WASP水质模型在辽河干流污染减排模拟中的应用

运用WASP模型对辽河流域实施水质改善方案后水质的变化进行模拟,以辽河干流铁岭段水质指标COD为例,结合流域污染削减目标寻求合理的减排任务分配方案。结果袁明：根据不同季节灵活地分配减排任务,辽河干漉铁岭段年削减COD1．74—2．49万吨可使其水质状况得到明显改善,迭到减排耳标。     

应用生态动力学模型评价上海淀山湖富营养化控制方案

近年来,由于淀山湖入湖河流和环湖污水排放,淀山湖水质严重富营养化,夏季高温季节蓝藻水华时有发生。基于最近开展的比较系统的大规模水文、水质、生物同步监测和底质氮磷营养盐释放通量实验,进行入湖氮磷营养盐通量计算分析。通过建立淀山湖水动力一生态动力学耦合模型,利用同步实测和历史资料进行水动力模型和生态动力学模型的率定验证,模拟典型风场作用下的淀山湖三维流场特征;利用生态动力学模型系统研究淀山湖氮磷营养盐和藻类的时空变化和演替规律,初步掌握淀山湖的富营养化过程;综合评价了污染负荷削减、水力调度（水体停留时间）等措施对控制淀山湖富营养化的作用,明确磷是淀山湖藻类生长的关键营养盐限制因子。模型预测结果表明,磷负荷削减50％以上才能使淀山湖夏季蓝藻生物量开始下降;削减90％以上的营养盐负荷才能有效抑制蓝藻水华;水体停留时间的长短是藻类是否过度繁殖的重要条件,加大引水流量,减少淀山湖水体停留时间是有效控制蓝藻水华的重要途径;目前阶段,与控制营养盐负荷（50％）相比,增大引水流量可以更有效地降低蓝藻暴发时的生物量。     

完整物理过程下南黄海浮游生态动力学数值研究I.模型建立

为了对南黄海进行生态动力学模型研究,不但需要选取合理的生态变量和生化过程及过程参数,而且还需要模型能够客观地再现该海域关键的物理过程.在建立波浪-环流-潮流共同作用的中国近海水动力模型的基础上,建立完整物理过程下的南黄海三维浮游生态动力学模型,旨在通过数值模拟认识南黄海的生态动力特征,并探讨关键的物理过程对生态的影响,特别是潮流和波浪混合对浮游植物时空分布的作用机制.本文先给出理论模型及模型配置.     

大气环境质量现状评价模型存在的问题及改进——以沈阳大气指数模型为例

文章分析了几类大气环境质量现状评价模型各自存在的问题,针对这些问题,选择了较典型的沈阳大气指数模型,首先对原模型中参数进行修正,使其成为与当前执行的环境空气质量标准相对应的综合指数模型,其次,基于概率统计思想对模型进行改进,得到不同保证率下的大气环境质量现状评价模型,最后,运用SPSS软件进行实证分析,改进后模型得到的评价结果更能准确反映区域实际大气环境质量现状。     

上海南区污水输送干线世博期间排水安全保障

上海世界博览会将于2010年5月至10月召开,会展期跨越上海市夏季主汛期。届时如何保障世博园区的排水安全和水质安全,对接纳园区污水的已建干线排水系统是一个极大的考验。通过建立上海市南干线排水管网系统的数学水力集成模型,对世博园区污水接入后南干线的水力状态进行模拟,预测世博园区的排水风险,提出世博期间南干线的排水安全保障方案,为世博会期间的防洪保安奠定基础。     

清江水布垭水库水环境容量计算

结合清江水布垭库区水文监测资料,水功能区划,采用相关的水环境容量计算模型,测算了清江水布垭库区的理论水环境容量,进而计算了其有效水环境容量,结果表明:清江流域水布垭库区的理论水环境容量分别为:COD 58782.8t/a,NH3-N1598.8t/a,,TN2763.5t/a,TP 1381.8t/a。有效水环境容量分别为:COD 45715.4t/a,NH3-N1359t/a,TP 2349t/a,TN1174.5t/a。     

污染减排影响经济发展的投入产出模型及实证分析

构建了环境经济投入产出模型,针对淘汰落后产能对经济发展的影响进行了实证研究,定量计算了2006～2007年问淘汰落后产能对于经济社会发展的贡献度和影响.研究表明,虽然淘汰落后产能对于传统的国民经济发展指标有一定负面影响,但对于优化经济增长方式确实起到了积极作用.一是优化了产业结构,第一、二、三产业结构由2005年的12.4%,48.6%,39.0%调整为2006年的12.5%,48.2%和39.3%,2007年调整为12.6%,47.8%和39.6%,第二产业所占比重逐步下降,第三产业所占比重逐步上升;在第二产业内部.造纸、食品、电力、炼焦、金属冶炼、非金属矿物制品业等重污染行业的增加值所占比重持续下降,产业结构逐步得到优化.二是提高了经济效率,从涉及到的造纸、食品、电力、炼焦、金属冶炼、非金属矿物制品业6个产业部门2006年和2007年的COD和SO_2的产污系数看,都比2005年有所降低.2006年和2007年,食品制造业的单位增加值COD排放量比2005年分别下降了6.6%和25.0%;金属冶炼及压延加工业的单位增加值SO_2排放量比2005年分别下降3.5%和6.9%.     

Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal for assessing the toxicity induced by microcystin-LR

Among more than 75 variants of microcystin(MC),microcystin-LR(MC-LR) is one of the most common toxins.In this study,the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate MC-LR toxicity was studied.C.elegans was treated with MC-LR at different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 80 μg/L.The results showed that MC-LR could reduce lifespan,delay development,lengthen generation time,decrease brood size,suppress locomotion behavior,and decreases hsp-16-2-gfp expression.The endpoints of generation time,brood...     

Development and application of a two-dimensional water quality model for the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake

Water quality models are important tools to support the optimization of aquatic ecosystem rehabilitation programs and assess their efficiency. Basing on the flow conditions of the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake, China, two-dimensional water quality model was developed in the research. The hydrodynamics module was numerically solved by the alternating direction iteration (ADI) method. The parameters of the water quality module were obtained through the in situ experiments and the lab analyses that were conducted from 2006 to 2007. The model was calibrated and verified by the observation data in 2007. Among the four modelled key variables that were water level, CODcr, NH3-N and PO4-P, the minimum value of the coefficient of determination (CoD) was 0.69, which mean the model performed reasonably well. The developed model was then applied to simulate the water quality changes at the downstream cross-section assuming that the designed restoration programs were implemented. According to the simulated results, the restoration programs could cut down the loads of CODcr and PO4-P about 15%, however, they would have very little effect on the NH3-N removal. Besides, the water quality at the outlet cross-section would be still in class V (3838-02), indicating more measures should be taken to further reduce the loads. The study demonstrated the capability of water quality models to support aquatic ecosystem restorations.     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS) was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). The removal rates of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4 +-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.