焦化废水处理新工艺研究

对某钢铁厂焦化废水进行曝气吹脱10h,氨氮去除率达73.7%,然后用缺氧-SBR工艺处理焦化废水,进水浓度为COD1474mg/L、NH3-N826.8mg/L时,缺氧SRT10h,SBR曝气10h,沉降2h,出水COD186mg/L、NH3-N290.25mg/L,去除率分别达到87.83%、64.9%。     

MBR工艺深度处理线路板废水试验研究

为探讨MBR工艺深度处理线路板废水的工艺特征和效果,本试验在线路板厂以物化处理后清水池中的废水为研究对象,采用MBR膜生物反应器对该废水进行了深度处理的试验研究,试验结果表明,控制污泥浓度4000～8000mg/L,曝气气水比25～30,停留时间4.3～6.3h,出水COD、氨氮去除率分别可达60%～70%、70%～80%,出水浊度达4～5NTU,色度均小于15,各项指标均达到国家有关标准,连续运行MBR膜通量可达10～15L/m2·h.     

酒精废水消化液预处理试验研究

高浓度酒精糟液经厌氧生物处理后排出的消化液COD浓度为4500—6000mg/L，SS浓度高这1500—2．600mg,／L，且由于微小沼气泡附着在厌氧污泥上，沉降性能很差，难以与消化液相分离，对后续处理十分不剁。本研兜采用预曝气．化学混凝沉淀组合工艺，对该消化液进行去除高浓度SS的顸处理试验，研究探讨了曝气时间、混凝剂种类和投加量对SS和COD去除效果的影响。试验结果表明，预曝气．化学混凝沉淀组合工艺对消化液SS的去除效果十分显著。当预曝气时间为6．0h，FeCl3投加量为100mg/L时，消化液的SS去除率75．4％，COD去除率24．3％，可为后续的好氧生物处理提供较为有利的水质和负荷条件。     

活性炭三维电极法处理成品油库废水

采用活性炭三维电极法对成品油库废水进行了试验研究,分别考察了电解时间、曝气强度、进水p H值和电解电压对成品油库废水处理效果的影响,最终确定最佳处理效果的工艺条件为:电解时间为90 min,曝气强度为15 L/min,进水pH值为3,Fe2+投加量为1.0 g/L,电解电压为20 V。在最佳实验条件下,废水中COD去除率可以达到82%以上。     

内循环三相生物流化床处理生活污水的试验研究

对内循环三相生物流化床处理生活污水进行了试验研究,探讨了生物膜的形成和水力停留时间及曝气量对处理效果的影响。结果表明：在HRT为6h,曝气量为0.6m3/h,进水COD和NH4＋-N分别为240.2~298.7mg/L和29.1~68.9mg/L条件下,平均COD去除率为83%,NH4＋-N去除率为95.1%。     

加热与酸化与芬顿试剂对乳化液处理效果的研究

乳化液废水含有大量表面活性剂,化学性质稳定,给处理带来很大难度。为解决乳化液处理困难的问题,我们以某电子制造商产生的乳化液废水为研究对象,采取加热酸化-Fenton氧化开展处理研究,意在解决实际工程中乳化液废水处理困难的问题,同时为乳化液废水处理在技术上提供新的思路。在加热酸化-Fenton氧化处理中,由于乳化液稳定性极好,传统酸化破乳效果不理想,将加热用于酸化破乳,油水分离效果明显,在加酸量1.0 mL 98%H2SO4/100mL乳化液、加热温度95℃、加热时间1h条件下,加热酸化破乳使初始COD20万mg/L,浊度8000 NTU的乳化液废水COD降到46592mg/L,浊度降到20 NTU以下,COD和浊度的去除率分别达90.7%和97.5%以上;由于破乳后的废水仍具有很高的COD浓度,因此采取Fenton氧化进一步处理,在ρFe2+/ρH2O2=1∶30、ρH2O2/ρCOD=1.4、初始pH=4的条件下,经处理后的出水COD可降到18600 mg/L,去除率达61.4%,其B/C可由破乳后的0.11提高到0.3,废水的可生化性大大提高,为后续进一步处理提供可能。     

混凝-Fenton法深度处理焦化废水

以经A~2/O生化法处理后的焦化废水为研究对象,采用混凝-Fenton法对其进行深度处理。确定了聚合硫酸铁等铁盐处理焦化废水的最佳投药量和pH值,讨论了影响其混凝效果的主要因素。处理后出水的COD去除率达40%以上。混凝剂处理焦化生化外排水中的难降解有机物,COD去除率只有40%左右。但经过Fenton试剂氧化后,去除率可达到70%左右,外排水达到国家排放标准。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化氧化降解苯酚废水实验

