大气过氧化氢及有机过氧化物的测定

采用ＨＰＬＣ柱后衍生荧光法测定了５、６月份中关村地区大气中的Ｈ２Ｏ２和有机过氧化物,除Ｈ２Ｏ２外,共测出了７种以上有机过氧化物。有３种通过ＨＰＬＣ色谱保留时间得到了鉴定。分别是甲基过氧化氢,羟甲基过氧化氢和乙基过氧化氢。     

污水处理系统臭气污染问题的研究

通过对污水处理系统中臭气来源和特征的分析 ,系统地阐述臭气产生的原因和测定、处理方法 ,指出对臭气控制是今后污水处理系统发展的方向之一。     

多维公平测度下考虑灾民心理痛苦效应的应急资源调配*

为有效降低灾后初期应急资源短缺情况下灾民生理和心理受到的伤害,提出等待效应和短缺效应衡量救援过程中的灾民心理痛苦效应,同时耦合时间和供需情况2个维度测度救援过程中的公平性指标,构建调度总时间最短、时间攀比最小和灾民心理痛苦效应最低的多目标应急资源调配模型,研究多灾点、多配送中心、多种类物资救援场景下的应急资源分配和路径规划决策选择问题。应用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对模型求解,以新冠疫情下武汉市医疗物资调度为算例分析验证模型的有效性。结果表明:模型和算法能有效减少供不应求情况下的灾民心理痛苦效应,保证救援活动的公平性,能得到不同目标偏好下的应急资源调配方案。     

Approaching the upper boundary of driver-response relationships: identifying factors using a novel framework integrating quantile regression with interpretable machine learning

● A novel framework integrating quantile regression with machine learning is proposed. ● It aims to identify factors driving observations to upper boundary of relationship. ● Increasing N:P and TN concentration help fulfill the effect of TP on CHL. ● Wetter and warmer decrease potential and increase eutrophication control difficulty. ● The framework advances applications of quantile regression and machine learning. The identification of factors that may be forcing ecological observations to approach the upper boundary provides insight into potential mechanisms affecting driver-response relationships, and can help inform ecosystem management, but has rarely been explored. In this study, we propose a novel framework integrating quantile regression with interpretable machine learning. In the first stage of the framework, we estimate the upper boundary of a driver-response relationship using quantile regression. Next, we calculate “potentials” of the response variable depending on the driver, which are defined as vertical distances from the estimated upper boundary of the relationship to observations in the driver-response variable scatter plot. Finally, we identify key factors impacting the potential using a machine learning model. We illustrate the necessary steps to implement the framework using the total phosphorus (TP)-Chlorophyll a (CHL) relationship in lakes across the continental US. We found that the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N׃P), annual average precipitation, total nitrogen (TN), and summer average air temperature were key factors impacting the potential of CHL depending on TP. We further revealed important implications of our findings for lake eutrophication management. The important role of N׃P and TN on the potential highlights the co-limitation of phosphorus and nitrogen and indicates the need for dual nutrient criteria. Future wetter and/or warmer climate scenarios can decrease the potential which may reduce the efficacy of lake eutrophication management. The novel framework advances the application of quantile regression to identify factors driving observations to approach the upper boundary of driver-response relationships.     

不同情境下中国碳排放权交易市场的风险度量

以深圳、湖北、广东、上海及北京5个碳交易中心2015～2020年的日交易数据为基础,设置了Ave、Med、Max、Min4种交易情境,采用TGARCH-VaR模型对不同情境下的碳排放权交易市场风险进行了研究.结果表明,不同情境下碳排放交易市场风险存在差异,各情境的市场稳定性、政策响应度均存在一定规律:Ave情境碳现货收...     

区域城市化水平的综合测度研究--以江苏省为例

城市化是社会、经济、文化等多种因素综合发展的过程,是一个多维概念,而目前城市化水平常用的单一评价指标只能从某个方面反映一个地区的城市化水平,不能全面、科学地反映城市化的丰富内涵。以江苏省13个地级市为例,通过经济、空间、人口以及生活方式、生活质量等体现城市化内涵的四个方面构造城市化水平评价指标体系,应用多指标综合评价方法对13市的城市化水平进行综合评价研究。结果表明,江苏省城市化水平大致分为5个层次,南京、无锡和苏州城市化水平最高,常州和镇江居第二层次,扬州、南通和泰州属第三层次,徐州、盐城和连云港列第四层次,淮安和宿迁最低,城市化水平区域差异明显,从南向北,城市化水平呈梯度下降趋势;从东向西,城市化水平在某种程度上也呈下降趋势。     

海洋风电场水下噪声评估与管理研究

总结了海洋风电场建设中水下噪声的主要类型与声学特性,基于国内外水下噪声对海洋生物影响的最新研究成果,分析了海洋风电场噪声对生态环境的可能影响,尤其是近岸海域海洋风电施工期冲击式打桩噪声对海洋生物的影响。在此基础上,参考《海上风电工程环境影响评价技术规范》的相关内容,提出了海洋风电场水下噪声测量与评估方法,以及控制与降低噪声的措施建议。     

乳化炸药密度在线检测技术

简述了常见密度在线检测方法,提出了一种采用数字称重技术间接在线测量炸药密度的新方法,建立了乳化炸药密度数字在线检测与控制系统,包括系统硬件电路的设计、硬件和电气线路的安装,以及软件程序连接和调试.研究表明,样品质量与检测系统的数字输出存在良好的线性关系,测量精度满足要求.因此,该系统可实现乳化炸药密度的在线实时测定,同时还可通过PLC实现敏化效果的自动反馈与调控,从而保证乳化炸药的敏化效果和产品质量.     

Identification, analysis and dissemination of information on near misses: A case study in the construction industry

Near misses are well-known for providing a major source of useful information for safety management. They are more frequent events than accidents and their causes may potentially result in an accident under slightly different circumstances. Despite the importance of this type of feedback, there is little knowledge on the characteristics of near misses, and on the use of this information in safety management. This article proposes guidelines for identifying, analyzing and disseminating information on near misses in construction sites. In particular, it is proposed that near misses be analyzed based on four categories: (a) whether or not it was possible to track down the event; (b) the nature of each event, in terms of its physical features (e.g. falling objects); (c) whether they provided positive or negative feedback for the safety management system; and (d) risk, based on the probability and severity associated with each event. The guidelines were devised and tested while a safety management system was being developed in a healthcare building project. The monitoring of near misses was part of a safety performance measurement system. Among the main results, a dramatic increase in both the number and quality of reports stands out after the workforce was systematically encouraged to report. While in the first 4 months of the study – when the workforce was not encouraged to report – there were just 12 reports, during the subsequent 4 months – when the workforce was so encouraged – there were 110 reports, all of them being analyzed based on the four analytical categories proposed.     

甘肃省农业高质量发展水平测度及制约因子研究

结合农业高质量发展的特征,构建农业高质量发展评价指标体系,采用熵值法、障碍因子诊断模型对甘肃省2009—2018年农业高质量发展水平和制约因素进行分析。结果发现:①2009—2018年,甘肃省农业高质量发展综合水平整体呈增长态势,但农业发展质量不高。②农业绿色发展和农业科技创新是甘肃省农业高质量发展的主要短板。③人力资本和生态环境保护是制约甘肃省农业高质量发展的主要因素。基于研究结果,提出强化政府职能、培育和引进高质量农业人才、贯彻新发展理念、构建生态补偿机制等加快甘肃省农业高质量发展的政策建议。