正交设计在峨眉金线莲组织培养中的应用

以野生峨眉金线莲的茎段腋芽为外植体,采用正交设计L16(4~5)对野生峨眉金线莲丛生芽诱导、生根的4个因素(基本培养基、6-BA、NAA、AC(活性炭))在4个水平上进行组织培养优化试验,以期建立完整、高效、廉价的培养体系。结果表明:基本培养基、不同激素浓度配比等因素对峨眉金线莲的分化、生根有着显著影响。外植体最佳消毒方案是75%酒精浸泡10s,0.1%的HgCl_2浸泡消毒10min;峨眉金线莲最佳丛生芽诱导培养基为:MS+10%香蕉+6-BA3mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+AC 3g/L;最佳生根壮苗培养基为:1/2MS+10%土豆+NAA 2mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+AC 3g/L。该体系对峨眉金线莲种质资源保护与开发利用具有一定的参考意义。     

乌蕨孢子繁殖技术的研究

研究了乌蕨(Stenoloma chusanum(L.)Ching)孢子无菌繁殖和常规繁殖方法。结果表明,乌蕨孢子在1/4MS培养基培养时的萌发率最高,达85.3%;在1/2MS培养基中的配子体成苗率最高,达85.9%;1/2MS培养基是培养优质孢子体苗的最佳培养基;河沙与草炭土体积比为1∶1的混合基质是播种孢子的理想基质,孢子萌发率和配子体成苗率分别达到82.6%和73.4%;无菌繁殖和常规繁殖所得的幼孢子体苗移栽成活率均达90%以上。     

不同培养条件对红碧桃花粉生活力的影响

以红碧桃花粉为试验材料,用花粉离体培养法,采用单因素完全随机固体培养法以探讨不同培养条件对红碧桃花粉生活力的影响.结果表明,最适宜的基本培养基成分为15％蔗糖+100mg/L硼酸+0.7％琼脂;不同温度贮藏下的花粉生活力随着贮藏时间的延长均呈下降趋势,0℃下降最慢,20℃下降最快;添加0.2mg/L 6-BA后花粉萌发率最好,而硫酸锌对红碧桃花粉萌发的作用效果不明显,有利于花粉萌发的其他因子浓度分别是Ca2+ 20mg/L、Zn2+ 0.06mg/L、NAA 4.0mg/L.     

紫色甘薯茎尖培养一步成苗技术研究

以紫色甘薯茎尖为外植体，MS为基本培养基，附加不同浓度NAA与BA两种激素对一步成苗培养基进行优化，筛选出一步成苗最佳培养基MS＋0．2mg／LBA＋0．5mg／LNAA，约3d左右诱导愈伤组织，15—20d分化幼苗、生根，约45d后就可一步成苗，直接发育成完整植株，最高成苗率为11．4％。对这种培养基上的再生小植株进行移栽，1个月后其移栽成活率达100％。     

多效唑在重瓣丝石竹组织培养中的作用

多效唑能增加重瓣丝石竹组织培养苗的节数,缩短节间距,使试管苗健壮,其最适浓度为1．0mg/L。经多效唑（0．05ml/L-0.2ml/L)壮苗培养,显著地促进了组织培养苗生根。较高浓度的多效唑（0．20mg/L-1.0mg/L)对茎尖外植体不定芽分化有明显的增殖作用,同时抑制了试管苗玻璃化。     

马蔺花粉生活力测定及贮藏特性研究

为有效开展鸢尾属植物育种工作,以马蔺花粉为试材,研究了蔗糖、硼酸等对马蔺花粉萌发的影响和不同贮藏方法对马蔺花粉萌发的影响。结果表明,硼酸、蔗糖对马蔺花粉萌发有显著影响,最适宜的花粉培养基为:蔗糖120g/L+硼酸20mg/L;花粉生活力随着贮藏时间的延长而下降,不同的贮藏条件对马蔺花粉生活力有显著的影响,最佳贮藏方法为-196℃干燥,耐贮藏力达365天以上,花粉形态与其萌发之间有相关性。     

不同培养条件对软枣猕猴桃试管苗玻璃化的影响

以MS为基本培养基，研究生长调节剂、琼脂、光照、温度等因素对光叶楮试管苗玻璃化的影响。结果表明，最佳生长调节剂的配比为1．0mg／LBA＋0．5mg/L NAA、琼脂浓度7．0-8．0g／L、光照强度3000lx、培养温度25％。该优化培养条件能有效防止玻璃化苗的发生，获得较高的增殖系数和较健壮的苗木，且能降低生产成本。     

