ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL ＆ GAS FIELDS

This article classifies the atmospheric pollution sources according to the distribution of time, space and production conditions and summarizes the characteristics and hazards of all kinds of pollution sources. Through the analysis of environment impacts caused by pollu- tants, prevention measures for air pollutionin different stages of oil- field development are proposed, in an effort to control regional atmos- pheric environmental quality.     

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL ＆ GAS FIELDS

Isolation and Identification of Polyacrylamide Biodegrading Bacterium（1）;Application of Clean Production Natural Gas Purification（4）;Study on the Degradation of Petroleum Degradation Bacteria（8）;Experimental Study on Solidified Agent of Waste Drilling Fluid（11）;Effect of SRT on Minimization of Excess Activated Sludge Production（13）     

英文文摘

Application of the Evaluation Criteria of HSE Management System in Oil Field Company（1 Yan Lunjiang, Zhang Laibin,Du Min, Cheng Zonghua （1. China University of Petroleum, Beijing; 2. CNPC Research Institute of Safety ＆ Environment Technology） ABSTRACT With the rapid development of the research on HSE management in international oil industry, CNPC establishes HSE management evaluation criteria in order to conform to international standards. The paper gives an example assessing the HSE management operational quality of an oilfield company named ＂A＂ by the HSE evaluation criteria. The assessment conclusion is compared with international assessment results to discuss the applicability and accuracy of the CNPC＇s HSE management evaluation criteria which makes recommendations for further improvement.     

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL ＆ GAS FIELDS

Discussion on Clean Production Evaluation Index System of Natural Gas Purification Plant（1）
ABSTRACT According to the cleaner production requirements and natural gas purification plant characteristics, the paper summarizes 15 quantitative values in 5 categories of production technology and equipment demands, resource and energy utilization index, production index, pollutant generation and emission index and environmental management demands, and 22 qualitative values in 2 categories of cleaner production evaluation index, which forms the cleaner production evaluation index system for gas purification plant. It is used for assessing cleaner production of gas purification plant comprehensively and conducting the audit and management of cleaner production of natural gas purification plant.     

The littoral zone of lake okeechobee as a source of phosphorus after drawdown

Following a period of prolonged drought or intentional lake level drawdown, large littoral areas that once contained submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) are reinundated when lake levels rise. A complete assessment of the contribution made by decomposing SAV to the in-lake phosphorus (P) concentration is important in both the management of Lake Okeechobee and understanding basic P processes. The P contribution to the open waters of Lake Okeechobee from a rapid inundation of exposed SAV was calculated by four methods: cores of field-desiccated SAV, cores of lab-desiccated SAV in the presence and absence of sediments, in situ decomposition, and sequential macrophyte harvesting. P releases, given such an episodic event, were similar among the four methods, ranging from 116±48 to 384±528 mg/m² in the absence of sediment. When SAV is in contact with sediment, which is the realistic field situation, the amount of P released was four times less (30±14 mg/m²) than in the absence of sediment. The calculated P releases would result in total P concentration increases in the lake from 2 to 15 μg/liter (upper 95% CI=2–25 μg/liter) in the absence of sediment; only 1 μg/liter increase was predicted when SAV released P in contact with sediment. Thus it is unlikely that a significant rise in total P concentrations in the limnetic zone of the lake would occur from the export of P released during the desiccation of SAV in the littoral-marsh zone during a drawdown.     

英文摘要

Research of the Strategies for Wetland Envi- ronment Protection in Oiifield Production Process〈l） Sun ZhichaoI Zhang Lingkun2 Li Weiz （1. No. 1 Oil Production Plant of Petro China Huabei Oil fled Company; 2. Quality Safety and Environmental Protection Department of Petro China Huabei Oil field Company） ABSTRACT This paper describes the possible impacts on wetland ecological environment caused by oilfield production. By building the environment pollution accident model and analyzing the factors that may affect the ecological balance, the countermeasures of environment protection and clean production were discussed for No. 1 Oil Plant of Hoabei Oilfield. In aspects of daily management, tour inspection, ma- terial reserve, flood control facilities maintenance, emergency plan, the measures were proposed to ensure that the ecological environment would be effectively protected.     

