混凝法处理肉联厂废水

聚合氯化硫酸铝铁和聚合氯化硫酸铝混凝剂处理ＣＯＤ为１５００－２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ肉联厂废水的最佳工艺条件：ＰＨ范围为６．２－８．５搅拌速度为１６０转／分；搅拌时间１５ｍｉｎ，一次处理混凝剂投加量为２００ｍｇ／Ｌ，沉降时间３００ｍｉｎ，ＣＯＤ去除率在９０％以上，达到国家二级排放标准。若分二次混凝处理效果更佳，一次混凝处理后，经无烟煤－石英砂滤柱过滤，出水的ＰＨ、ＳＳ、ＣＯＤ均达到国家一级排放标准。     

乳化液的破乳与可生化性研究

根据混凝破乳处理乳化废液的实验参数，考察了混凝出水的可生化性。结果表明，ＰＢＴ混凝剂，具有良好的破乳效果，ＣＯＤｃｒ和油的平均去除率，分别达９０％与９９％以上，混凝出水ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤｃｒ可达０．４２－０．４６；间歇曝气实验及呼吸耗氧速率曲线表明，ＰＢＴ混凝出水，宜进行生化处理。     

废纸脱墨废水混凝性能研究

对脱墨废水混凝处理的混凝剂和助凝剂的种类和用量进行了试验．结果表明：ＰＩＯ较硫酸铝混凝性能好，添加少量ＰＡＭ助凝剂有利于絮凝物的沉降，脱墨废水中ＳＳ、ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＢＯＤ５的去除率分别达到８５．４％，７８．２％和７１．７％．     

炼铁厂煤气洗涤废水净化处理技术与实践

介绍了采用混凝沉淀法———加注高分子混凝剂聚丙烯酰胺处理煤气洗涤水，使水中污染因子ＳＳ去除率达８４５％以上；ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率达６１８％以上；氰化物和挥发酚也有不同程度的削减，实现了废水循环利用。     

混凝氧化吸附法处理精研精抛清洗废液

采用混凝氧化吸附法处理精研精抛清洗废液，对６种混凝剂的ＰＨ值、投加量及氧化剂Ｈ２Ｏ２的投加量进行了筛选，同时简单地分析了混凝氧化反应机理，经混凝氧化处理后，ＣＯＤ值由１２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ降至５００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右，ＣＯＤ去除率达９５％；最后进行活性碳吸附，ＣＯＤ值达到国家排放标准。     

硫酸亚铁酸洗废液在制革废水处理中的应用

用混凝沉淀－微滤工艺对制革废水进行试验研究。结果表明,用含硫酸亚铁酸洗废液作混凝剂是行之有效的,经此工艺处理后,ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ_５、ＳＳ和色度的去除率分别为８０．４％、８７．２％、８８．６％和９１．７％,处理后废水水质达到排放标准,而且其中５０％回用于生产。此工艺具有很好的应用前景,尤其适合北方寒冷地区。     

植物油精炼废水处理工艺研究

采用ＰＦＣ物化混凝破乳及ＰＡＣ生物处理技术，对炼油、皂脚混合废水处理工艺进行了研究。结果表明，该废水在ＰＨ为９－１３．ＣＯＤＣＲ为１万－１０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，采用ＰＦＳ混凝破乳，ＰＡＣ生物处理后，ＣＯＤＣＲ和ＢＯＤ５总去除率分别为９９．６％和９９．４％。废水经过处理，含渍量，ＣＯＤＣＲ、ＢＯＤ５、色度，ＰＨ等指标中达标排放。     

混凝氧化法处理精研精抛清洗废液

采用混凝、氧化的方法对精研精抛清洗废液进行处理，对絮凝过程中所用的６种混凝剂的投加量ｐＨ值和氧化过程中的氧化试剂Ｈ２Ｏ２的投加量分别进行了筛选，同时简单地分析了反应机理．经混凝氧化处理后，ＣＯＤ值由１２００ｍｇ／ｍＬ降至５００ｍｇ／ｍＬ左右，ＣＯＤ去除率达９５％；最后进行活性炭吸附，ＣＯＤ值达到国家排放标准．     

混凝——接触氧化处理毛纺染色废水

采用混凝－－接触氧化法处理毛纺染色废水，ＣＯＤ平均去除率为７６．７％，色度平均去除率为９５．７％的效果。各项指标均符合排放要求。     

洁霉素生产废水处理的研究

采用水解（酸化）－二段投菌生物接触氧化－混凝工艺处理浓度洁霉素废水,中试结果表明：进水ＣＯＤ浓度为３５００－５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围时,出水ＣＯＤ平均去除率大于９５％,进水ＢＯＤ浓度为１０００－１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围时,出水ＢＯＤ平均去除率大于９６％,各项指标达到国家ＧＢ８９７８－８８排放标准。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.