绿化树种对大气金属污染物吸滞能力

研究测定了部分城市绿化树种对重金属大气铅、镉污染物的吸滞能力。结果表明：绿化树种对大气铅、镉污染物具有一定的吸收净化能力，并依污染气体和树种的不同具有明显差异；对铅吸收量高的树种有：桑树、黄金树、榆树、早树、梓树；吸镉量高的树种有：美青杨、桑树、早树、榆树、梓树、刺槐。     

草甘膦铵盐暴露对乌龟胚胎发育、孵出幼体运动及学习表现的影响

草甘膦暴露可能对某些水生动物具有致死及亚致死毒性,但未见有涉及龟鳖类动物的行为毒理学的研究报道。用不同浓度草甘膦铵盐处理孵化中的乌龟卵来检测草甘膦暴露对其胚胎发育、孵出幼体大小、翻身能力以及空间学习能力的影响。结果表明,2～2 000 mg·L~(-1)浓度范围内的草甘膦铵盐暴露并不会影响乌龟卵孵化成功率、胚胎发育速率以及孵出个体的体质量和翻身时间,但对孵出幼体的空间学习能力产生一定影响。较高浓度的草甘膦铵盐暴露会导致孵出幼体的觅食时间延长、觅食过程中的运动距离增大。因此,胚胎期草甘膦铵盐暴露可能对乌龟孵出幼体的后续生长和存活有一定的负面效应。     

腐殖质氧化还原和电子转移特性研究进展

腐殖质在无氧和有氧条件下都具有一定的氧化还原能力,其氧化还原能力与氧化还原电势有关,而腐殖质的氧化还原电势受芳香度、取代基类型、取代位置等因素影响.除氧化还原能力外,腐殖质还能介导电子转移,其电子转移能力受腐殖质结构和所处环境两大因素影响.水体腐殖酸比土壤和沉积物腐殖酸具有相对较小的电子接受能力(EAC)和较大的提供电子能力(EDC);p H、温度、光照、氧气条件和微生物活动等因素均对腐殖质氧化能力和电子转移能力具有重要影响.腐殖质可以介导重金属和有机污染物的还原降解,不同重金属还原反应效率差异较大,其中Fe(Ⅲ)盐还原速率最高;有机污染物降解速率从大到小为六氯乙烷(HCE)>四氯化碳>三溴甲烷.目前在腐殖质氧化还原特性和电子转移能力研究中还存在诸多不足,需要广大学者做进一步探究.     

蚯蚓再生能力的研究

将赤子爱胜蚓从特定部位切断，得到有头无尾、无头无尾、无头有尾3种类型18个处理体段，在20℃人工气候箱中培养，观察其再生情况。结果发现，剪切处理后的蚯蚓体段在10d左右开始再生，且从头至尾都有再生能力。但不同体段的蚯蚓再生能力不同，有头无尾、无头无尾的体段再生速度比无头有尾体的要快，其中，无头无尾蚯蚓体段的头部、尾部都可以再生，但尾部再生的速度显著高于头部，剪切后所剩蚯蚓体段的多少对蚯蚓存活率有很大影响所剩的体节数越多，蚯蚓体段的死亡率降低，两者呈正相关关系。     

能力建设：加强中国的再生能源工业

本文讨论了过去18年在中国进行可再生能源能力建设活动的实例。主要是把情况传递给国际组织，使他们做出更好的决策，通过这些组织，把可以共享的有关可再生能源技术和情报在中国和其他国家推广。     

我院护理系相关教师课堂教学调查报告与分析讨论

课堂教学是教学的主要形式，也是教师向学生传授知识的重要手段，更是教学质量的关键环节．本文对我院护理系任课教师课堂教学学生评教测评调查结果进行了总结分析，并提出了一些讨论性意见。     

镉胁迫对不同镉富集能力海水养殖贝类抗氧化能力的影响——以扇贝和菲律宾蛤仔为例

为研究具有不同镉(Cd)富集能力的扇贝和菲律宾蛤仔在相同镉胁迫环境下的抗氧化能力反应的差异,将2种贝类于0.05mg·L-1Cd环境中暴露10 d,分别于第0天、2天、4天、6天、8天、10天分别取样检测内脏团中SOD、CAT、GPx、GST酶活性和GSH含量,同时分析内脏团中Cd的含量。结果表明,对于Cd胁迫组,扇贝和菲律宾蛤仔内脏团中SOD和CAT酶活反应相似,均呈先被诱导后被抑制的规律,且2种贝类的SOD和CAT活性差异较小。2种贝类内脏团中GSH含量、GST和GPx活性变化差异较大:扇贝内脏团中GSH含量显著降低(p0.05),GST和GPx活性均在第2天和第4天时处于显著诱导状态(p0.05),从第6天时处于抑制状态,而菲律宾蛤仔内脏团中GSH含量、GST和GPx活性在Cd暴露期间无显著变化,且2种贝类间比较,扇贝内脏团中GSH含量和GST活性在整个实验期间始终显著高于菲律宾蛤仔(p0.05),GPx活性从第4天开始高于菲律宾蛤仔;对于无镉污染的对照组,扇贝和菲律宾蛤仔内脏团中SOD、CAT和GPx活性无显著差异,但扇贝内脏团中GSH含量和GST活性显著高于菲律宾蛤仔,其中前者GSH含量约为后者的22倍。研究同时表明在相同镉环境下扇贝内脏团对Cd的富集浓度和富集速率均远高于菲律宾蛤仔。本研究明确了2种贝类在相同镉环境下的抗氧化反应的差异,推断出扇贝内脏团中高含量的GSH以及较高的GST和GPx活性可能在扇贝高富集、高耐受Cd方面起重要作用。     

