清洗液和阻垢剂对疏水膜接触角的影响

研究了采用不同pH的酸、碱清洗液及阻垢剂溶液静态浸泡对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)疏水平板膜接触角的影响.实验结果表明:随pH 2.5盐酸和pH2.0草酸浸泡PVDF膜和PTFE膜时间的延长,两种疏水膜的接触角均小幅度减小,说明酸性清洗液对两种疏水膜性能的影响较小；随pH11.5NaOH溶液浸泡膜时间...     

有色冶炼重金属废水回用研究

通过对株洲冶炼厂重金属废水回用结垢问题的研究，针对其垢样主要属碳酸钙垢型的特点，提出以投加高效低剂量的阻垢剂作为防止结垢的主要方法，运行证明，该防止结垢方法具有明显的经济效益和环境效益，应用前景广阔。     

适用于弱碱性条件下使用的防垢剂研究

在防垢剂防垢性能测评中,对适于弱碱性条件下的防垢剂进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,在pH值为8时,有机膦酸、膦羧酸类防垢剂均具有很好的防垢性能;加入量为5mg/L时,对碳酸钙的防垢率可达95%以上。在pH值为9时,复配防垢剂有较好的防垢效果。例如FG-01与HPAA按1∶1复配后,加入量为5mg/L时,防垢率可达71.3%;加入量为10mg/L时,防垢率可达78.1%。     

含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS的合成及阻垢性能研究

利用实验方法合成了含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS,通过正交试验评价优选出最佳合成条件,对其阻垢性能进行了评价。将含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS与HEDP和含膦基共聚物PCA进行了比较,结果表明,当PAMPS用量为10mg/L时,阻止碳酸钙结垢率达到83.73%,优于同等条件下HEDP与PCA阻止碳酸钙结垢率;当PAMPS用量达到3mg/L时,阻垢率达到98.32%,对硫酸钙的阻垢性能优于HEDP和PCA。同时还可看出,含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS对阻止碳酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应,对阻止硫酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应和溶限效应。这说明PAMPS是一种优良的阻垢分散剂。     

Effect of inhibitors on macroscopical oxidation kinetics of calcium sulfite

In the presence of inhibitors, the macroscopical oxidation kinetics of calcium sulfite, the main byproduct in wet limestone scrubbing, was studied for the first time by adding different inhibitors and varying pH, concentration of calcium sulfite, oxygen partial pressure, concentration of inhibitors and temperature. The mathematical model about the general oxidation reaction was established,which was controlled by three steps involving dissolution of calcium sulfite, mass transfer of oxygen and chemical reaction in the solution.It was concluded that the general reaction was controlled by mass transfer of oxygen under uncatalyzed conditions, while it was controlled by dissolution of calcium sulfite after adding three kinds of inhibitors. Thus, the theory was provided for investigating the mechanism and oxidation kinetics of sulfite. The beneficial references were also supplied for design of oxidation technics in the wet limestone scrubbing.     

天然高分子改性多功能水处理剂FIQ-C缓蚀性能及缓蚀机理的研究

研究了多功能水处理剂FIQ－C在循环冷却水中对A3钢的缓蚀性能，考察了各种因素对缓蚀性能的影响，探讨了FIQ－C的缓蚀机理。研究结果表明，当FIQ－C的投加量为5mg/L时，在循环冷却水中的缓蚀率可达60％以上，且在中、低温条件下对A3钢均具有良好的缓蚀作用，是一种混全型缓蚀剂。     

钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂对海水中碳钢缓蚀性及机理研究

采用失重法、电极化法和X-射线光电子能谱XPS技术对钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀性及缓蚀机理进行了研究。实验结果表明:单一钼酸盐对海水中碳钢的缓蚀率随着钼酸盐使用浓度的增加而增加,但低浓度使用缓蚀率较低。通过失重法确定了与钼酸盐有较好协同效应的缓蚀剂配方-钼酸盐、柠檬酸钠、有机膦酸盐(HEDP)和锌盐,当缓蚀剂各组分浓度分别为10mg/L、40mg/L、10mg/L和4mg/L时,该缓蚀剂对海水中碳钢的缓蚀率超过93%。动电位极化曲线测试结果表明:单一钼酸盐缓蚀剂和钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂均为抑制阳极反应为主的阳极型缓蚀剂;X-射线光电子能谱XPS实验结果表明:添加了缓蚀剂的碳钢表面形成了以氧化铁和有机铁络合物为主要成分,钼与磷也参与成膜的不溶性沉淀膜,有效的抑制了海水对碳钢表面的腐蚀。     

软水中EPS对铜管/磷酸盐体系溶解性铜释放的影响

以海藻酸钠模拟水体中的细胞外高聚物(EPS)，研究软水体系中海藻酸钠对铜管／磷酸盐缓蚀行为的影响，结果表明：低浓度海藻酸钠能明显提高软水一铜管一磷酸盐体系中溶解性铜的释放，从而降低磷酸盐对铜管的缓蚀效果，而且从新管释放的溶解性铜远高于老化6个月、12个月和10年的铜管，释放溶解铜的顺序为Cnew＞C6m＞C12m＞C10y；随着海藻酸钠含量的增加，溶解性铜的释放浓度降低，但仍高于对照试验．在低pH条件下，海藻酸钠对溶解性铜的释放影响显著，从新管释放的溶解性铜浓度低于老化6个月、12个月和10年的铜管，这可能是由于不同老化时间的铜管其腐蚀表面的组成不同，水质pH值明显影响这些腐蚀副产物的溶解性铜释放；在不同停留时间内，随着水体组成的变化，溶解性铜的释放浓度不断发生变化，表明海藻酸钠与铜离子形成的络合物影响磷酸与铜的相互作用，从而影响磷酸盐对铜管的缓蚀效果．     

袋花忍冬的化学成分研究

从袋花忍冬全草95%乙醇提取物中首次分离得到16个化合物.应用波谱方法及与已知品对照,将其鉴定为E-p-coumaryl hexacosanate(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、2,6-dihydroxyhumula-3(12),7(13),9(E)-triene(3)、十六烷酸1-甘油酯(4)、(20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-表二氧-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)、环阿尔廷-25-烯-3β,24ξ-二醇(6)、二十四烷酸(7)、2,4-二羟基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯(8)、乌苏酸(9)、柚皮素(10)、胡萝卜苷(11)、木犀草素(12)、柏双黄酮(13)、咖啡酸(14)、洋芹素(15)和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(16).其中木犀草素(12)和咖啡酸(14)为袋花忍冬中具有ACE抑制活性的化合物.图1参13     

Bioaugmentation and quorum sensing disruption as solutions to increase nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors treating nitrate-rich wastewater

Bioaugmentation of denitrifying bacteria can serve as a promising technique to improve nutrient removal during wastewater treatment. While denitrification inhibition by bacterial quorum sensing (QS) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been indicated, the application of bacterial QS disruption to improve nitrate removal from wastewater has not been investigated. In this study, the effect of bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 on nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors that treat nitrate rich wastewater was assessed. Additionally, the potential of a quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) to improve denitrification following bacterial bioaugmentation was evaluated. Curcumin, a natural plant extract, was used as a QSI. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and initial nitrate concentration of the influent were 700±20 mg/L and 200±10 mg/L respectively, and their respective concentrations in the effluent were 56.9±3.2 mg/L and 9.0±3.2 mg/L. Thus, the results revealed that bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 resulted in an increased nitrate removal to 82%±1%. Further, nitrate was almost completely removed following the addition of the QSI, and activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase increased by 88%±2% and 74%±2% respectively. The nitrogen mass balance indicated that aerobic denitrification was employed as the main pathway for nitrogen removal in the reactors. The results imply that bioaugmentation and modulation of QS in denitrifying bacteria, through the use of a QSI, can enhance nitrate removal during wastewater treatment.