福建省生产废水和生活污水污染物排放的驱动力及其时空分异

采用对数平均迪氏指数方法,区分生产和生活两个体系,构建时空分解分析模型,追踪了福建省9个设区市2011—2019年水污染物排放变化的关键驱动力及其贡献的时空差异.结果显示：研究期内福建省工业废水污染物排放持续减少,并且各驱动力贡献的区域差距明显变小,趋于平衡;生活污水污染物排放量仍保持高位,各驱动力贡献的区域差距基本保持不变.其中,经济规模扩张是福建省水污染物排放的主导驱动力,主要源于福州、厦门、泉州经济赶超发展影响;城镇化发展对区域生活污水污染物排放的驱动影响表现为增排效应,以福州和厦门尤为显著;工业化发展对区域工业废水污染物排放的影响效应由正驱动逐渐转变为负驱动,这主要归功于三明和泉州产业结构调整优化的拉动 效应;技术效应一直是福建省水污染物排放控制的重要驱动力,但部分地区已逐渐步入生活污染物技术减排攻坚期.     

CuSnZr三元催化剂应用于NTP强化催化脱硫过程的特性

为高效地在低温下处理大量低浓度电解铝烟气, 采用浸渍法制备了Sn Zr型金属氧化物并添加Cu作为助剂的催化剂, 并首次测试了它在低温等离子体(NTP)技术上的脱硫效果, 结果表明负载了20wt% Cu老化温度为40℃的催化剂表现出最佳的脱硫性能.并对强化之后的催化剂进行了表征, 与新鲜的催化剂对比, X射线衍射分析(XRD)结果表明放电对催化剂晶型基本不产生影响; 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), 氮吸附和脱吸(BET)表明放电会使催化剂的吸附脱附能力与孔道结构有较大提升; X射线光电子光谱(XPS)也表明放电会使催化剂表面元素价态变化, 从而使其氧化还原性能改变, 反应路径发生偏向; 催化剂性能理论计算表明铜含量的上升会导致催化剂能带结构改变, 更好利用于激发气体.     

介质阻挡放电等离子体老化微塑料及对Zn (II)吸附的影响

为了在实验中缩短微塑料的老化时间,更真实地模拟自然老化条件,采用介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体老化聚乙烯微塑料（PE-MP）和聚丙烯微塑料（PP-MP）,同时研究了老化前后PE-MP和PP-MP对Zn （II）的吸附过程和机理.随着放电时间延长和输入电压升高,微塑料表面出现微小裂纹或孔洞,形成含氧官能团.老化后PE-MP和PP-MP对Zn （II）的吸附容量分别提高了22.7%和14.8%.老化前后微塑料对Zn （II）的吸附均符合准二级动力学模型.颗粒内扩散模型表明,Zn （II）在微塑料上的吸附过程可分为快速吸附,慢速吸附和吸附平衡3个阶段.同时,老化前后微塑料对Zn （II）的吸附均符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型.热力学结果表明,微塑料对Zn （II）的吸附是自发的吸热过程.Ca²⁺、腐殖酸和低pH值不利于微塑料对Zn （II）的吸附.     

废水排放对近海环境中抗生素抗性基因和微生物群落的影响

污水处理厂是水环境中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的重要来源.可移动遗传元件（MGEs）和微生物群落是影响ARGs增殖扩散的关键因素.为探究污水处理厂废水排放对近海环境中ARGs和微生物群落的影响,采用高通量荧光定量PCR （HT-qPCR）和高通量16S rRNA扩增子测序技术,对杭州湾上虞（SY）和嘉兴（JX）两个近岸纳污区（ERAs）及远岸湾区表层沉积物中ARGs、MGEs和微生物群落的组成和分布进行调查.结果表明,多重耐药类ARGs是所有样点中丰度最高的ARGs类型.纳污区沉积物中ARGs和MGEs多样性和丰度远远高于远岸湾区沉积物.JX纳污区沉积物中微生物群落丰富度和多样性高于SY纳污区及远岸湾区沉积物.PCoA结果显示,纳污区与远岸湾区沉积物中ARGs、MGEs和微生物群落分布存在显著的差异,说明长期的废水排放对近海环境中ARGs、MGEs和微生物群落影响较大.ARGs、MGEs和细菌属的共现网络显示,嗜冷杆菌属、假单胞菌属、亚硫酸杆菌属、假交替单胞菌属和芽孢杆菌属等12种菌属与ARGs和MGEs存在显著正相关.多重耐药类和β-内酰胺类ARGs的潜在宿主最多.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定磷生铁中的Mn、P、Si

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）法测定磷生铁中3种元素Mn、P、Si的定量分析方法.通过试验选择257.610nm、185.942nm、212.412nm分别作为Mn、P、Si的分析谱线,无需进行光谱干扰校正.实验结果表明,各元素分析谱线线性相关系数大于0.9990.方法用于高磷铸铁标准物质分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定结果的相对标准偏差在0.21％ （Mn） ～1.8％ （P）范围.     

自然通风排热量的近似计算法

采用“假设密闭绝热空间法”,计算工业厂房的自然通风排热量。实践证明,此方法是可行的。     

THE DISCHARGE OF SEDIMENT IN CHANNELIZED ALLUVIAL STREAMS1

ABSTRACT: Approximately 400 million cubic feet of channel sediments have been delivered to the Mississippi River from the Obion-Forked Deer River system in the last 20 years. The discharge of sediment from these channelized networks in West Tennessee varies systematically with the stage of channel evolution. Variations in yields over time reflect the shifting dominance of fluvial and mass-wasting processes as the networks adjust to lower energy conditions. Maximum bed-material discharges occur during the initial phases of degradation (Stage III). In contrast, yields of suspended-sediment peak during the threshold stage (Stage 1V: large-scale mass wasting) as sediments are delivered from main-channel banks and tributary beds. Suspended-sediment yields then decrease as aggradation (Stage V) becomes the dominant trend in the main channels, but remains relatively high through restabiliza-tion (Stage VI) because of continued degradation and widening in the tributaries. Bed-material discharges decrease from the degradation stage (III) to Stage V, and increase again during restabiliza-tion (Stage VI) because secondary aggradation increases gradients and incipient meandering serves to rework bed sediments. This secondary maxima in bed-material discharge is analogous to those described previously as complex, or oscillatory, response. The trends of sediment production and transport described from these rejuvenated networks are in agreement with experimental and theoretical results of earlier investigations.     

Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

There is an obvious departure from the regional equilibrium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in ＂the effects of contra-geography-grads development＂. It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industrialization delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of ＂the vicious circle of poverty＂ by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environmental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called ＂the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along the Pearl River＂ is put forward supposed to give corresponding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.