首都大学生的自然灾害认知调查与减灾教育建议

2006年国际减灾日的主题是"减灾始于学校",了解学生的灾害认知水平有助于减灾教育工作的有效开展。以北京5所高校的大学生为调查对象,通过问卷方式调查大学生对自然灾害的关注程度、防灾意识、灾害理论知识、应急行为知识以及对减灾教育的看法。问卷统计结果表明:大学生总体的灾害认知水平较低,现行减灾教育方式和内容与学生的期望有较大偏差。在此基础上,提出了减灾教育内容要将学生"该知道的"与"想知道的"相结合,通过演练演习等方式提高学生的防灾应急实际技能等减灾教育建议。     

如何做好城市防震避险工作

对于生活在城市的居民来说,当遇到有感地震和破坏性地震时该如何识别、避险和逃生尤为重要。深入宣传教育,做好防震减灾准备工作心理承受能力与准备的程度成正比。地震知识掌握越多,防震物资准备越充分,思想准备越到位,震时就能够坦然面对,地震发生时就越能做到遇震不慌。反之,对地震常识一无所知,缺乏必要的思想与物资准备,     

非英语专业学生写作中常见的问题与改进建议

针对学生提出的英语写作难这一问题进行了专项调查，发现他们在实践写作中存在语篇、语用、语义等较深层次的错误和句子结构、语法层次、汉式表达等基础层次的错误。因而，从师与生、教与学两个角度提出了相应的建议：明确教师与学生的职责，把听、说、读、写四项基本技能融为一体。     

现有评价方法在油气长输管道工程安全评价中的应用

油气长输管道工程的安全评价工作正在成为新建及在役管道安全运行的保障。针对目前国内已开展的油气长输管道工程安全评价现状,结合自身安全评价工作实践,对现有评价方法在油气长输管道工程安全评价中的应用进行了讨论,并提出相应建议。     

"燃烧假人"测试方法中燃烧系统设计研究

“燃烧假人”测试方法中火场环境生成是对服装整体阻燃性能进行定量评估的前提，而燃烧系统设计是实现具有可重复性、一致性、均匀性等特点火场环境的关键。本文对燃烧系统的需求进行了分析，对其构成及设计思路进行了研究，提出了一种解决方案。     

THE FATE OF NITRATE IN LAKE SEDIMENT COLUMNS1

ABSTRACT: To investigate the magnitude of denitrification and assimilatory nitrate reduction as these reactions relate to the fate of nitrate reaching sediments via groundwater seepage, undisturbed core samples of sediments (40 cm length) from two lakes (Mendota and Tomahawk) were leached from the bottom (at 1.4 cm/day) with a solution of ¹⁵N-nitrate (10 mg N/liter). The sediment columns were fitted with Pt electrodes to measure the oxidation-reduction (Eh) potential. While leaching removed considerable ammonium-N and soluble organic N, essentially no ¹⁵N had passed through the columns by 50 days. The Eh readings indicated that denitrification was occurring in the lower portions of the columns. The ¹⁵N distribution of the sediment N after 50 days showed that about 15 to 26% of the added nitrate-N was converted to organic N and ammonium-N. The data show that denitrification can be a significant N sink in seepage lakes.     

畜禽沼液中抗生素和激素的微波处理

通过间歇处理和连续处理实验，探讨微波技术对沼液中四环素类抗生素和激素喹乙醇去除的效果。结果表明，沼液在微波间歇处理中，最优反应时间为40min。此条件下沼液中喹乙醇、土霉素、四环素和金霉素的去除率分别达到26％、49％、48％和70％；微波可显著提高可生化性，BOD5／COD值达到0．37。微波一好氧处理系统中COD与氨氮的去除率分别达到91％和93％，明显优于单独好氧处理。沼液微波连续处理中，最优HRT为90min，此时喹乙醇、土霉素、四环素和金霉素的去除率分别达到24％、45％、50％和74％；BOD5／COD值达到0．34。微波．好氧处理系统中COD与氨氮的去除率均为90％，优于单独好氧处理效果。     

k-C*模型的人工湿地模拟研究

采用自由表面流人工湿地,对广东省中山市某小区对应段的河涌进行生态修复改造。基于k-C*模型的计算结果表明,在对现有河涌的面积的利用下,TP和NH4+-N的去除效果受到限制。采用多因素正交实验对模型的计算结果进行实验验证和分析,研究了4种植物、4种基质,分别在2、4、6和8 d水力停留时间(HRT)下对TP和NH4+-N的去除效果,得到影响TP和NH4+-N去除效果的因素主次顺序分别为基质→植物→HRT和基质→HRT→植物;各因素的最佳水平条件分别为:风车草、颗粒活性炭、4 d(HRT)。在最佳水平条件下进行实验,结果表明,TP和NH4+-N的浓度均可达到出水排放标准浓度指标。k-C*模型的计算值总是比实验值偏高,但两者之间的误差在一个数量级范围内。     

Performance measurement for incineration plants using multi-activity network data envelopment analysis: The case of Taiwan

This study proposes the use of multi-activity network data envelopment analysis to appraise how incineration plants in Taiwan perform. Sample data from 2006 is used to examine the trade-offs between efficiency enhancement and pollution abatement. The respective efficiencies of the waste treatment and electricity generation are also assessed in a unified framework. The empirical results indicate that it is more important to improve the efficiency of waste treatment activity than of electricity generation activity in order to enhance the overall performance of Taiwan's incinerators. Since ownership, location and length of operations do not in general affect their performance, any improvement has to come from the careful monitoring of each process of the waste treatment operations. Furthermore, given that the policy in Taiwan has moved away from incineration to recycling, the problem of an over-supply of incinerators may become apparent in the near future. Our results indicate that the availability of capacity size may be an important factor when policy-makers consider whether to close down some existing incinerators.     

GC/MS法测定润滑油基础油中多环芳烃

对润滑油基础油中多环芳烃的气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)测定方法进行了研究,探讨了样品的提取,固相萃取柱净化等前处理方法,同时也对仪器测定条件进行了优化.结果表明,在检测润滑油基础油中多环芳烃时,经优化的GC/MS法的加标回收率和精密度均达到较满意的水平.