ABSTRACT

Analysis of Environment Protection and Management for Underground Injection in Foreign and Domestic Oil Field（1）
Yan Lunjiang Chen Changzhao Tang Dan （ C NPC Research Institute of Safety ＆ Environment Technology）
ABSTRACT Underground injection is an important method for oil-exploitation wastewater disposal and there is few laws and regulations about it in China. In this article, the author details the requirements of laws and regulations nationwide in the USA and Canada within the respects of water pollution, underground injection and hazardous solid waste disposal and briefs the environmental management approaches of underground injection in EU and UK. On the basis of the surveys about the laws and regulations about underground injection, the author states briefly that China should formulate related laws and regulations, from the points of environmental pollution prevention and environmental risk control. Some proposals are also put forward for China on establishing laws, regulations and standards about underground injection.
KEY WORDS oil field;underground injection; environmental protection ; laws and regulations     

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Progress of Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries（ 1）

Petroleumand petrochemical producers are high energy- consuming enterprises and also are one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gas emissionstatistics, calculation and monito- ring can provide the basic information for participation in carbon trading, promote the sustainable development and achieve emission reduction tar- gets. High awareness of domestic and international greenhouse gas accounting standards weredescribed inthis paper, and petroleum and petrochemical indus- try inventory standardsissued and implemented were summarized and com- pared. On this basis, suggestions and measures such as improving greenhouse gas inventory standards, strengthening the verification of greenhouse gas e- missions and the establishment of greenhouse gas statistical and management systems were proposedforpetroleum and petrochemical industries     

国际期刊速览

<正>应对气候变化政策对制造业企业竞争力有何影响?《环境与资源经济学家学会杂志》(Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists)根据污染避难所假说,环境规制会增加污染企业的生产成本,进而降低企业产出、增加净进口。那么,应对气候变化政策是否影响碳密集型行业的竞争力?Joseph E.Aldy和William A.Pizer等人近期发表在Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists上的文章构建简约形式的计量     

国际期刊速览

区域间的水资源转移能否缓解中国不同地区的水资源短缺危机?《美国国家科学院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America)企业环境污染信息公开会影响房价吗?《环境经济学与环境管理杂志》(Journal of Environmental Economics and Management)中国出口隐含的健康成本《环境科学与技术》(Environmental Science & Technology)我们应该基于怎样的温室气体核算框架来制定全球气候政策?《自然气候变化》(Nature Climate Change)     

国际期刊速览

如何矫正中国煤炭消费的外部性影响?《应用能量》(Applied Energy)全球能源贸易对各国水资源会产生什么样的影响?《美国国家科学院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the UnitedStates of America)中国是否存在省界污染搭便车?《环境经济与管理》(Environmental Economics and Management)电动汽车造成环境负担不公平?《环境科学与技术》(Environmental Science &Technology)     

Regional differences in mercury levels in aquatic ecosystems: A discussion of possible causal factors with implications for the Tennessee river system and the Northern Hemisphere

Concern about mercury pollution from atmospheric deposition has risen markedly in the last decade because of high levels of mercury in freshwater fish from relatively pristine waters. Whereas high concentrations have been found principally in Canada, the northern United States, and Scandinavia, they have also recently been observed throughout much of Florida. Recent surveys of the Tennessee River system, however, have found no locations where fish levels exceed EPA guidelines for fish consumption. This paper evaluates a number of factors that may cause certain regions in the northern hemisphere to experience unacceptable fish mercury levels while other regions do not. Relevant regional differences include: (1) Waters of the Tennessee River system are generally nonacidic (pH>6) and well buffered, whereas 16%, 22%, and 40% of the lakes in upper Midwest, Northeast, and Florida, respectively, have acid-neutralizing capacities below 50 μeq/liter. Acidity correlates highly with fish mercury levels in a number of lake surveys, and experimental manipulations of acidity have significantly raised fish mercury levels. (2) The ratio of land area to water surface area in the Tennessee Valley averages about 30, whereas it is 15 in the upper Midwest and 6 in Florida. Low ratios allow mercury in precipitation to be directly deposited to aquatic bodies, without an opportunity for the mercury to be sequestered by terrestrial ecosystems. (3) Stream organic matter concentrations in Florida, the upper Midwest, and Sweden are 2–10 times those in the Tennessee Valley. Mercury binds strongly to organic matter, and organic matter transport in runoff is a major pathway by which mercury enters aquatic ecosystems.     

