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排序方式: 共有303条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
使用建筑弃土与污泥堆肥配制营养土并应用于园林绿化。以凤仙花为研究对象,通过盆栽实验观察和对比分析了凤仙花从播种到开花整个生命过程的生长指标,并对其结果进行模糊评价。结果表明,凤仙花播种期和生长期各生长指标随着营养土中堆肥含量的增加而增加,并在堆肥施用量30%时达到最佳;营养土中的重金属对凤仙花的生长速度有抑制效应,主要集中在播种期和生长期初期,随着凤仙花的生长成熟,重金属的胁迫效应持续减少,并在成熟期显著降低,重金属对凤仙花地表部分的抑制更为明显;建筑弃土与污泥堆肥配制的营养土对园林植物营养效果良好,成熟期的凤仙花生物量大幅度增加,最大增幅550%;通过模糊评价并综合考虑配置方案,最佳堆肥施用量为30%。 相似文献
92.
Abstract The feasibility of using agricultural residual with highly organic matter content ‐ spent mushroom compost (SMC) as adsorption medium for removal of pesticides including carbaryl, carbofuran, and aldicarb with a concentration range of 0–30 mg/L from rinsate was investigated. Bottle‐point method was used to determine adsorption isotherms for single‐pesticide and multi‐pesticides. It was found that SMC might potentially be used for on‐farm treatment of pesticide rinsate. The adsorption capacity of SMC was increased compared to most soils, possibly related to the increased organic matter content. The rapid equilibrium of pesticide solution and SMC was consistent with a physical type of adsorption mechanism. The adsorption of carbamate pesticides on SMC was found to exhibit nonlinear “favorable”; adsorption behavior that could be characterized well by the Freundlich isotherm model. In addition, the multi‐pesticide adsorption tests displayed the characteristics of competitive behavior. The competitive ability of these three pesticides in multi‐components adsorption was in the order carbaryl > carbofuran > aldicarb, which was consistent with the adsorbability of pesticides. 相似文献
93.
猪粪堆肥中一株溶磷菌的筛选鉴定及溶磷能力初步测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从猪粪堆肥中分离纯化得到一株具有较强溶磷能力的菌株PSM-1,进行了形态学和分子生物学鉴定,研究了其溶磷能力和遗传稳定性.结果表明:通过菌落形态和ITS基因序列分析鉴定,菌株PSM-1为产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum);在3种不同无机磷源液体培养基中其溶磷量依次为Ca3(PO4)2(138.36 mg·L-1)Fe PO4(117.38 mg·L-1)Al PO4(113.76 mg·L-1),且PSM-1的溶磷量均与培养液p H值呈现出显著负相关性;以葡萄糖为碳源、硝酸铵为氮源时,菌株PSM-1的溶磷量最高可达195.67 mg·L-1,比初始有效磷高141.42%;该菌株对碳源和氮源的利用效率分别依次为:葡糖糖蔗糖麦芽糖淀粉,硝酸铵硝酸钾硫酸铵草酸铵;经过20次传代培养后PSM-1的溶磷量保持在(124.54±3.50)mg·L-1,说明其溶磷遗传稳定性良好.研究表明:PSM-1菌株具有良好的溶解无机磷的能力,在土壤微生态改良方面具有重要的应用潜力. 相似文献
94.
95.
文章主要对城市污泥好氧发酵产物用于草坪基质后,对草坪建植指标的影响,包括萌发密度、根重和盖度进行了分析。结果表明施用污泥发酵物对草坪萌发密度和根重无显著影响。盖度指标上,高施用量污泥发酵物表现出显著的提升效应。污泥发酵物的施入对成坪后基质的抗撕裂强度有一定程度降低,但对运输造成的基质完整性并无显著负面影响。 相似文献
96.
Qingrong Qian Motoi Machida Masami Aikawa Hideki Tatsumoto 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(1):53-61
Activated carbons were prepared from cattle manure compost (CMC) by ZnCl2 activation with various ZnCl2/CMC mass ratios. Based on the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, mathematical models including the Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equation, the αs plot, and the Horvath-Kawazoe method were used to analyze the pore structural characteristics of the prepared activated carbons.