开展实验室模拟苯酚废水的二氧化钛光催化氧化实验。结果表明：在苯酚废水曝气量为0～3L/min的条件下，随着曝气量的增大，COD去除率先增大后减小；初始浓度不变，光照时间为1h的条件下， 调节pH值在3～11，苯酚废水COD去除率随着pH值的增大而减小，当pH值为11时， COD去除率又开始增 大，酸性条件比碱性条件下COD去除率高；随着二氧化钛投加量的增加，COD去除率增大，当二氧化钛投加量 为10g/L时，COD去除率反而降低，二氧化钛最佳投加量为3g/L；随着苯酚废水初始浓度由75mg/L增加至300mg/L，COD去除率由78.2％降低到58.1％；反应温度的改变对COD和TOC的去除率没有影响。     

铝阳极脉冲电化学法处理难降解印染废水的实验研究

研究铝阳极脉冲电化学法处理印染废水的可行性及处理效果。试验结果表明:电絮凝法对废水的色度和COD具有良好的去除效果。实验确定的电絮凝法处理条件为:电流强度2A,电解时间90min,色度和COD的去除率最高分别为95%和92%。     

超声内电解处理高浓度含盐有机废水的实验研究

分别研究了铁碳内电解、超声波辐照以及不同组合方式对高盐度泡菜废水的处理,重点研究了铁碳比、铁碳加入量、溶液pH值、处理时间、超声功率密度等因素对高含盐量泡菜废水降解率的影响。实验表明,铁碳加入对内电解处理效果影响显著,超声波处理该废水的最佳pH值为7;超声内电解处理的最佳条件为：铁碳比2∶1,铁碳加入体积为溶液体积的25%,溶液初始pH值为7,超声功率密度为0.225w/cm3,曝气处理90min。处理后出水COD去除率大于50%,达到了对该类高浓度含盐废水的预处理效果,降低了后续生化系统的处理负荷。     

萃取预处理苯胺基乙腈生产废水试验研究

在苯胺基乙腈生产过程中会产生含苯胺、苯胺基乙腈、氰化物等高浓度高毒性高氨氮有机废水,可生化性较差。本试验以甲苯为萃取剂,保持原水的pH值不变,相比为0.33,经三级逆流萃取处理后,苯胺、总氰化物、氨氮和COD的萃取率可分别达到约91%、93%、42%和52%,BOD/COD由0.23提高到0.27,提高了废水的可生化性,甲苯可采用酸洗再生加蒸馏再生联合的处理方式。     

Performance and modeling studies of rotating biological contactor for treatment of vegetable oil wastewater

This study focuses on a lab-scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) treating vegetable oil wastewater with high BOD and COD. The fabricated RBC was checked for efficiency in degrading polluted wastewater under different operating conditions. The maximum removal efficiencies for BOD and COD were 95.75% and 89%, respectively. This high removal percentage was obtained with 30% submergence of 10 discs rotating at 8 rpm. For the first time, bio-kinetic models were applied to the experimental results for vegetable oil wastewater. The best fit was obtained with the modified Stover-Kincannon and Grau model. The saturation constant (K_s) values were 1.872 and 3.024 g/L/d for BOD and COD, respectively, for the modified Stover-Kincannon and Grau model. For the Grau second-order model, the saturation constant was 1.416 and 3.744 g/L/d for BOD and COD, respectively. The predicted effluent BOD and COD values of the modified Stover–Kincannon model fitted almost exactly with the experimental values. This clearly predicts that this model can be best used to predict effluent BOD and COD concentration in a Rotating Biological contactor treating vegetable oil wastewater. The kinetic parameters determined in this study can be used to improve the design and operation of continuous mode RBC systems.     

Effects of feeding time and organic loading in an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR) treating diluted whey

