国外化学镀镍老化液处理现状

介绍了国外目前应用的化学镀镍老化液处理方法，着重推荐了沉淀法、电解法、离于交换法和电渗析法     

共沉淀富集原子吸收法测定水中5种重金属元素

使用有机共沉淀剂DDTC钠盐（铜试剂）。La^3＋作载体离子富集和乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定监测井水中Cu,Ni,Zn,Pb和Cd,结果表明，该方法精密度较高、结果准确，回收率满足微量元素测定要求,适用于达标排放水，监测井水中常见污染指标元素Cu,Ni，Zn,Pb和Cd的测定。     

木屑黄原酸酯的合成及其在处理含镍废水中的应用

采用木屑黄原酸酯(SCX)对含镍(Ni)废水进行试验研究，考察了SCX酯剂对Ni^2 的吸附性能以及药剂用量、进水的浓度，pH值和反应时间等条件对其吸附效果的影响。结果发现，木屑黄原酸酯对Ni2^2 附性能较好，经其处理后的水质可达国家有关排放标准。残渣稳定，也可酸液浸取回收重金属。     

微量钴 镍的导数催化极谱连续法测定

在氢氧化铵、氯化铵、磺基水杨酸,丁二酮肟及聚乙烯醇介质中,以导数催化极谱连续法测定了人发、胃组织及食品等样品中的微量钴和镍,方法的线性范围为4～1000μg/l,检测限为2μg/l     

化学镀镍老化液资源化处理工艺的研究

利用三步法综合处理化学镀镍老化液。以多孔性泡沫镍作为阴极、Ti RuO2 作为阳极 ,电解回收化学镀镍老化液中的金属镍离子 ,镍的回收率可以达到 97.5 % ,同时废液中总有机碳去除率达到 97.3 % ;再以 15 %石灰乳作沉淀剂 ,每克镍投加量为 6.5mL时进一步将溶液中的残余镍处理至排放标准以下 ;最后以Ca(ClO) 2 作为氧化沉淀剂 ,处理剩余溶液中的磷 ,排放水中总磷浓度达到 1.0 6mg L ,沉淀中镍的含量低于 1.4mg kg ,以P2 O5计的磷含量高达 67.3 % ,符合农用污泥污染物控制指标 ,可以作为农业肥料使用。实验结果表明 ,利用以上方法处理 ,可以有效地将老化液中的镍、磷处理至排放标准以下 ,同时溶液中的大量有机物得到去除 ,化学镀镍老化液中的有用资源得到回收利用     

两种原子吸收法测定环境水样中镍的比较

用加热浓缩-火焰原子吸收光谱法和石墨炉-原子吸收光谱法对环境水样中的镍进行了比较测定,结果表明,两种方法测定镍的各项指标均在要求范围,两种方法测定结果的相对误差均＜7.1%,表明两种方法可以视为等效方法,作用可以相互替补使用.     

电催化还原脱毒预处理丙烯酸盐废水

丙烯酸盐生物降解性好,但毒性较高,为解决含丙烯酸盐废水难以进行高负荷厌氧生物处理的问题,采用电催化还原技术预处理高浓度丙烯酸盐废水,考察了初始ρ(丙烯酸盐)、电流、废水pH、温度、ρ(对甲基苯磺酸盐)等对丙烯酸盐转化的影响. 结果表明:初始ρ(丙烯酸盐)、废水pH、电流对丙烯酸盐电催化还原为丙酸盐的过程影响较大,而废水温度和ρ(对甲基苯磺酸盐)的影响较小. 当废水初始ρ(丙烯酸盐)由5.0 g/L升至20.0～60.0 g/L时,丙烯酸盐转化速率由30.1 g/(L·h)升至51.9～54.6 g/(L·h),能耗下降近50%;随着操作电流从0.25 A升至2.00 A,丙烯酸盐转化速率由9.5 g/(L·h)线性增至85.1 g/(L·h),电流效率略有降低,能耗由2.0 W·h/g增至5.2 W·h/g;pH由2升至4时,能耗由6.6 W·h/g降至3.4 W·h/g;废水温度在30~50 ℃范围内、ρ(对甲基苯磺酸盐)在0~8.0 g/L范围内时,对丙烯酸盐的转化影响较小. 研究显示,在优化工艺条件(电流为1.00 A、废水pH为5、温度为30 ℃)下,电催化还原处理实际丙烯酸丁酯废水,电流效率达90%以上.      

