水稻抗虫转基因光温敏核不育系植株的获得

以质粒pCUBAC-HPT作抗虫基因供体，优良光温敏核不育系612S为受体，采用基因枪转化法，获得了转抗虫基因sck和sbk的植株．分子证据表明，外源基因己整合到受体基因组中．蛋白活性测定和Western blotting结果显示，转基因在受体植株中得到表达．田间抗虫性测定表明，外源基因的转入提高了受体的抗虫性．本文还讨论了转基因技术在水稻育种中的作用．图5表2参12     

表达马铃薯Y病毒外壳蛋白基因的转基因烟草抗病机制

根据已报道的马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系(PVY^N)核苷酸序列，克隆了PVY^N外壳蛋白(CP)基因，通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)LBA4404介导的方法，转化烟草NC89，获得了38株PCR呈阳性的转基因植株．攻毒试验发现，转基因植株对PVY^N的抗性水平存在着差异，其中有4株表现为高度抗病性．Southern blot表明，PVY^N CP基因已经整合到烟草染色体中，转基因的拷贝数与植株的抗病性成正相关．Northern blot表明，PVY^N CP基因在RNA水平上得到了表达，而且PVY^N CP RNA在细胞中的积累量与转基因植株的抗病性呈明显的负相关．Western blot表明，高度抗病植株未检测到转基因CP蛋白质，而抗病和感病植株都检测到了PVY^N CP蛋白，且不同抗性的转基因植物中转基因蛋白质的积累有一定的差异．实验结果表明，表达PVY^N CP基因的转基因烟草其抗病机制类似于转录后的基因沉默，即抗病件可能是RNA介导的．     

高赖氨酸蛋白基因在转基因生菜中的表达和遗传转化

以生菜(LactucasativaL.)为受体材料,将含有高赖氨酸蛋白基因的植物表达载体pLBI用农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化,获得47株转基因生菜植株.PCR和Southern-blotting检测证实目的片段在T0代的整合,RT-PCR检测表明目的基因的转录.T0代植株赖氨酸(Lys)含量的测定分析表明,赖氨酸有不同程度的提高,比对照提高最高的可达9.46%.T1代植株PCR检测证明,目的基因能够遗传.图5表1参25     

根癌农杆菌介导的高赖氨酸蛋白基因转化叶用莴苣的研究

构建了植物表达载体pLBI，该载体携带35S启动子、高赖氨酸蛋白基因(LRP)、NPTⅡ基因和NOS终止子，对影响根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens L.)转化的多种因素进行探索后，建立了一种农杆菌介导的稳定的叶用莴苣遗传转化系统．选择目前生产上大量推广应用的叶用莴苣品种，以其无菌苗子叶为外植体，经农杆菌LBA4404(含质粒pLBI)感染，在含ρ(Kan)／mgL^-1=100的芽分化培养基上筛选转化芽，转入含相同浓度抗生素的生根培养基上进行生根筛选，直至得到完整的再生植株．PCR扩增及Southern blot的检测结果均表明，高赖氨酸蛋白基因已整合到叶用莴苣基因组中．图4表4参6     

表达Xa21基因匠转基因水稻研究

对Xa21在转基因水稻新汕B后代R1、R2群体的的遗传方式及稳定性进行初步分析，特异PCR分析从分子水平表明Xa21基因已稳定遗传至R1代，自交R1代的抗感带型分离比为3：1，揭示出Xa21基因在转基因水稻中按孟德尔方式遗传，Hyg培养基发芽和田间接菌鉴定显示，Xa21转基因水稻对Hyg和白叶枯病的抗性多数在后代中出现3：1的分离，对白叶枯病的的抗病性呈连续分布，能传递到较高世代，并且能在R2代获得纯合株系。图3表3参12     

用基因枪介导法将水稻几丁质酶基因导入小麦

利用PDS1000／氦气基因枪将水稻几丁质酶基因导入小麦幼胚盾片愈伤组织．基因枪轰击后在含有50mg／L硫酸卡那霉素的培养基上经过多步骤筛选和分化，从5个小麦品种共800多个幼胚中获得了6株绿苗，对此6株绿苗进行了PCR和Southern杂交分析．结果表明，其中4株绿苗为转基因植株，转化率最高可达1．2％．图3表2参17     

Xα21基因导入水稻及转基因植株的鉴定

以水稻愈伤组织为受体、质粒pCXK1301为Xα21基因供体，用农杆菌EHA105和PDS－1000／He基因枪转化受体，经Hyg浓度梯度筛选，获得一些转基因水稻植株，GUS检测、PCR扩增和Southern杂交分析表明，报告基因（GUS）、选择标记基因（Hyg^r）和抗白叶枯病基因Xα21都已整合入转化水稻基因组中，Southern杂分析显示了Xα21基因在转化水稻基因组中整合的拷贝数。田间接菌鉴定表现抗白叶枯病。     