蓝光对萝卜向光性反应能力的调节

黑暗中培养的萝卜黄化苗在单侧蓝光辐时下的向光性反应比较迟钝。光照预辐射可以改变黄化苗的向光性反应能力，蓝光对向光性反应能力的影响达到显著水平，而红光和远红光的作用不显著；蓝光预辐射０－２ｈ，向光性反应能力按比例增加；１辐射２－１２ｈ，向光性反应能力的增加趋于饱和。蓝光２ｈ诱导增强的向光性反应能力在０－８ｈ的黑暗中可以保持１ｈ，随后便自行逐渐减弱。本文的研究涉及到蓝光对向光性反应能力的调节，在时间上位于向光性诱导及其反应过程之前，反应能力的增强及其在黑暗中的衰减过程均能在实验条件下得到有效的控制，这些结果对进一步筛选与向光性反应能力形成有关的特异蛋白质及ｍＲＮＡ提供了一个可操作的实验体系。     

建设知识能力,实现可持续的未来

１９９０年，来自１３个国家的２２位大学校长在法国塔洛瓦尔的塔夫茨欧洲中心开会，他们了许多建议，并发表一份宣言，说明他们为使国环境与发展有关的教育与研究成为各自单位的核心目标而要采取的原则和行动，到１９９３年底，至少３８个国家的大学校长签署了《塔洛瓦尔宣言》，除其它事项外，这份《宣言》要求制一些计划来发展全体教职员使环境前景与价值成为一切教育的基础的能力，以便培养具有环境知识与能力的大学生，这一类计     

3种垂直绿化植物叶片对Zn、Cu、Pb的富集能力

为了解垂直绿化植物叶片对重金属的富集能力,在南京市不同地点及不同月份测定了野外盆栽的爬山虎、多花蔷薇、云南黄馨叶片中Zn、Cu、Pb的含量。结果表明：3种植物叶片对Zn、Cu、Pb均具有一定的富集能力,并依地点和采样时间的不同而差异明显。此外,3种植物叶片对Zn元素富集量的月变化基本一致,即从4月到6月减少,6月到8月增加,8月后开始减少;对Cu元素富集量的月变化总体上看均呈减少趋势。通过综合比较得出,爬山虎叶片对Zn、Cu、Pb具有较强的富集能力。     

Does environmental regulation affect labor demand in China? Evidence from the textile printing and dyeing industry

Developing countries, including China, are just beginning to figure out how to balance economic development with the desire to address numerous severe environmental problems. In this paper, we use two enterprise-level data sets – China's Environmental Statistics Database and China's Industrial Enterprise Database – to estimate the impact of a more stringent wastewater discharge standard imposed on all the textile printing and dyeing enterprises in the Lake Tai, Jiangsu region, on labor demand. We find that enterprises which face this new more stringent standard decreased labor demand by approximately 7%. Furthermore, we find that the new standard had heterogeneous impacts on different types of enterprises. For example, our results indicate that the more stringent discharge standard reduced employment in domestically-owned private enterprises by 7.4%, but had little or no impact on state-owned or foreign-owned enterprises.     

培育和提升企业核心竞争力的探讨

随着经济全球化、信息化和消费者的成熟，企业面临更为复杂和多变的竞争环境，企业核心竞争力是企业获得持续竞争优势的基础，如何保持持续核心竞争力成为企业成功的关键所在．本文从我国企业的实际情况出发，探讨企业如何提升核心竞争力，参与全球经济竞争。     

林业企业产权问题的探讨

本文针对目前多数林业企业缺乏市场活力、生产经营不景气这一现状,从改革途径、产权重组和产权交易方式三个方面,阐述了林业企业所有制改革的思路和看法,认为只有用价值规律这一杠杆来调节林业经济活动,才能实现林业企业资源的合理配置,促使林业生产力的不断提高。     

Climate change perspectives and adaptation strategies of business enterprises: a case study from Italy

The purpose of the paper is to present empirical evidence on how to develop climate-resilient business enterprises under the auspices of an industrial park management. This was facilitated through the collective mapping of climate adaptation strategies corresponding to the identified business risks exacerbated by climate events directly experienced in the shared territory. The cluster approach attempted to overcome the typical challenges of single business enterprises, mostly small and medium-sized enterprises, with respect to their lack of human and financial resources and scientific and technical knowledge to understand climate change risks. The prospects of facilitating knowledge-sharing and information exchange within a cluster of business enterprises give impetus to the replicability and transferability of the approach in other industrial areas and organizational contexts.     

