Removal of perfluorinated surfactants from wastewater by adsorption and ion exchange——Influence of material properties,sorption mechanism and modeling

Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) has attracted increasing concern in recent years due to its world-wide distribution, persistence, bioaccumulation and potential toxicity. The influence of sorbent properties on the adsorptive elimination of PFOS from wastewater by activated carbons, polymer adsorbents and anion exchange resins was investigated with regard to their isotherms and kinetics. The batch and column tests were combined with physicochemical characterization methods, e.g., N_2 physisorption, mercury porosimetry, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, titrations, as well as modeling. Sorption kinetics was successfully modelled applying the linear driving force(LDF) approach for surface diffusion after introducing a load dependency of the mass transfer coefficient βs.The big difference in the initial mass transfer coefficient βs,0, when non-functionalized adsorbents and ion-exchange resins are compared, suggests that the presence of functional groups impedes the intraparticle mass transport. The more functional groups a resin possesses and the longer the alkyl moieties are the bigger is the decrease in sorption rate.But the selectivity for PFOS sorption is increasing when the character of the functional groups becomes more hydrophobic. Accordingly, ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction were found to be involved in the sorption processes on resins, while PFOS is only physisorptively bound to activated carbons and polymer adsorbents. In agreement with the different adsorption mechanisms, resins possess higher total sorption capacities than adsorbents. Hence, the latter ones are rendered more effective in PFOS elimination at concentrations in the low μg/L range, due to a less pronounced convex curvature of the sorption isotherm in this concentration range.     

污泥生物炭制备吸附陶粒

以城市污泥热解产生的生物炭(BC)与高岭土(KL)为原料制备吸附陶粒(SKC),研究其对环丙沙星(CIP)的吸脱附性能,开展吸附动力学和等温吸附特性研究,结合形貌、孔结构、物相组成、表面电位探讨其吸附机制,利用TCLP法研究重金属浸出特征.结果表明BC与KL以6∶4的质量比混合造粒,经1 050℃烧结5 min得到的SKC对CIP有明显的吸附效果,去除率达65.34%;SKC对CIP的吸附符合二级动力学模型,在不同质量浓度下的吸附特性适用于Freundlich等温吸附模型,吸附过程同时存在物理和化学吸附.SKC具有良好的孔隙结构,物相组成以硅铝氧化物、铁氧化物和金属磷酸盐为主,既能降低重金属的浸出毒性又具有良好的CIP吸附去除效果,有望为处理废水中高浓度CIP提供一种低成本可回收的吸附材料,也为BC的规模化安全利用提供了新思路.     

基于废陶瓷的多孔陶瓷研制及其对Ni2+的吸附性能

通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR表征及多孔陶瓷对废水中镍的去除能力,确定多孔陶瓷的制备条件:原料中田菁粉掺杂质量分数为4%,焙烧温度为800℃.SEM和孔结构表征说明,焙烧使多孔陶瓷形貌、结构发生变化;随着焙烧温度的升高,多孔陶瓷的比表面积和孔容呈现降低的趋势,而孔径呈现增大的趋势;EDS分析能表明,原废瓷粉和多孔陶瓷的主要元素组成均为Si、Al、O.SEM、XRD和FT-IR分析表明,多孔陶瓷吸附前后结构稳定.吸附Ni2+的系列实验表明,多孔陶瓷用量为10 g·L-1,吸附时间为60 min,进水pH值为6.32,进水Ni2+浓度在100 mg.L-1以内.在此条件下废水的Ni2+去除率可达89.7%,多孔陶瓷对废水中镍有较好的去除效果.以制备的多孔陶瓷处理含镍废水,考察多孔陶瓷对废水中Ni2+的吸附动力学和吸附等温线,结果表明,多孔陶瓷对Ni2+的吸附过程符合准二阶动力学模型(R2=0.999 9),Qe为9.09 mg·g-1;吸附过程可用Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程来描述,温度由20℃升高至40℃,最大吸附量Qm由14.49 mg·g-1上升至15.38 mg·g-1.     

Removal of Cd2+ from water by Friedel’s salt (FS: 3CaO.Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O): Sorption characteristics and mechanisms

The development of low-cost and efficient new mineral adsorbents has been a hot topic in recent years. In this study, Friedel’s salt (FS:3CaO·A12O3 ·CaCl2 ·10H2O), a hexagonal layered inorganic absorbent, was synthesized to remove Cd2+ from water. The adsorption process was simulated by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption mechanism was further analyzed with TEM, XRD, FT-IR analysis and monitoring of metal cations released and solution pH variation. The results indicated the adsorbent FS had an outstanding ability for Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) removal can reach up to 671.14 mg/g. The nearly equal numbers of Cd2+ adsorbed and Ca2+ released demonstrated that ion-exchange (both surface and inner) of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) played an important role during the adsorption process. Furthermore, the surface of the FS after adsorption was microscopically disintegrated while the inner lamellar structure was almost unchanged. The behavior of Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption by FS was significantly affected by surface reactions. The mechanisms of Cd2+ adsorption by the FS mainly included surface complexation and surface precipitation. In the present study, the adsorption process was fitted better by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9999) than the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.8122). Finally, due to the high capacity for ion-exchange on the FS surface, FS is a promising layered inorganic adsorbent for the removal of Cd(Ⅱ) from water.     