转pBinMoBc基因棉花的培育与应用

采用农杆菌介导法将含有复合OM启动子和增强子Ω因子的外源基因pBinMoBc导入冀棉20中.转化再生株经分子检测表明,外源基因已整合到转基因植株基因组内,并得到了表达,转化外源基因插入拷贝数是1~2个.转化后代材料经6~7代选育为纯合品系2001pb-3.2001pb-3抗虫性较好,每公顷产皮棉1534.5kg,比对照增产18.68%.图5表3参4     

基因枪介导获得转植酸酶基因水稻研究

植酸酶是一类能促进植酸及其盐类水解成肌醇和磷酸的酶的总称.它能提高饲料和食品中磷的利用率,减轻粪便中磷排放所造成的环境污染,清除植酸与金属离子的螯合作用,改善微量元素的吸收和利用.本研究将马铃薯的胞外分泌信号肽(Psec)和大肠杆菌的植酸酶基因(appA2)结合组成融合基因导入粳稻台北309中.PCR检测和Southern杂交表明,植酸酶基因和分泌信号肽序列已经整合到水稻的基因组中.无机磷含量分析表明,含目的基因的转基因水稻种子及茎叶中的无机磷含量均较未转化植株有显著的提高.图6表1参14     

基于分子信标探针的荧光定量PCR方法检测转基因食品

选择了内源基因大豆植物凝集素(lectin)、玉米转化酶(invertase)和外源基因花椰菜花叶病毒35S(CaMV35S)启动子的分子信标探针,确定了探针浓度和镁离子浓度等反应条件,分别对转基因大豆和转基因玉米系列标准品进行内源基因和外源基因的荧光PCR扩增,在PCR反应过程中分别以两种荧光通道信号分别追踪同一样品DNA内源基因和外源基因的扩增动力学变化,并依此绘制了循环阈值与转基因食品百分比含量之间的标准曲线,建立了转基因大豆和转基因玉米的分子信标探针-荧光定量PCR检测方法,该方法具有特异性强、敏感性高的特点,实现了对转基因食品的定量分析.图7表1参11     

双农杆菌共转化获得无标记转pepc基因的水稻植株

利用双农杆菌/双质粒的共转化系统获得了无选择标记转pepc基因的水稻植株.采用两个农杆菌EHA105转化粳稻品种台粳9号幼胚诱导的胚性愈伤组织,其中一个农杆菌内的质粒表达载体的T-DNA区仅含有目的基因pepc,另一个的T-DNA区含有选择标记基因hpt和GUS报告基因.获得抗性愈伤的转化率为9.2%.85.3%的抗性愈伤分化成T0代株系,其中78.8%的T0代植株为GUS阳性转基因植株.PCR分析表明,在78个T0代GUS阳性植株(来源于23个抗性愈伤组织)中共有35个植株(来源于7个抗性愈伤组织)含有pepc基因,即在23个GUS阳性株系中发生共转化株系的频率为30.4%.7个共转化的株系中有5个株系自交产生后代植株中含有无标记转pepc基因植株,其比例为71.4%.无标记的转pepc基因水稻植株中PEPC活性平均比对照提高8.8倍;与非转基因对照植株相比,转pepc基因水稻植株表现出更强的光合能力.图5表3参26     

农杆菌介导的抗除草剂基因转入两系杂交稻恢复系的研究

利用农杆菌水稻高效转化系统，成功地将外源ＢＡＲ基因转入实用性两系要交稻恢复系Ｒ１８７和秀水０４，经过除草剂Ｂａｓｔａ田间涂布试验，其阳性率达到９０％以上。对转基因植株同步进行的ＰＣＲ特异扩增和总ＤＮＡ Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ检测结果也证实抗Ｂａｓｔａ的植株中含有ＢＡＲ基因。讨论了应用转ＢＡＲ基因的方法提高两系杂交水稻制种纯度的条件。图２表１参３     

拟南芥SHI基因在烟草中的表达和矮化、延迟开花的烟草植株的获得

利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)从拟南芥基因组DNA中克隆了拟南芥SHOTINTERNODS(SHI)基因,并进行了序列测定.以载体pBI121为基本骨架构建了SHI的植物表达载体,并导入根癌农杆菌EHA105.通过农杆菌介导的叶盘法将拟南芥SHI基因转入烟草.PCR和RT-PCR检测证明,拟南芥SHI基因已整合到烟草基因组中并得以表达,获得了矮化、延迟开花的烟草植株.图5参12     

Effects of nonylphenol on endocrine regulation-associated gene expression profiles in whole brain of F1 generation male rats

