整车道路腐蚀试验的统计结果与分析

通过统计近几年来国内外各企业在海南试验场进行的整车道路腐蚀试验结果,进行分类对比分析,得出相关结论,为整车防腐工艺设计和道路腐蚀试验结果评价提供辅助参考。     

典型乘用车整车道路强化腐蚀试验方法对比分析

整车道路强化腐蚀试验是汽车防腐质量控制体系中的核心工作,本文对比分析了美系、欧系以及自主品牌汽车典型道路强化腐蚀试验方法的差异,解读国际知名汽车企业整车道路强化腐蚀试验方法制定的依据,为我国自主品牌汽车企业尤其是新能源汽车企业开发适应全球不同腐蚀环境、腐蚀环境因素来源以及腐蚀控制目标的汽车整车提供技术借鉴。     

汽车综合耐久试验和强化腐蚀试验腐蚀相关性研究

本文期望通过研究汽车综合耐久试验与强化腐蚀试验工况环境下的腐蚀相关性,找到整车综合耐久试验和整车道路强化腐蚀试验工况环境下的腐蚀当量关系,进而评估综合耐久试验车辆和实际用户车辆的腐蚀相关性,用来指导汽车产品设计验证开发。     

汽车大气腐蚀/老化试验标准分析

汽车整车及零部件的腐蚀/老化会影响汽车的外观、使用功能等,因此,国内外各主机厂在研发设计新车型时非常重视汽车的腐蚀/老化,并通过腐蚀试验验证耐腐蚀性能。本文分析了汽车整车、零部件、材料的腐蚀试验及相关标准,为汽车腐蚀技术人员提供参考。     

汽车腐蚀试验常见腐蚀问题分析与防腐优化

本文以整车道路腐蚀试验数据为基础,介绍了常见腐蚀部位,阐述了影响腐蚀的相关因素。此外,通过防腐工艺对比,提出防腐优化建议。     

两种塑料电镀工艺的耐腐蚀性能研究

通过塑料电镀黑铬件、塑料电镀白铬件在铜加速乙酸盐雾试验及整车强化腐蚀试验中的腐蚀表征,对比两种塑料电镀工艺的耐腐蚀性能的差异;通过铜加速乙酸盐雾试验、整车强化腐蚀试验对两种电镀工艺的耐腐蚀性能进行分析,结果表明黑铬工艺的耐腐蚀性能弱于白铬电镀工艺,并通过SEM分析对其耐腐蚀性能的差异进行机理分析。     

整车电场辐射发射的数据分析评价方法

本文以GB 34660-2017对整车电场辐射发射要求为基础,结合车型开发综合评价需求.通过对法规需求分析以及整车电磁发射状态特点分析,从整车评价的角度对提出了一种整车电场辐射发射的数据分析评价方法.     

汽车整车濒海热带沙漠环境失效行为研究

本文对汽车整车在沙特吉达地区滨海热带沙漠环境中的外观及功能失效行为进行了分析与探讨。结果表明,汽车整车在该地区的主要失效行为包括发白、开裂、玻纤外露、腐蚀生锈等,同时具备汽车整车国内典型干热、湿热气候环境失效行为特征,试验结果对国内汽车出口产品的耐候性设计具有指导意义。     

汽车整车自然暴露试验评价方法前期研究

主要介绍汽车整车自然暴露试验评价方法,基于整车厂长期进行汽车整车自然暴露试验,对整车进行表观检测、性能检查及其他项目检测,通过分析试验结果,归纳汽车内外饰件常见缺陷,按照失效程度和不同部件类型,为整车耐候性进行等级划分,建立整车系统化评价方法。     

纯电动汽车换电机构防腐性能设计及验证研究

本文通过针对纯电动换电汽车换电机构的防腐性能进行设计,策划了换电机构防腐性能验证方案,通过零部件盐雾腐蚀试验进行系统验证,通过整车道路强化腐蚀试验进行耐腐蚀可靠性验证,进而建立一套防腐性能优异、耐久性能稳定可靠的换电机构,和一套验证换电机构可靠的防腐性能验证方案,支撑纯电动换电汽车的发展。     

高含CO2天然气运输管道缓蚀剂的筛选

大多数天然气藏CO2含量为10%~98%,CO2在不同的温度、压力条件下腐蚀极其严重。文章主要针对高含CO2天然气运输管道腐蚀的问题,开展缓蚀剂的筛选,重点开展CO2腐蚀规律研究与实验,评价环境温度、CO2分压、流动速度对腐蚀规律的影响,明确缓蚀剂的影响因素,结合管材的材质,优选评价不同类型的缓蚀剂,缓蚀效率分别为90.53%和92.64%,在管道凝液介质的气相及液相中都有较高的缓蚀效率。通过设计现场加药工艺及制度,监测评价缓蚀剂缓释效果和腐蚀情况,可防止管道运输过程中CO2腐蚀的侵害,长输管线内腐蚀控制良好。     

基于腐蚀损伤表征参数的铝合金预腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展修正模型

服役环境中的腐蚀介质会在铝合金表面形成以腐蚀坑为代表的典型点蚀形貌。在疲劳载荷作用下,这些腐蚀坑会有助于裂纹的萌生,加速并影响其扩展行为,威胁结构安全。考虑腐蚀坑的影响,建立了一个基于腐蚀损伤表征参数的线弹性裂纹扩展表征模型。利用航空结构中常见承力构件所采用的LD2铝合金进行验证性实验。结果表明,所建立的模型能够反映出腐蚀损伤对于裂纹扩展行为的影响,对于铝合金构件的腐蚀疲劳寿命预测和损伤容限评估具有参考价值。     

Studies of corrosion tendency of drinking water in the distribution system at the University of Benin

Ensemble of corrosion indices was combined to study the corrosion tendency of the drinking water supply at the University of Benin, Nigeria. The experimental results were analysed in terms of three corrosion indices-Langelier Index, Ryznar Index and Larson–Skold Index. According to the evaluation, the Langelier Index ranged from −5.569 to −3.684, Ryznar Index was between 13.340 and 16.418 while the Larson–Skold Index was between 1.191 and 31.750. Results indicated that the water may be corrosive. A regression of these indices on iron concentration (ppm) showed that Langelier Index, Ryznar Index and Larson–Skold Index have R ² of 0.5868, 0.6577 and 0.7063, respectively. The positive correlation between iron levels and the corrosion indices suggested that iron levels were directly related to increase in corrosion tendency.     