German drinking water regulations,pesticides, and axiom of concern

The limit value of 0.1 μg/liter for “substances used in plant treatment and pest control including their main toxic degradation products” (PBSM) established in the German Drinking Water Regulations (Trinkwasserverordnung) serves comprehensively to protect drinking water from unexpected toxicological risks and thus corresponds to theaxiom of concern (Besorgnisgrundsatz) contained in §11,2 of the Federal Communicable Disease Control Act (Bundesseuchengesetz), which is an essential cornerstone of the Drinking Water Regulations. Furthermore, precautionary values that are specific to the particular substance and near the valid limit can be found for about 10% of all registered active substances. The goal of the PBSM Recommendations of the Federal Health Office (BGA) issued in July 1989 is to preserve and restore groundwater and drinking water through measures to be taken by the causal party, while reducing consumer health risks to the greatest extent possible. The EC commission's drawbacks on these recommendations and the imminent EC-wide directive for the uniform registration of pesticides being based solely on Article 43 of the European Treaty would seriously endanger this goal. Therefore, a situation threatens in Europe similar to that in the United States, where at least 18 active ingredients have been detected in groundwater in concentrations of up to 1000 times the toxicologically established limits for drinking water. This article appeared first in the German journal?ffentliches Gesundheitswesen 52(8–9); 372–379, 1990. We thank the editor (Georg Thieme Verlag, D-7000 Stuttgart) for the kind permission to publish this slightly revised English version inEnvironmental Management.     

国际期刊速览

温室气体减排能否降低气候变化对水资源短缺的影响?《美国国家科学院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of theUnited States of America)大气污染控制是收益递减还是复合收益——以NO_X 和O₃ 控制为例《环境科学与技术》(Environmental Science & Technology)经济萧条期成为企业污染控制的偷懒期《环境与资源经济学》(Environmental and Resource Economics)大气污染控制是收益递减还是复合收益——以NO_X 和O₃ 控制为例《环境科学与技术》(Environmental Science & Technology)北京限行政策可否缓解大气污染?《公共经济学杂志》(Journal of Public Economics)     

最新环境保护标准

土壤有机碳的测定重铬酸钾氧化—分光光度法Soil-Determination of Organic Carbon-Potassium Dichromate Oxidation Spectrophotometric Method     

Rock phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic actinomycete isolates of earthworm casts

Four microbial isolates, OP2, OP3, OP6, and OP7, of earthworm casts ofPontoscolex corethrurus were found to be acid tolerant actinomycetes and efficient rock phosphate (RP) solubilizers that could grow fast on NH₄Cl-enriched or N-free carboxymethyl cellulose or glucose as sole carbon source. CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) induced production of extracellular cellulase enzyme and the production of reducing sugar in all the isolates. RP solubilizing power was observed to be inversely related to glucose consumption. The most efficient RP solubilizer was found to consume the least glucose. Growth was faster on cellulose than on glucose media. N-free CMC induced greater glucose production than NH₄Cl-enriched CMC medium. Both CMC and glucose media were acidified by all the isolates, however, RP solubilizing power decreased with acidification. Solubilization power was greatest with isolate OP7, which also produced the greatest amount of reducing sugar per gram CMC. Both RP solubilizing power and the cellulolytic efficiency varied among isolates. A minimum of 631 μg P/0.1 g RP and a maximum of 951.4 μg P/0.1 g RP was recorded.     

Eco-design and supply chain management a guide for environmental managers,purchasing managers & product designers

1、Introduction Helping suppliers Eco—design is the systematic application of env- ironmental life cycle considerations at the product development and design stage．Closely related to eco-design is supply chain management(SCM)which, in the environmental context,is the incorporation of environmental considerations into purchasing     

A Brief Introduction to the China Environmental Management College

The China Environmental Management College(CEMC) which is subordinate to theNational Environmental Protection Agency(NEPA) is the only adult college for environ-mental management staff training in China. CEMC is located in Qinhuangdao, a famousseaside city 200 kilometres northeast of Beijing. It covers an area of some 6.4 hectares.With a pleasant environment the college campus looks really inviting.     

欧盟RoHS指令实施在即绿色电子产业蓄势诗发

2006年7月,被电子行业称为"欧盟双绿指令"之一的<关于在电子电气设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令>(The Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous substances in Electnical and Electronic Equipment,简称RoHS)将在中国全面执行(另一指令为<关于在电子电气设备中限制使用某些有害物质的指令>,简称WEEE).     

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL ＆ GAS FIELDS

Evaluation Model and Method of Low Carbon Level of China＇s Oil and Gas Enterprises
ABSTRACT Basing on systematic ideology and process approach, this paper selected the ＂oil and gas extraction＂ and ＂petroleum refi ning＂ as two typical processes, considering about source adjustment, process control, emission utilization and comprehensive promoting systematically to establish a five factor system model named low-car- bon development in petroleum industry. Then the paper analyzed the factors using Life Cycle Analysis model and Driving Forces State Re sponse model in macro and micro levels respectively.