An investigation was carried out on the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR) treating diluted cheese whey when submitted to different feed strategies and volumetric organic loads (VOL). Polyurethane foam cubes were used as support for biomass immobilization and stirring was provided by helix impellers. The reactor with a working volume of 3 L treated 2 L of wastewater in 8-h cycles at 500 rpm and 30 degrees C. The organic loads applied were 2, 4, 8 and 12 g COD L(-1) d(-1), obtained by increasing the feed concentration. Alkalinity was supplemented at a ratio of 50% NaHCO(3)/COD. For each organic load applied three feed strategies were tested: (a) batch operation with 8-h cycle; (b) 2-h fed-batch operation followed by 6-h batch; and (c) 4-h fed-batch followed by 4-h batch. The 2-h fed-batch operation followed by 6-h batch presented the best results for the organic loads of 2 and 4 g COD L(-1) d(-1), whereas the 4-h fed-batch operation followed by 4-h batch presented results slightly inferior for the same organic loads and the best results at organic loads of 8 and 12 g COD L(-1) d(-1). The concentration of total volatile acids varied with fill time. For the higher fill times maximum concentrations were obtained at the end of the cycle. Moreover, no significant difference was detected in the maximum concentration of total volatile acids for any of the investigated conditions. However, the maximum values of propionic acid tended to decrease with increasing fill time considering the same organic load. Microbiological analyses revealed the presence of Methanosaeta-like structures and methanogenic hydrogenotrophic-like fluorescent bacilli. No Methanosarcina-like structures were observed in the samples.     

吸附-双催化氧化降解苯胺、硝基苯废水

苯胺、硝基苯废水利用吸附树脂吸附后,再利用过氧化氢作氧化剂,在亚铁离子和紫外光的双催化下氧化降解。通过对亚铁离子浓度、过氧化氢浓度等因素对光降解影响的考察,结果表明,在实验条件下,本氧化体系对苯胺、硝基苯废水有明显的降解效果,苯胺、硝基苯废水经该体系处理12h后,去除率最高分别达到99.7%和95.3%。     

Biodegradation of pentyl amine and aniline from petrochemical wastewater

The objectives of the project were to isolate a bacterial strain capable of degrading pentyl amine and aniline and to define the optimal pentyl amine and aniline degradation conditions for this bacterial strain. The bacterial strain was isolated from activated sludge obtained from a Northeastern China treatment facility for petrochemical wastewater rich in pentyl amine and aniline. Once the strain was isolated, five triplicate (5) batch tests were used to establish the conditions for maximum pentyl amine and aniline degradation, by varying one at a time the following five factors: temperature, pH, reaction time, pollutant concentrations and aeration rate. In a final test, oil refinery sludge was inoculated with the strain and tested for the degradation of pentyl amine and aniline under optimal conditions, while observing the degradation pathway of pentyl amine and aniline. The isolated strain, PN1001, is a member of the Pseudomonas species and it was capable of degrading pentyl amine and aniline. The optimal reactor conditions for the degradation of a mixture of pentyl amine and aniline, at a concentration ranging between 150 and 200mg/L, were found to be 30 degrees C at a pH of 7.0, under a reaction time of 24h and a maximum solution dissolved oxygen level of 6 mgO(2)/L. Under such conditions, the strain PN1001 degraded 93% and 89% of the pentyl amine and aniline, respectively, aniline being more toxic and demonstrating a more complex degradation pathway. The strain PN1001 degraded more contaminants when both were present because of the pi and sigma electron cloud coordination functions of aniline and pentyl amine, respectively, presumed to reduce the toxic effect of aniline. Once inoculated with the strain, oil refinery sludge degraded 93% and 88% of the pentyl amine and aniline, compared to the strain alone which degraded 72% and 82%, likely because of the sludge's buffering effect against the toxic environment.     

钻井污水处理的物化工艺研究

对二级化学混凝、Fenton氧化与微孔膜过滤耦合技术工艺处理钻井污水进行了实验研究。首先通过对不同混凝剂的对比实验，确定了最佳混凝剂及试剂最佳投加量，探讨了耦合条件对处理出水COD的去除效果。实验结果表明，采用PAC和PFS的二级混凝、Fenton氧化与微孔膜过滤耦合技术工艺可使钻井污水COD去除率达到95％，其余各项指标亦达标。     