Influence of iron,nickel and cobalt on biogas production during the anaerobic fermentation of fresh residual biomass

We have investigated the dependence of the rate of the production of biogas upon the concentration of nickel, cobalt and iron at sub-toxic concentration and monitored its composition as amount of hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide. The distribution of the added metals between the liquid and solid phase has also been monitored.

The results of our investigations show that the addition of any of the listed metals to the sludge may cause the production of a higher amount of biogas and influence the methane or carbon dioxide percentage. Conversely, the effect on the hydrogen production depends upon the metal added, the age of the active sludge used, and its adaptation to the susbtrate. As a general feature, during the acidogenesis phase, nickel reduces, while iron increases, the percentage of dihydrogen in the biogas, while cobalt has no influence.     

Alleviation of nickel stress by halophilic bacteria in mungbean (Vigna radiata)北大核心CSCD

Mungbean is an important, short-duration legume crop with high nutritive value for poor families, where protein and micronutrient scarcity are most pervasive. In developing countries, like Pakistan, where mungbean is one of the greatest sources of protein for underprivileged people, salinity and metal stresses are drastically limiting its yield. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the ways for promoting the growth of mungbean under stressed conditions. This study provides the basis for the use of two previously isolated halophilic and nickel-resistant bacteria [Bacillus subtilis and Halomonas aquamarina (1)] in promoting the growth of mungbean plant under nickel-stressed environments. These bacterial strains were previously found to improve the growth of plants under salinity because of their good biofilm-forming abilities. We hypothesized that these two halophilic and nickel-resistant biofilm-forming bacteria can help the plants to grow under nickel-stressed environments by promoting soil aggregation as they were previously reported to resist salinity and nickel stress, as well as were found to promote plant growth under saline environments. The results revealed that under nickel stress, both bacteria promote plant growth by facilitating the formation of soil aggregates through an increase in their extra polymeric substance (EPS) production. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

水环境中镍毒性的机制研究：有害结局路径(AOP)分析

目前对镍(Ni)生态风险评估和水质法规采用了基于机制的预测工具,如生物配体模型(BLMs)。然而,尽管有许多具体细致的研究,Ni对水生生物毒性的精确机制仍然难以确定。对Ni行为机制的不确定性导致了大家在一些管理设置中应用像BLM这样的工具时,有所顾虑。为了解决这一认知差距,作者使用了有害结局路径(AOP)分析,也是第一个用于金属的AOP分析,来确定Ni毒性的多种潜在机制以及它们与淡水水生生物的相互作用。在金属的分子起始事件(molecular initiating events)在分类群中可能存在的前提下,在许多不同种水生和陆生生物数据的基础上,考虑建立一种潜在的行为机制。通过分析,作者识别了Ni可能对水生生物产生毒性的5个潜在的分子起始事件：Ca²⁺体内平衡的破坏,Mg²⁺体内平衡的破坏,Fe²⁺/³⁺体内平衡的破坏,活性氧类物质引起的氧化损伤,以及呼吸上皮细胞的过敏反应。在生物组织的器官水平,这5个潜在的分子起始事件会分解成3个可能的途径：支持外骨骼、外壳和骨骼生长的Ca²⁺减少;呼吸受损;细胞毒性和肿瘤形成。在整个生物体的水平,器官水平的反应将可能导致生长、繁殖的降低和/或能量代谢的改变,并且在每个通路之间有几个潜在的反馈回路。总体来说,目前的AOP分析可指导Ni的毒性机制研究,并为其他金属开发AOPs提供了有效的参考。
精选自Brix, K. V., Schlekat, C. E. and Garman, E. R. (2017), The mechanisms of nickel toxicity in aquatic environments: An adverse outcome pathway analysis. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 36: 1128–1137. doi: 10.1002/etc.3706
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/etc.3706/full