In order to determine the effects of nonylphenol (NP) on endocrine regulation-associated gene expression profiles in whole brain of F1 generation rats, mRNA extracted from the brain of 2-day old F1 generation rats whose F0 male generation was treated with NP. The mRNA was then reversely transcribed to cDNA and labeled with cy5 and cy3 fluorescence. Subsequently, cDNA probes were hybridized to the Mouse40S cDNA microarray and the fluorescent signals of cy5 and cy3 were scanned and analyzed. Sixteen genes were identified which expressed differently, including 13 that were down-regulated in which 4 were related to brain regulation of endocrine function. Data suggest that NP mainly affects metabolism and synthesis of steroid hormone in various ways and disturbs the reproductive function of male rats when administered perinatally.     

Heterologous overexpression of Populus euphratica BAK1;1 gene enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000 in tobacco北大核心CSCD

BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTORKINASE1(BAK1), a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor protein kinase, plays a significant role in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Furthermore, it combines with other LRR-RLKs protein to initiate immune response in plants. The objective of this study was to (1) investigate the function of the Populus euphratica BAK1;1 gene in the resistance of transgenic tobacco to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and (2) discuss the regulation pathway of PeBAK1;1 involved in the resistance to plant pathogen. We cloned the cDNA sequence of the P. euphratica PeBAK1;1 gene, constructed the pBI121-35S::PeBAK1;1 over-expression vector, and then transformed it into wild-type tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to obtain PeBA K 1;1-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants. The bioinformatic analysis showed that the PeBAK1;1 protein contained all the structural features of the plant SERK family. The phylogenetic tree showed that PeBAK1;1 has the highest sequence homology with PtBAK1. The gene expression profile results indicated that the expression of PeBAK1;1 in the root was higher than that in the leaf and stem. The wild-type tobacco plants showed an obvious susceptibility to Pst DC3000, whereas the transgenic plants exhibited enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000. Compared with that of the wild-type (WT), the real-time PCR and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of pathogenesis-related genes (including PR1, PR3, PR4, and PR5), BAK1-interacting receptor kinase 1 gene, and BONZAI1 gene was upregulated in 35S::PeBAK1;1 transgenic tobacco plants. In conclusion, the PeBAK1;1 gene plays a positive regulatory role in 35S::PeBAK1;1 transgenic tobacco against Pst DC3000, which can enhance the resistance of plants to pathogen. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

转bar及NIa基因白菜的田间生物学及经济性状调查

对转入除草剂抗性基因bar及来自病毒TuMV的／VIa基因的不结球白菜纯合株系二代进行了田问生物学性状调查,结果表明，转基因白菜的植物学性状与其未转基因对照材料相比，无明显差别；但在涉及其生存竞争力的一些生物学性状，如发芽势、花粉活力、种子库存力等方面，比对照材料弱，其经济性状也比对照稍差．获得的转基因性状——除草剂抗性，能稳定遗传，并在田间很好表达；NIa基因介导的TuMV抗性在露地开放栽培条件下，不能很好表达，转基因株染病较重．对产生以上现象的原因进行了分析讨论．图3表5参16     

Effects of nonylphenol on the brain cytochrome P450 gene expression in F1 generation rats

In order to explore the effects of nonylphenol (NP) on brain cytochrome P450 gene expression in F1 generation rats microarray analysis techniques were used. mRNA were extracted from the brain of 2-day-old F1 generation rats whose F0 male generation were treated with NP, then reversely transcribed to cDNA and labeled with cy5 and cy3 for fluorescence. Subsequently, the cDNA probes were hybridized to the mouse 40S cDNA microarray; and fluorescent signals produced by cy5 and cy3 were scanned and analyzed. Sixteen identified genes were found to be expressed differently from control, including three cytochrome P450 genes, in which two were up-regulated and one down-regulated. Data suggest that NP affects the expression of some cytochrome P450 genes in rat brain when administered perinatally.     

邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶基因克隆、定位和高效表达

采用特异性引物，以菲、芘降解菌株ZL5的代谢性质粒为模板，扩增出邻苯二酚2，3—双加氧酶(C23O)基因，将该基因和表达载体pET—30a( )连接，转化E.coli JM109(DE3)，获得了高效表达的转化子，SDS—PAGE结果表明，转化子的C23O蛋白不仅在细胞内存在，而且能被分泌到胞外，薄层扫描显示，转化子细胞内和细胞外表达蛋白总量占细胞总蛋白的42％，酶活分析表明，分布在转化子细胞内、外的表达蛋白都具有较高的C23O比活力，Southern杂交将菌株ZL5的C23O基因定位在内生质粒的不同酶切片段上。图5表1参12。