Combined chemical and biological oxidation of penicillin formulation effluent

Antibiotic formulation effluent is well known for its important contribution to environmental pollution due to its fluctuating and recalcitrant nature. In the present study, the chemical treatability of penicillin formulation effluent (average filtered COD(o)=830 mg/l; average soluble COD(o)=615 mg/l; pH(o)=6.9) bearing the active substances penicillin Amoxicillin Trihydrate (C(16)H(19)N(3)O(5)S.3H(2)O) and the beta-lactamase inhibitor Potassium Clavulanate (C(8)H(8)KNO(5)) has been investigated. For this purpose, the penicillin formulation effluent was subjected to ozonation (applied ozone dose=2500 mg/(lxh)) at varying pH (2.5-12.0) and O(3)+H(2)O(2) (perozonation) at different initial H(2)O(2) concentrations (=2-40 mM) and pH 10.5. According to the experimental results, the overall Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency varied between 10 and 56% for ozonation and 30% (no H(2)O(2)) and 83% (20 mM H(2)O(2)) for the O(3)+H(2)O(2) process. The addition of H(2)O(2) improved the COD removal rates considerably even at the lowest studied H(2)O(2) concentration. An optimum H(2)O(2) concentration of 20 mM existed at which the highest COD removal efficiency and abatement kinetics were obtained. The ozone absorption rate ranged between 53% (ozonation) and 68% (perozonation). An ozone input of 800 mg/l in 20 min was sufficient to achieve the highest BOD(5)/COD (biodegradability) ratio (=0.45) and BOD(5) value (109 mg/l) for the pre-treated penicillin formulation effluent. After the establishment of optimum ozonation and perozonation conditions, mixtures of synthetic domestic wastewater+raw, ozonated and perozonated penicillin formulation effluent were subjected to biological activated sludge treatment at a food-to-microorganisms (F/M) ratio of 0.23 mg COD/(mg MLSSxd), using a consortium of acclimated microorganisms. COD removal efficiencies of the activated sludge process were 71, 81 and 72% for pharmaceutical wastewater containing synthetic domestic wastewater mixed with either raw, ozonated or perozonated formulation effluent, respectively. The ultimate COD value obtained after 24-h biotreatment of the synthetic domestic wastewater+pre-ozonated formulation effluent mixture was around 100 mg/l instead of 180 mg/l which was the final COD obtained for the wastewater mixture containing raw formulation effluent, indicating that pre-ozonation at least partially removed the non-biodegradable COD fraction of the formulation effluent.     

催化电解法处理苯胺废水实验

在实验装置上对电化学法处理苯胺废水进行研究。根据不同电极材料对有机物降解机理的不同,对工业上应用较为广泛的几种电极材料进行筛选,并在此基础上考察了电流密度、投盐量、pH值、极间距、处理水量、电解时间等因素对处理结果的影响。结果表明:当用Ti/PbO2作电极,在电极间距为10mm,电流密度10mA/cm2,硫酸钠投加量1.5g/L,水板比8.3mL/cm2的条件下电解120min,废水中苯胺去除率可达94%以上,电解150min,溶液中的苯胺几乎完全降解。     

电化学氧化法降解马拉硫磷废水的研究

研究了在单独电解作用下及超声辐射．电解联合作用下，降解马拉硫磷农药废水的不同效果，详细探讨了电解时间、酸碱性、电压、电流及加入电解质的量等因素对结果的影响。实验结果表明，马拉硫磷农药废水在电解单独作用下，COD去除率可达到86．86％；在超声辐射-电解联合作用下，COD去除率可达到91．53％。     

Operation strategy of a sequencing batch reactor for simultaneous removal of wastewater organic matter and nutrients

The Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) system employing activated sludge process is an alternative wastewater treatment technology. A cycle of the conventional SBR system generally consists of five periods, with complete aeration during the React period to oxidize the organic matter and nitrify the ammonium-nitrogen of wastewater. Laboratory-scale reactors were used to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating alternative aerobic-anoxic-aerobic stages within the React period for simultaneous removal of organic matter, N and P. Two cycles of SBR process per day were maintained.Under the operation strategy of 0.75-h fill, 8-h react (with continuous aeration), 3.25-h settle, draw and idle periods, the treatment performance became consistent after running the system for two to four cycles (1–2 days). The percentages of both BOD₅ and COD removal were around 94% from Cycle 2 onwards, the BOD₅ content dropped from initial 251 mg L⁻¹ to less than 14 mg L⁻¹ in the final effluent. A steady nitrification (about 97%) was obtained from Cycle 4 onwards, with 1 mg NH₄⁺-N L⁻¹ and 25 mg NO₃⁻-N L⁻¹ present in the final effluent. This suggested that the time required for SBR system to acclimate and reach an equilibrium state was relatively short when compared with the time needed for continuous flow activated sludge system. The findings also show that 4-h aeration during the react period was long enough to achieve more than 90% nitrification. With the incorporation of a 3-h anoxic stage after the initial 4-h aeration of the react period, a satisfactory denitrification process was observed, with nitrate level dropped from 27 to around 8 mg L⁻¹ within 3 h. The second aeration stage did not cause significant change in wastewater nitrogen content. The wastewater phosphate content declined rapidly during the initial 4-h aeration and P-release was not observed during the anoxic stage. A slight reduction of P was found in the second aeration stage suggesting that more P-uptake occurred in this stage. A 12-h cyclic SBR system with the incorporation of 4-h aerobic, 3-h anoxic and final 1-h aerobic stages into the 8-h react period was demonstrated to be able to remove C, N and P simultaneously.