采油用油田化学剂对鱼类的急性毒性实验研究

以白鲢鱼为实验生物,采用半静态实验方法,研究了几种油田化学剂的半致死浓度和安全浓度。研究表明:防膨剂、杀菌剂K、杀菌剂L、清蜡剂、四氟硼酸、酸化缓蚀剂、阻垢剂、阻垢缓蚀剂、缓蚀阻垢剂和破乳剂的96h半致死浓度LC50值分别为0.68、1.6、9.3、25、123、510、620、3240、4570、7410mg/L。根据化学物质对鱼类毒性物质分级标准,防膨剂属于剧毒物质;杀菌剂K、杀菌剂L和清蜡剂属于高毒物质;四氟硼酸、酸化缓蚀剂和阻垢剂属于中毒物质;阻垢缓蚀剂、缓蚀阻垢剂和破乳剂属于低毒物质。这几种油田化学剂的安全浓度为0.068～741mg/L。此研究可为评价油田化学剂对水生生物的影响,制定废水排放浓度标准提供依据。     

The relation between objective and subjective exposure to traffic noise around two suburban highway viaducts in Ghent: lessons for urban environmental policy

A growing empirical evidence base identifies environmental noise exposure as an important health problem. While the health effects depend for a great part on personal noise sensitivity and contextual factors, in environmental policy, generic noise standards and procedures based on objective sound levels are used. In this article, the relation between objective and subjective noise exposure variables is further explored by carrying out a residents’ survey in a highly noise polluted area along two highways south of the city centre of Ghent, Belgium. The survey results show only a weak correlation between objective and subjective exposure variables, with both variables demonstrating different associations with the respondents’ background characteristics. While lower-educated and lower-income people are generally higher exposed according to the models, they do not report a higher subjective exposure. People who have been living longer in the area are not necessarily higher exposed according to the models but do report a higher subjective exposure. Most strikingly, owners of a comfortable detached house report a higher subjective exposure than renters of an apartment or small house, while the latter group is significantly higher exposed according to the models. The results support a plea for the joint evaluation of both objective and subjective noise exposure variables in environmental policy and environmental assessments. In addition, the results argue for specific attention for noise exposure of socio-economically vulnerable people and the establishment of a shared knowledge base on noise exposure with both objective and subjective information.     

水利旅游吸引力评价模型与实证研究

水利旅游是水利经济的新兴增长点，吸引力评价是旅游开发的基础性研究。借鉴引力理论，构建了由25个指标组成的水利旅游吸引力评价指标体系，运用AHP—PCA—Borda主客观组合评价法，对我国水利旅游吸引力进行了实证评价。结果表明，水利旅游吸引力地区不平衡，江苏、广东、山东、湖北、河南、浙江、湖南、北京和江西等省水利旅游吸引力较强，西部省份和处于我国版图中轴线附近的省份水利旅游吸引力较弱。     

在役油气管道安全可靠性评估方法初探

由于受老化、腐蚀等因素的影响,在役油气管道运行急切需要提高其安全可靠性,减少事故,延长使用寿命。文章分析了管道失效的早期失效期、偶然故障期和耗损失效期的特点,重点探讨了偶然故障期油气管道运行可靠性评估方法,给出了设备及油气管道可靠性评估指标。最后,对我国在役油气管道开展安全可靠性评估提出了建议。     

Evaluating Environmental Sustainability: An Integration of Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Fuzzy Logic

While pursuing economic development, countries around the world have become aware of the importance of environmental sustainability; therefore, the evaluation of environmental sustainability has become a significant issue. Traditionally, multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) was widely used as a way of evaluating environmental sustainability, Recently, several researchers have attempted to implement this evaluation with fuzzy logic since they recognized the assessment of environmental sustainability as a subjective judgment Intuition. This paper outlines a new evaluation-framework of environmental sustainability, which integrates fuzzy logic into MCDM. This evaluation-framework consists of 36 structured and 5 unstructured decision-points, wherein MCDM is used to handle the former and fuzzy logic serves for the latter, With the integrated evaluation-framework, the evaluations of environmental sustainability in 146 countries are calculated, ranked and clustered, and the evaluation results are very helpful to these countries, as they identify their obstacles towards environmental sustainability.     

CO_2/H_2S共存腐蚀与缓蚀技术研究进展

文章综述了目前国内外开展CO2/H2S共存条件下的腐蚀机理、腐蚀影响因素以及控制CO2/H2S共存腐蚀的缓蚀剂等研究的最新成果。提出有必要对CO2/H2S共存环境中的金属腐蚀行为及规律、二者对钢材腐蚀的协同作用和交互影响、金属表面腐蚀产物膜对金属基体的保护性能、腐蚀影响因素的主要方面以及控制腐蚀的缓蚀技术、特别是缓蚀剂的合成及缓蚀机理等进行先导性的研究。