochemical reactivity, health risk assessment and source identification of ambient benzene homologues in recent years in China, and also summarizes policies and countermeasures for the control of ambient benzene homologues and the relevant achievements. The total ambient levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) shows a declining tendency from 2001 to 2016 in China. The mass concentrations of BTEX are generally higher in southern regions than in northern regions, and they present vertical decreasing variation characteristics with increasing altitude within the height range of about 5500 m. Toluene has the highest ozone formation potential and SOA formation potential both in urban areas and background areas, while benzene poses an obvious carcinogenic risk to the exposed adult populations in urban areas. Source identification of ambient benzene homologues suggested that local governments should adopt differentiated control strategies for ambient benzene homologues. Several recommendations are put forward for future research and policy-making on the control of ambient benzene homologues in China.     

炼化企业装置检修期间职业病危害因素分析与控制

目的分析及控制炼化企业装置检修期间职业病危害因素。方法选择某炼化企业正在检修的6套装置及污水处理系统,在40个检修现场设置113个采样点,进行职业病危害因素识别、检测及个人防护情况调查。结果氨、乙二醇、环氧乙烷、硫化氢、苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度不超标。焦炭尘、电焊尘、锰及其无机化合物、噪声指标超过国家职业卫生标准,超标点主要在焊接、清洗除焦、吹扫等作业。参加检修人员个体防护用品佩戴不合格。结论应建立炼化企业装置检修期间职业卫生管理制度,加强检修期间的职业卫生监督,做好检修人员职业病防治工作。     

汽车涂料生产环节VOCs的排放特征及安全评价

选择某汽车涂料的生产车间为研究对象,根据汽车涂料生产工艺的不同环节,在3个生产车间选定了8个采样点,用气质联用仪分析了汽车涂料车间内不同生产环节的挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的种类及浓度水平,并通过比较各种VOC的浓度与国家卫生部规定的工作场所有毒物质职业接触限值中短时接触容许浓度,对车间工人健康的影响进行了评价.结果表明,汽车涂料生产车间内共检测出15种主要的VOCs,包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲基异丁基酮、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、三甲苯、乙二醇丁醚等,其浓度检出范围为0.51~593.14 mg·m-3.生产车间各生产环节处TVOCs浓度显著不同,同一生产环节不同批次的气体样品中VOCs浓度也存在较大差异.二甲苯和乙酸丁酯是生产车间室内空气的主要VOCs.在生产高峰期部分VOCs浓度超过了工作场所有毒物质职业接触限值,需采取相应控制措施以保障工人健康.     

电子垃圾拆解工人的肝功能和肾功能健康状况及影响因素分析:以清远市龙塘镇为例

高浓度水平的重金属、持久性有机污染物(POPs)等的环境暴露对电子垃圾拆解工人健康的影响,近年来已引起了人们的广泛关注.以电子垃圾拆解工人的肝功能和肾功能健康状况为研究对象,通过比较电子垃圾拆解工人和对照组人群血液中肝功能和肾功能指标的情况,同时结合性别、年龄、职业暴露时间等因素的相关分析,分析电子垃圾拆解工人肝、肾功能的健康状况及影响因素,研究肝肾功能指标对环境污染物造成健康损害的敏感程度.结果表明,广东清远龙塘镇电子垃圾拆解工人肝功能指标谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶(AST/ALT)及直接胆红素(DBIL)显著低于对照组,但肝功能与肾功能的异常率与对照组均无显著差异;男性工人肝功能、肾功能指标的异常率较女性工人高;电子垃圾拆解工人肝功能指标AST/ALT和肾功能指标尿素氮(BUN)与年龄呈正相关,肌酐(CREA)指标与电子垃圾拆解从业时间呈正相关;肝功能ALT、AST/ALT指标及肾功能BUN、CREA指标作为评价有机污染物造成的肝、肾功能损伤具有较好敏感性,肝功能DBIL指标作为评价多种污染物共同作用造成的肝功能损伤具有较好敏感性.     

Nitro-PAH exposures of occupationally-exposed traffic workers and associated urinary 1-nitropyrene metabolite concentrations

The assessment of occupational exposure to diesel exhaust(DE) is important from an epidemiological perspective. Urinary biomarkers of exposure have been proposed as a novel approach for measuring exposure to DE. In this study, we measured the concentrations of two urinary metabolites of 1-nitropyrene(1NP), a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has been suggested as a molecular marker of diesel particulate matter. These two metabolites, 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were determined in urine samples(10 m L) from a small group of workers who were occupationally-exposed to vehicle exhaust in Trujillo, Peru, before and after their workshifts. Workshift exposures to1 NP, as well as PM_(2.5), 2-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluoranthene, were also measured.Exposures to 1NP were similar in all studied workers, averaging 105 ± 57.9 pg/m~3(±standard deviation). Median urinary concentrations of the average of the pre- and post-exposure samples for 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were found to be 3.9 and 2.3 pg metabolite/mg creatinine, respectively in the group of occupationally-exposed subjects(n = 17) studied. A direct relationship between workshift exposure to 1NP and urinary 1NP metabolites concentrations was not observed. However,the 1NP exposures and the creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of the hydroxynitropyrene metabolites in these Peruvian traffic workers were similar to occupationally-exposed taxi drivers in Shenyang, China, and were higher than biomarker levels in office workers from Trujillo without occupational exposure to vehicle exhaust.This study provides further evidence that urinary metabolites of 1NP are associated with exposure to DE and may serve as a useful exposure biomarker.     

某炼化企业分析化验专业职业危害预防探析

通过对可能导致分析化验专业职工职业状况欠佳原因的查找和分析,确定影响分析化验专业职业健康的职业危害主要是苯及苯系物、硫化氢等化学类因素,其中苯及含苯类油品、污水对分析化验专业职工长期的职业健康影响尤其显著,针对过去几年该专业白细胞初检检查结果不合格人员的综合身体素质以及工作岗位进行追踪和调研,并依此提出加强职业卫生管理、加强职工职业卫生防范意识培训、提高防护措施和监控手段、开展实验室通风系统改造等改措施,为进一步改善该专业从业职工职业健康状况提供参考依据。     

蛋白质加合物作为分子生物标志物的分析研究

为了探索研究用人的静脉血中蛋白质 -环氧苯乙烯加合物作为人接触苯乙烯的分子生物标志物的可行性 ,用改进的 Ra-Ni方法分析测定蛋白质 -环氧苯乙烯加合物 .收集大白鼠鲜血与环氧苯乙烯体外反应的加合物样品 ,用定量苯乙烯 ,环氧苯乙烯染毒的大白鼠血样品和 2个现场接触苯乙烯的工人静脉血 (石棉厂 ,钢琴厂 )样品 ,测所有样品里的蛋白质加合物 .结果表明体外反应样品 ,所测的蛋白质 -环氧苯乙烯加合物与环氧苯乙烯剂量有较好的相关性 ;动物实验样品所测的蛋白质加合物分别与注射环氧苯乙烯 ,苯乙烯剂量呈较好的相关性 ;现场人群的样品 ,所测石棉厂的人群血中蛋白质加合物与接触苯乙烯剂量有一定的相关性 ,而钢琴厂的人群血样中所测的蛋白质加合物与接触苯乙烯剂量相关性不明显 .根据蛋白质 -环氧苯乙烯加合物与剂量的关系 ,初步确认用血红蛋白中的半胱氨酸 -环氧苯乙烯加合物作为人接触苯乙烯的分子标志物有可行性 .同时为用蛋白质 -环氧苯乙烯加合物作为人接触低浓度苯乙烯的分子生物标志物提供可靠的现场实验数据 .