不同浓度Cu2+对青海湖裸鲤鳃细胞培养的影响

文章通过实验对青海湖裸鲤鳃组织细胞在不同浓度梯度Cu2+条件下的体外培养,即Cu2+浓度分别为国家渔业水质标准的5倍、10倍、20倍和40倍,分别为0.05mg/L、0.1mg/L、0.2mg/L和0.4mg/L,了解Cu2+对裸鲤鳃细胞生长状况的影响;实验结果显示:5倍国家水质标准浓度的Cu2+对细胞基本无影响,20倍浓度的Cu2+对细胞产生明显影响,224m in后细胞出现死亡,485min后10倍浓度细胞出现死亡,618min后40倍浓度细胞全部死亡;实验揭示了重金属铜对裸鲤鳃细胞生长状况产生的影响以及鳃细胞死亡的临界浓度。     

油田措施废液絮凝剂优化与应用

文章以油田措施废液为研究对象,开展絮凝处理实验,筛选出最佳絮凝剂体系,并对絮凝工艺参数进行优化。现场应用结果表明,筛选出的絮凝剂体系H3+X5最佳工艺条件为:H3+X5用量(300+100)mg/L、pH值7.4~8.2、温度25~35℃、混合强度1 300~1 500s~(-1)、混合时间20~30s,优化后斜板直接出水SS由34.71mg/L降至1.77mg/L,去除效果明显,同时药剂加量减少60%,处理成本降低20.5%。     

人工沸石对Cr(Ⅲ)的吸脱附的实验研究

采用单变量法研究了人工沸石对Cr3+的最佳吸附粒径、最佳吸附反应条件和吸附动力学。结果表明,在Cr3+初始浓度为20mg/L、沸石投放量为10g/L时,最佳粒径为80目;在Cr3+初始浓度为50mg/L、沸石投放量为10g/L时,最佳振荡时间为70min;Cr3+浓度在20～70mg/L范围内时,人工沸石饱和吸附量随Cr3+的初始浓度增加而增加,二者近似于指数关系;人工沸石吸附Cr3+的过程主要为化学吸附,受表面扩散和颗粒内扩散过程控制。脱附实验表明洗脱性价比最佳的洗脱剂(NaCl)浓度为10g/L,洗脱微振荡-静置沉降最佳时间分布为:微振荡10min,静置沉降50min,洗脱两次后吸附效率下降25%～30%。     

Arsenic accumulation in the hyperaccumulator Chinese brake and its utilization potential for phytoremediation

The unique property of arsenic hyperaccumulation by the newly discovered Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.) fern is of great significance in the phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. The objectives of this study were to (i) examine arsenic accumulation characterized by its distribution pattern in Chinese brake, and (ii) assess the phytoextraction potential of the plant. Young ferns with five or six fronds were transferred to an arsenic-contaminated soil containing 98 mg As kg-1 and grown for 20 wk in a greenhouse. At harvest, the Chinese brake produced a total dry biomass of 18 g plant-1. Arsenic concentration in the fronds was 6000 mg kg-1 dry mass after 8 wk of transplanting, and it increased to 7230 mg kg-1 after 20 wk with a bioconcentration factor (ratio of plant arsenic concentration to water-soluble arsenic in soil) of 1450 and a translocation factor (ratio of arsenic concentration in shoot to that in root) of 24. The arsenic concentrations increased as the fronds aged, with the old fronds accumulating as much as 13,800 mg As kg-1. Most (approximately 90%) of the arsenic taken up by the Chinese brake was transported to the fronds, with the lowest arsenic concentrations in roots. About 26% of the initial soil arsenic was removed by the plant after 20 wk of transplanting. Our data suggest that the arsenic hyperaccumulating property of the Chinese brake could be exploited on a large scale to remediate arsenic contaminated soils.     

蜈蚣草总黄酮体外抗氧化作用的研究

通过回流法提取蜈蚣草黄酮类化合物,利用分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量,并分析了它对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用和总抗氧化能力。结果表明,蜈蚣草总黄酮含量为6.15%,且具有较好的抗氧化能力。     

The treatment of textile wastewater including chromium(VI) and reactive dye by sulfate-reducing bacterial enrichment

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) that could grow on modified Postgate C medium (PC) containing chromium(VI) were isolated from industrial wastewaters and their chromium(VI) reduction capacities were investigated as a function of changes in the initial pH values, chromium, sulfate, NaCl and reactive dye concentrations. The optimum pH value at 50 mg l(-1) initial chromium(VI) concentration was determined to be 8. Chromium(VI) reduction by SRB was investigated at 22.7-98.4 mg l(-1) initial chromium(VI) concentrations. At the end of the experiments, the mixed cultures of SRB were found to reduce within 2-6 days more than 99% of the initial chromium(VI) levels, which ranged from 22.7 to 74.9 mg l(-1). The effects of the initial 0-9.0 g l(-1) concentrations of disodium sulfate and 0-6% (w/v) concentrations of NaCI to chromium reduction showed that the lowest concentrations of sulfate and NaCI were the best for chromium reduction in the PC medium including 50 mg l(-1) chromium(VI). Chromium(VI) reduction in 50 mg l(-1) and 25-100 mg l(-1) Remazol Blue, Reactive Black B or Reactive Red RB containing media were also investigated. In the experiments, 25-30% of the initial dye concentrations and 95% of the chromium(VI) was removed from the medium at the end of 72-h and 24-h incubation periods, respectively.     

