某钢厂烧结机脱硝除尘超低排放技术应用探讨

文章结合某钢厂现有烧结机湿法脱硫工艺,对颗粒物、氮氧化物(NOx)实施超低排放改造,吸取后置SCR脱硝及袋除尘器工艺路线的成功运行经验,对烧结机湿法脱硫后置SCR脱硝及袋除尘器工艺路线技术应用进行探讨,为钢铁行业烧结烟气治理提供参考依据。     

烧结机烟气超低排放技术

分析了钢铁行业烧结机烟气具有污染物成分复杂、工况波动大、烟气实现超低排放难度大的特点,介绍了实现除尘、脱硝、脱硫除尘一体的超低排放技术。     

超低排放背景下煤电机组氨管控存在的问题及对策探析

近年来,我国大气污染防治成效显著,煤电机组超低排放政策实施对此做出了突出贡献。氮氧化物是煤电机组超低排放中的重要控制指标之一。然而,受现有氮氧化物排放监测和喷氨控制技术的精度、反馈时效等因素的限制,为提高脱硝效率保证性,电厂在实际运行中存在过量喷氨现象,未完全反应的氨进入大气后可能造成二次颗粒物增加。针对这一现象,本文回顾了我国火电行业氮氧化物排放标准和治理措施的演化及实施效果,对煤电机组氨排放现状和存在的问题进行了深入分析,提出在推进氮氧化物超低排放过程中应开展脱硝过量喷氨现状调研,鼓励企业开展脱硝系统优化,加强复杂烟气环境下氨监测技术研发,完善脱硝氨逃逸日常环境监管,推动氨排放全生命周期转化规律基础研究和大气环境效应评估,进一步提升煤电机组超低排放政策实施的综合环境效益,也对其他行业超低排放政策推进起到示范作用。     

钢铁行业烟尘的无组织排放与控制

介绍了无组织排放的定义和特征,阐述了无组织排放控制基本思想,分析了钢铁企业常见的料场扬尘、物料转运扬尘、移动尘源污染、冶炼烟尘逸散等无组织排放产生原因,提出了控制方案。介绍了预荷电袋滤器和海岛纤维超细面层滤料等新技术成果及其工业应用,可为钢铁行业实现烟尘细颗粒物超低排放提供技术和装备支持,为企业环保提标改造提供工程案例。     

垃圾焚烧烟气超低排放改造技术探讨

介绍了国内外垃圾焚烧烟气处理技术和燃煤电厂超低排放改造路线,重点探讨了垃圾焚烧实施烟气超低排放改造存在的局限性,提出了今后研究的方向。     

导电玻璃钢湿电除尘器超低排放改造技术分析

介绍了不锈钢湿式静电除尘器、导电玻璃钢湿式静电除尘器、柔性极板湿式静电除尘器、径流湿式静电除尘器四种湿式静电除尘器的技术特点。以山西某热电有限公司2×300MW机组超低排放改造为例,分析了立管式导电玻璃钢湿电除尘器为改造方案的技术特点。运行结果显示,改造方案满足超低排放出口粉尘排放浓度≤5mg/Nm~3的要求,为超低排放改造工程项目提供了参考。     

烟气多种污染物协同超低排放技术剖析

对协同超低排放的概念进行了阐述,并结合国内外超低排放技术路线及相关技术,提出了超低排放改造的合理化建议。     

非电烟气治理半干法脱硫技术现状及发展趋势分析

随着我国火电超低排放改造逐渐完成,以及相关非电行业烟气排放政策、法规的实施,大气治理重点由电力行业转向非电行业.半干法因具有投资低、无废水、系统简单等特点,越来越多应用于非电行业烟气治理.因此,本文对各种主流半干法技术进行介绍与特点分析,并结合典型电力与非电烟气特点对比,提出了非电烟气半干法治理技术发展方向,为非电烟气...     