乡镇工业电镀行业主要污染物排放量的估算方法

电镀分有氰电镀与无氰电镀两类。乡镇工业电镀行业的环境污染最主要是氰污染和铬污染。本文针对乡镇电镀行业的特点,调查了湖南省沅江市、四川省新都县、湖北省黄陂县、汉川县以及江苏省部分县市乡镇电镀厂,将收集资料及实际监测资料进行回归分析,得出乡镇电镀行业的污染物发生量大小与原材料的消耗有关,可以用多元回归方程估算乡镇电镀行业主要污染物发生量。这一估算方法简单易行,实用可靠,操作方便。     

Production from marginal lands: indigenous commercial use of wild animals in northern Australia

Throughout the world, there are imperatives and opportunities to develop sustainable enterprises based on plants and animals to alleviate poverty. This is true for indigenous people across northern Australia, although to date there has been very limited commercial use of wildlife within indigenous Australian communities. In this study, we examine factors affecting the establishment of enterprises utilising animal species in remote indigenous communities and suggest ways of improving uptake. We found four major areas affecting the progress of these enterprises: a lack of comprehensive market information and dissemination of that knowledge; a lack of basic infrastructure and training; a need for more appropriate and flexible government policy and regulation; and adverse public perceptions. Commercialisation of native species is at a relatively early stage compared to tropical Asia, Africa and South America, and development of these enterprises has the potential to benefit indigenous livelihoods in remote and marginal areas in Australia.     

Game theoretic analysis of environmental impact assessment system in China

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system has been established in China since 1973. In present EIA cases, there are four participants in general: governments, enterprises, EIA organizations and the public. The public has held responsible for both social costs and social duties. The public supervises social costs produced by enterprises discharging pollutant in EIA. However public participation is mostly deputized by governments, which severely weaken the independence of the public as one participant in EIA. In this paper, EIA refers to the different attitudes of the participants whose optional strategies may be described by a proper game model. According to disfigurements in EIA, three sides (governments, enterprises, and EIA organizations) dynamic iterative game theory, dynamic game theory of incomplete information, and perfect Bayesian equilibrium theory to analyze the reciprocity relation among governments, EIA organizations and enterprises. The results show that in a short period, economic benefit is preponderant over social benefit. Governments and enterprises both do not want to take EIA to reveal social costs. EIA organizations’ income comes from enterprises and the collusions are built between them to vindicate economic benefit. In a long run, social benefit loss caused by environmental pollution must be recuperated sooner or later and environmental deterioration will influence the achievements of economic benefit, so both governments and enterprises are certain to pursue high social benefit and willing to take EIA, helpful to increase private benefit. EIA organizations will make fair assessment when their economic benefit are ensured. At present, the public as silent victims can not take actual part in EIA. The EIA system must be improved to break the present equilibrium of three sides, bringing the public to the equilibrium to exert public supervision.     

乡镇企业可持续发展与小城镇建设

通过对乡镇企业的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益以及小城镇发展的优越性分析可知，乡镇企业不宜在农村发展，应该在小城镇中发展。     

中小企业财务管理存在的问题与战略对策

中小企业是国民经济中一支重要的经济力量，在我国发展社会主义市场经济中发挥着重要的作用．财务问题是所有企业成败的关键，对中小企业尤其如此．本文从简述我国现阶段中小企业财务管理现状人手，揭示当前中小企业财务管理存在的问题．结合实际，分析其发生、存在的原因，并为解决这些问题，提出了相应的战略对策．     

Achieving air pollutant emission reduction targets with minimum abatement costs: An enterprise-level allocation method with constraints of fairness and feasibility

• Quantification of efficiency and fairness of abatement allocation are optimized. • Allocation results are refined to the different abatement measures of enterprises. • Optimized allocation results reduce abatement costs and tap the abatement space. • Abatement suggestions are given to enterprises with different abatement quotas. For achieving air pollutant emission reduction targets, total pollutant amount control is being continuously promoted in China. However, the traditional pattern of pollutant emission reduction allocation regardless of economic cost often results in unreasonable emission reduction pathways, and industrial enterprises as the main implementers have to pay excessively high costs. Therefore, this study adopted economic efficiency as its main consideration, used specific emission reduction measures (ERMs) of industrial enterprises as minimum allocation units, and constructed an enterprise-level pollutant emission reduction allocation (EPERA) model with minimization of the total abatement cost (TAC) as the objective function, and fairness and feasibility as constraints for emission reduction allocation. Taking City M in China as an example, the EPERA model was used to construct a Pareto optimal frontier and obtain the optimal trade-off result. Results showed that under basic and strict emission reduction regulations, the TAC of the optimal trade-off point was reduced by 46.40% and 45.77%, respectively, in comparison with that achieved when only considering fairness, and the Gini coefficient was 0.26 and 0.31, respectively. The abatement target was attained with controllable cost and relatively fair and reasonable allocation. In addition, enterprises allocated different emission reduction quotas under different ERMs had specific characteristics that required targeted optimization of technology and equipment to enable them to achieve optimal emission reduction effects for the same abatement cost.