Fenton试剂处理六氯苯废水的试验研究

研究了采用Fenton法处理六氯苯模拟废水的方法以及Fenton法处理六氯苯的影响因素。研究结果显示:在H2O2(30%)投加量为500mg/L,Fe2 投加量为1000mg/L,pH=2.5的条件下,经过4h的反应,废水中HCB去除率可达51.65%。     

Effects of arsenic concentrations and forms on arsenic uptake by the hyperaccumulator ladder brake

Ladder brake (Pteris vittata L.) is a newly discovered arsenic hyperaccumulator. No information is available about arsenic effects on ladder brake. This study determined the effects of different arsenic concentrations (50 to 1000 mg kg(-1)) or forms (organic vs. inorganic and arsenite vs. arsenate) applied to soils on growth and arsenic uptake by ladder brake. Young plants were grown in a greenhouse for 12 or 18 wk. Ladder brake was highly tolerant of arsenic and survived in soil containing up to 500 mg As kg(-1). The fact that addition of arsenate up to 100 mg As kg(-1) increased fern biomass by 64 to 107%, coupled with higher arsenic concentration in younger fronds at low soil arsenic concentrations and older fronds at high soil arsenic concentrations, implies that arsenic may be beneficial for fern growth. Addition of 50 mg As kg(-1) was best for fern growth and arsenic accumulation, resulting in the highest fern biomass (3.9 g plant(-1)), bioconcentration factor (up to 63), and translocation factor (up to 25). With an exception of FeAsO4 and AlAsO4, which had the lowest effects due to their low solubility, little difference was observed among other arsenic forms mainly because of arsenic conversion in soil. Aboveground biomass was mostly responsible for accumulation of arsenic by plant (75-99%). Up to 26% of the added arsenic was removed by ladder brake, showing the high efficiency of ladder brake in arsenic removal. The results suggest that ladder brake may be a good candidate to remediate arsenic-contaminated soils.     

Mycorrhizae increase arsenic uptake by the hyperaccumulator Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.)

Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.) is a hyperaccumulator of arsenic (As) that grows naturally on soils in the southern United States. It is reasonable to expect that mycorrhizal symbiosis may be involved in As uptake by this fern. This is because arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have a well-documented role in increasing plant phosphorus (P) uptake, P and As have similar chemical properties, and ferns are known to be colonized by AM fungi. We conducted a factorial greenhouse experiment with three levels of As (0, 50, and 100 mg kg(-1)) and P (0, 25, and 50 mg kg(-1)) and with and without Chinese brake fern colonized by a community of AM fungi from an As-contaminated site. We found that the AM fungi not only tolerated As amendment, but their presence increased frond dry mass at the highest As application rate. Furthermore, the AM fungi increased As uptake across a range of P levels, while P uptake was generally increased only when there was no As amendment. These data indicate that AM fungi have an important role in arsenic accumulation by Chinese brake fern. Therefore, to effectively phytoremediate As-contaminated soils, the mycorrhizal status of ferns needs to be taken into account.     

外源激素对白花龙插条生根的影响

研究不同种类和浓度的外源激素对白花龙生根能力的影响.结果表明,选择适当种类的外源激素和适宜浓度的外源激素可显著提高白花龙的扦插繁殖效果.其中,用250mg/L萘乙酸溶液浸泡插穗5min,其生根率最高,可达61.67%.     

Nitrogen leaching from Douglas-fir forests after urea fertilization

Leaching of nitrogen (N) after forest fertilization has the potential to pollute ground and surface water. The purpose of this study was to quantify N leaching through the primary rooting zone of N-limited Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] forests the year after fertilization (224 kg N ha(-1) as urea) and to calculate changes in the N pools of the overstory trees, understory vegetation, and soil. At six sites on production forests in the Hood Canal watershed, Washington, tension lysimeters and estimates of the soil water flux were used to quantify the mobilization and leaching of NO(3)-N, NH(4)-N, and dissolved organic nitrogen below the observed rooting depth. Soil and vegetation samples were collected before fertilization and 1 and 6 mo after fertilization. In the year after fertilization, the total leaching beyond the primary rooting zone in excess of control plots was 4.2 kg N ha(-1) (p = 0.03), which was equal to 2% of the total N applied. The peak NO(3)-N concentration that leached beyond the rooting zone of fertilized plots was 0.2 mg NO(3)-N L(-1). Six months after fertilization, 26% of the applied N was accounted for in the overstory, and 27% was accounted for in the O+A horizon of the soil. The results of this study indicate that forest fertilization can lead to small N leaching fluxes out of the primary rooting zone during the first year after urea application.