燃煤机组超低排放改造工艺及应用

介绍了超低排放改造中脱硝、脱硫、除尘改造的技术方法与工艺。以某公司2×300MW发电机组超低排放改造为例,采用增加催化剂用量+流场分析优化、新增二级脱硫塔+烟道气流均布、干式除尘器电源改造+新增湿式除尘器的技术路线,实现净烟气排放浓度NOX≤35mg/Nm~3、SO_2排放浓度≤25mg/Nm~3、烟尘排放浓度≤5mg/Nm~3,改造后满足国家超低排放标准。     

中国农业与工程机械尾气减排控制措施的费效分析

移动源尾气排放已成为我国空气污染的主要来源之一,相比于道路移动源来说,非道路移动源尾气排放的减排控制工作仍处于初级阶段。本研究就非道路移动源尾气减排控制的三种主要措施——整车淘汰、发动机更换以及发动机维修,对中国非道路工程和农业机械进行费效分析,探讨经济可行的控制途径。研究假设农业和工程机械的使用年限分别为15年和10年,同时假设采取减排措施后所有机械均达到国IV排放标准。研究表明,采取减排措施后,农业机械每年可减排NOx 40万～45万t,但PM污染物减排效益不明显;工程机械每年可减排NOx约52万t,且PM污染物每年可减排量约16万t,但费用可高达2000亿～25 000亿元,且不同措施的差别巨大,以整车淘汰费用最高。多数农业机械发动机维修所需费用高于发动机更换,相反,工程机械发动机更换所需费用高于发动机维修。因此,在采用减排措施和制定政策时,需要根据实际情况进行调整。对农业机械,采用发动机更换的减排方式更经济;对工程机械,采用发动机维修的减排措施更实惠。     

Projected Changes in Discharge in an Agricultural Watershed in Iowa

Our improved capability to adapt to the future changes in discharge is linked to our capability to predict the magnitude or at least the direction of these changes. For the agricultural United States Midwest, too much or too little water has severe socioeconomic impacts. Here, we focus on the Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, and use a statistical approach to examine projected changes in discharge. We build on statistical models using rainfall and harvested corn and soybean acreage to explain the observed discharge variability. We then use projections of these two predictors to examine the projected discharge response. Results are based on seven global climate models part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). There is not a strong signal of change in the discharge projections under the RCP 4.5. However, the results for the RCP 8.5 point to a stronger changing signal related to larger projected increases in rainfall, resulting in increased trends, in particular, in the upper part of the discharge distribution (i.e., 60th percentile and above). Examination of two hypothetical agricultural scenarios indicates that these increasing trends could be alleviated by decreasing the extent of the agricultural production. We also discuss how the methodology presented in this study represents a viable approach to move forward with the concept of return period for engineering design and management in a nonstationary world.     

Environmental assessment in countries in transition: evolution in a changing context

Over the last fifteen years, Environmental Assessment systems of transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia have undergone dramatic change from appraisals integrated into centrally planned economies to formal procedures aimed to ensure interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts and linked to publicly accountable decision-making. In most Central European nations, EA systems have been radically reformed to approximate the procedures used in developed countries, particularly in the European Union. In contrast, EA in most of the former Soviet republics has been reformed more gradually and is still based on the so-called State Environmental Review procedure inherited from the USSR and substantially different from 'Western' EA. About one-third of the transitional countries (in the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia) have, so far, failed to establish functioning EA systems. Throughout the region, there has been a gap between EA legislation and practice, especially concerning interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts, public participation, and utilisation of EA findings in decision-making. A key driving force in the reform of EA systems has been the change in their societal context, the so-called 'process of transition'. Three main policy agendas--environmental protection, reforms of decision-making, and conforming to international requirements--along with the institutional context of EA regulations and practice have influenced both the change of EA systems over time and the regional variations in the patterns of their evolution. This study suggests that an effective reform of an EA system should be context-sensitive, or be 'in gear' with the political and economic transition. Future EA research should consider their changing societal contexts and focused on practical effects of applying EA procedures.     

Community-company relations in gold mining in Ghana

As a result of Structural Adjustment Programme from the 1980s, many developing countries have experienced an increase in resource extraction activities by international and transnational corporations. The work reported here examines the perceived impacts of gold mining at the community level in the Wassa West District of Ghana, Africa and discusses those perceived impacts in the context of globalization processes and growing multinational corporate interest in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Interview data compared community members' perceptions with those of company representatives in three communities. The results indicate that communities held companies responsible for a series of economic, social, and environmental changes. While recognizing some of the benefits brought by the mines, communities felt that the companies did not live up to their responsibility to support local development. Companies responded by denying, dismissing concerns, or shifting blame. Findings from this work show that lack of engagement and action by government agencies at all levels resulted in companies acting in a surrogate governmental capacity. In such situations, managing expectations is key to community-company relations.     