It was found that for carbons possessing both micro-and mesopores, the DR method provided a more accurate estimation than
the αs method for the extent of microporosity. The effect of the ZnCl2 impregnation ratio on the pore structure was discussed using the DR method. The results revealed that pore evolution involved
three distinct regions with increases in the amount of impregnated ZnCl2: raising the ZnCl2/CMC mass ratio from 0.00 to 0.50 resulted in a 19-fold increase in micropore volume (Vme
D) but caused no change in the mesopore volume (Vme
D); increasing the ZnCl2/CMC mass ratio from 0.50 to 1.00 led to an increment in Vmi
D of about 50% and in Vme
D of 170%; while raising the ratio from 1.50 to 2.50 caused a slight decrease in Vmi
D but a 200% increment in the value of Vme
D. 相似文献
97.
通过三维荧光平行因子分析(EEM-PARAFAC)和二维相关光谱(2DCOS)分析了富含木质纤维素类物料(果蔬废物和杂草废物)和富含木质素类物料(秸秆废物和园林修剪废物)堆肥形成的富里酸的结构和组成.结果显示,两类堆肥物料形成的富里酸结构差异显著.虽然两类物料的荧光组分含量及变化基本相似,但是特征官能团与其荧光组分的变化顺序却不同.富含木质纤维素类物料堆肥形成的富里酸中类酪氨酸和类色氨酸先于芳环形成,而富含木质素类物料堆肥形成的富里酸中芳环先于类酪氨酸和类色氨酸.并且,研究发现在堆肥高温期和腐熟期,富里酸的芳环含量在木质纤维类和木质类物料中分别增加了约10%和5%,脂肪族的含量分别下降了约10%和6%,说明堆肥过程中富里酸结构中脂肪族逐渐降解并伴随其芳香性逐渐增加;结构方程模型结果表明,类富里酸、脂肪族基团和羧基是富里酸中芳环形成的关键组分.本文研究结果可为明确堆肥过程中富里酸的形成提供理论基础. 相似文献
98.
Ji-Dong Gu S. Coulter D. Eberiel S. P. McCarthy R. A. Gross 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(4):293-299
A respirometric method was developed to measure the mineralization of polymeric materials in a matured compost environment. For the purpose of evaluating the method, results obtained for the mineralization of glucose and cellulose are presented. The matured compost, in addition to supplied nutrients, micronutrients, and an inoculum, serves as the matrix which supports the microbial activity. Recovery of the substrate carbon in the form of carbon dioxide from the glucose and cellulose added to test vessels was 68 and 70%, respectively. A statistical evaluation of the results obtained on substrate mineralization was carried out and showed acceptable reproducibility between replicate test vessels and test runs. The testing protocol developed has the following important characteristics: (1) the test reactors are maintained at 53 °C at a high solids loading (60% moisture), which has certain characteristics that are similar to a thermophilic compost environment; (2) the test matrix providing microbial activity is derived from readily available organic materials to facilitate reproducibility of the method in different laboratories; (3) the equipment required to perform this test is relatively inexpensive; and (4) the information obtained on polymer mineralization is vital to the study and development of biodegradable polymeric materials.Guest Editor: Dr. Graham Swift, Rohm & Haas. 相似文献
99.
David L. Rick John W. Davis Shari L. Kram Michael N. Mang Tim D. Lickly 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1998,6(3):143-157
An epoxy-based thermoplastic polyester, poly(hydroxy ester ether), was incubated under aerobic conditions in a laboratory-scale compost system for 168 days to evaluate its potential for biodegradation. Radiolabeled test polymer [uniformly 14C ring-labeled, poly(hydroxy ester ether)] was incorporated into a mature compost and a sludge-amended compost at a loading of 3 mg test polymer/g compost. 14C-Cellulose was used as the positive control and a biologically inhibited control reactor was used to assess abiotic degradation of the test polymer. Degradation of the test polymer was assessed by measuring the amount of 14C-CO2 from each of the test reactors. In addition, at selected time intervals subsamples of the compost were collected and serially extracted with water, methanol, and dimethylformamide to monitor degradation of the 14C-test polymer and provide a partial characterization of the degradation intermediates. Extensive degradation of 14C-poly(hydroxy ester ether) was observed in the test reactors with degradation half-life of the parent polymer (t
1/2) of approximately 32 days. By the end of the study, only 2% of the total 14C activity in the test reactors was attributed to intact polymer, with most of the measurable 14C activity converted to either 14C-CO2 (26% of total 14C activity) or nonextractable products (accounting for 60% of the total activity). In contrast to the test reactors, only 3% of the 14C-poly(hydroxy ester ether) added to the biologically inhibited control reactor was mineralized to 14C-CO2. The results obtained from the microbially active and biologically inhibited compost systems indicate that the poly(hydroxy ester ether) polymer was degraded, at least in part, by a biologically mediated process. 相似文献
100.