上市公司环境信息披露的模式研究

分析了由于社会责任、公司声誉、法律与政策压力等,导致越来越多的公司自愿或被迫进行环境信息披露。阐述了环境信息披露必须采用适当的披露模式,披露的模式影响披露的质量,决定了是否满足信息使用者决策的需要。提出定性描述和定量披露模式相结合,强制性与自愿披露模式相结合,公开和秘密模式相结合,由独立环境信息披露向综合环境信息披露模式过渡是环境信息披露发展的道路。     

铅在棉秆基活性炭上的吸附动力学与热力学

以棉秆与棉秆纤维为原料,利用磷酸活化法制备了低成本的高比表面微孔棉秆基活性炭,通过静态实验研究了活性炭对水溶液中铅的吸附特性,测定了溶液pH值、吸附时间、溶液温度对吸附的影响,探讨了吸附动力学、热力学及吸附机制.根据低温液氮(N2/77K)吸附测定数据,以BET方程、BJH法及H-K法对活性炭孔结构进行了表征,以Boehm滴定、FTIR、零电荷点pHPZC测定及元素分析定量表征活性炭表面含氧官能团.结果表明,以棉秆和棉秆纤维为原料制备的活性炭的比表面积分别为1570和1731m2·g-1,含氧酸官能团含量分别为1.43和0.83mmol·g-1,均高于商业活性炭ST1300.静态吸附实验表明,棉秆基活性炭对铅有较大的吸附容量和吸附效率,最大吸附量超过120mg·g-1,溶液pH对吸附有较大的影响,吸附量随时间增大而增大,在5min内可达饱和吸附量的80%;吸附动力学数据符合假二级方程,Freundlich方程能更好地描述等温吸附行为;热力学研究表明,吸附吉布斯自由能(ΔG0)0,而焓变(ΔH0)0,说明吸附为吸热的自发反应过程,升温有利于吸附,离子交换可能在吸附过程中起了重要作用.     

Mg/Al双金属氧化物对As(V)吸附性能的研究

研究了以镁铝水滑石为原料制备的Mg/Al双金属氧化物对溶液中As(V)的吸附作用及其影响因素.结果表明：Mg/Al双金属氧化物对As(V)具有较强的吸附能力,吸附规律符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,根据计算所得的理论最大吸附量为51.02 mg·g-1,与实验得出的最大吸附量50.53 mg·g-1基本一致;运用3种...     

A~2/O工艺厌氧池有机物降解动力学模型对比研究

试验考察了东阿县污水处理厂一期A2/O工艺厌氧池去除有机污染物效能,当进水ρ(COD)为548.3 mg/L时,厌氧池平均去除率达78.7%。同时探讨了几种常见数学模型模拟厌氧池去除有机物规律情况,根据实际工程监测数据确定有机底物降解动力学常数,得出Grau模型、Stover-kincannon模型和改进的Monod模型较适合模拟厌氧池去除有机物的规律,并对模型进行了检验。     

几种水合金属氧化物的磷酸根吸附性能

利用简单的碱沉淀法制备不同的水合金属氧化物,并对所得七种水合金属氧化物的磷酸根吸附等温线进行了系统的探讨比较.研究表明,25℃条件下,Al、Fe、Ni、Cu和Ce的水合金属氧化物对磷酸根的吸附最符合Langmuir线性吸附方程,而水合氧化锌和水合氧化钴吸附剂最符合线性等温线模型.所有这七种水合金属氧化物对磷酸根的吸附都...     

西辽河流域沙土的氨氮解吸行为研究

采用小型回填式土柱淋溶实验方法研究了西辽河流域沙土的氨氮解吸行为。结果表明,西辽河流域沙土的氨氮解吸行为符合Langmuir和Freundlich解吸等温式;沙土氨氮解吸比率Dr在0.44～0.99之间,平均为0.75,解吸迟滞性指数TⅡ在0.05～0.65之间,平均为0.29,沙土对氨氮的解吸迟滞性较强,解吸可逆性较弱。被吸附的氨氮解吸淋失的环境风险较小;沙土氨氮解吸比率Dr与土壤有机质含量、粘粒含量和粗粘粒含量呈极显著负相关,影响程度顺序为:有机质含量>粗粘粒含量>粘粒含量;解吸分配系数k和解吸迟滞性指数与土壤有机质含量分别呈极显著和显著正相关,与粘粒含量和粗粘粒含量没有相关性;草地、农田和林地结构由于土壤有机质和团聚体含量较高,氨氮解吸迟滞性较强,氨氮流失的环境风险较小,沙荒地结构氨氮流失的环境风险较大。