电催化氧化处理难降解废水技术研究进展

电催化氧化处理难降解废水技术已得到了广泛关注.本文从电极材料与应用,电极结构及反应器形状,以及与其它处理方法联用等综述了最新研究进展,并在此基础上总结出了电催化氧化技术今后的发展方向.     

我国城市生态评价研究进展

城市建设带来了越来越多的生态环境问题，生态城市建设是解决这些问题的良好途径。生态城市的建设要有一定的评价体系作为支撑，本文综述了国内基于AHP方法建立的应用较为广泛的城市生态评价体系和方法，并对国内城市生态评价的现状做了分析。     

Private participation in isolated grids in Mozambique

This article presents a case study from Mozambique of the electrification of two selected towns under a World Bank financed project. Low-cost electricity services were extended to the two isolated areas after an enabling framework had been created for private sector participation. The World Bank project also demonstrates that the private sector can be attracted to participate in rural electrification schemes even in a poor country. The example shown in this article is one of the few of its kind in SubSaharan Africa.     

Sustainability Appraisal in neighbourhood planning in England

The preparation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) inclusive sustainability appraisals (SAs) for neighbourhood plans (NPs) in England may be required when significant environmental effects are expected to arise from an NP. In this paper, we report on the result of a Ph.D. project, conducted between 2012 and 2015, in which all 15 NP SEA inclusive SAs that had been completed at the time were evaluated. In this context, the quality of SA practice was found to differ substantially. SAs were prepared either ‘in-house’ (i.e. by neighbourhood planning steering groups) or by consultants. The quality of SAs was found to be associated with their overall perceived degree of influence on the underlying NPs. Whilst the focus of this paper is on practice in England, findings are expected to be of interest to a wider international audience, in particular to those experimenting with voluntary neighbourhood/local level plan SA/SEA.     

Status and trends in EFlows in southern Africa

Environmental Flows (EFlows) are defined as the quantity, timing and quality of the flow of water, sediment and biota necessary to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems, and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. As such they are a vital component of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). A recent survey found that, in general, Africa lags behind schedule with respect to the global SDG Target 6.5 to implement IWRM at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate. This web-based review explores progress made in EFlows Assessments and implementing their outcomes in southern Africa. It outlines the apparent impetus to the uptake of EFlows provided by legislation, common funding mechanisms for EFlows assessment and evolving trends in EFlows assessment. It also highlights instances of implementation of EFlows in both in-country and transboundary settings.     

Pesticides in rain in four agricultural watersheds in the United States

Rainfall samples were collected during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons at four agricultural locales across the USA in Maryland, Indiana, Nebraska, and California. The samples were analyzed for 21 insecticides, 18 herbicides, three fungicides, and 40 pesticide degradates. Data from all sites combined show that 7 of the 10 most frequently detected pesticides were herbicides, with atrazine (70%) and metolachlor (83%) detected at every site. Dacthal, acetochlor, simazine, alachlor, and pendimethalin were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and diazinon were the only insecticides among the 10 most frequently detected compounds. Of the remaining pesticide parent compounds, 18 were detected in fewer than 30% of the samples, and 13 were not detected. The most frequently detected degradates were deethylatrazine; the oxygen analogs (OAs) of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion; and 1-napthol (degradate of carbaryl). Deethylatrazine was detected in nearly 70% of the samples collected in Maryland, Indiana, and Nebraska but was detected only once in California. The OAs of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were detected primarily in California. Degradates of the acetanilide herbicides were rarely detected in rain, indicating that they are not formed in the atmosphere or readily volatilized from soils. Herbicides accounted for 91 to 98% of the total pesticide mass deposited by rain except in California, where insecticides accounted for 61% in 2004. The mass of pesticides deposited by rainfall was estimated to be less than 2% of the total applied in these agricultural areas.     

Investment in human capital in Africa

Summary The author analyses the problems currently faced by the African continent, recognises six factors which he believes are important in influencing the analysis, and argues that the only secure, renewable asset any country or continent has, is its people. He maintains that people development, rather than the classical economic forms of encouraging development, offers Africa a viable way forward. He then identifies a number of specific issues within such a strategy of investment in human capital.Brian Walker is the President of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), and this address was given at the inaugural meeting of the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless, in London, on 18th April, 1985. A second, earlier, associated address was published inThe Environmentalist 5(3) 167–170.