基于虚拟仪器的SO2浓度在线报警系统的设计

通过LabVIEW平台开发了SO2浓度在线监测技术,并设计了SO2浓度在线报警系统。系统主要由传感器、LabVIEW控制面板、PCI-1200数据采集卡、报警电路组成。通过传感器和PCI-1200数据采集卡将SO2浓度监测信号转变成数字信号输出,采用三极管将数字信号放大,转换为声音报警信号。     

双起电方式静电电荷衰减测试仪

在分析了静电电荷衰减测试原理的基础上,提出了以AT89C51单片机为核心组成测试系统,来实现测试自动化的设计方案,设计了具体的硬件结构,重点阐述了测试仪的高压源,信号调理电路,A／D转换电路等的实现,并采用C51进行软件编程。该测试仪工作可靠,具有良好的测量精度和灵敏度,实现测试自动化的同时,很好地提高了测试的准确性。     

测定土壤中有机物前处理方法的探讨

根据铁岭市08年底土壤调查采集,利用现有大型仪器完成了土壤有杌物的全分析,使用仪器有气质联机,气相色谱（ECD、FID、FPD）,高效液相色谱等大型仪器。本文论述了三大类有机物的前处理方法,根据各种有机物的特性,选择了较好的前处理方法和条件,为应用大型仪器对土壤中有机物的分析打下了良好的基础。     

Industrial symbiosis and the policy instruments of sustainable consumption and production

Industrial symbioses (ISs) and eco-industrial parks (EIPs) are key concepts of industrial ecology (IE). The aim of ISs and EIPs is to minimise inefficient material and energy use by utilising local by-product and energy flows. Industrial symbioses tend to develop through spontaneous action of economic actors, for gaining of economic benefit, but these systems can be designed and promoted via policy instruments as well. A literature review showed that national programmes for eco-industrial parks can be found in different parts of the world. In the action programmes and other sustainable consumption and production (SCP) policy documents of the EU, on the other hand, industrial symbioses gain less recognition as a path to enhanced sustainable production. In this article, we consider this and also analyse how the evolution and environmental performance of an industrial symbiosis system centred on a Finnish pulp and paper mill have been affected by SCP policy instruments. With regard to the system forming the subject of the case study, and Finnish industrial systems in general, policy instruments have succeeded in reducing emissions but not in systematically encouraging operators toward symbiosis-like activities. All in all, few studies exist on the overall impact of policy instruments promoting design of eco-industrial parks. It is not self-evident that symbiosis-like production systems would be sustainable in every case, as the background assumptions for political promotion of EIPs suggest. We concluded that industrial symbioses should be analysed and developed on a life cycle basis, with documentation of the real environmental benefits due to efficient resource use and decreased emissions in comparison to standalone production. ISs can then bring eco-competitiveness to companies in relation to SCP tools, such as environmental permits, ecolabels, and future product regulation based on the Ecodesign Directive in Europe. Indirect encouragement of symbiosis through land-use regulation and planning, in such a way that material fluxes between companies are possible both in operations and in financial terms, may prove effective. The same holds for waste policies that encourage increased reuse of a company’s waste by other enterprises.     

天然气集输站泄漏监控系统研究

为克服目前天然气集输站站控系统存在的主要技术问题,探讨了建立泄漏监控安全系统的技术要求.该系统应用负压波检漏技术、模式识别技术和虚拟仪器技术,实现了.对天然气泄漏的信号检测、处理、传输和实时动态显示等.借助于这些技术开发的天然气泄漏监控系统,具有数据处理准确可靠,精度高,误报率低等特点.通过该系统,可以及时获取相关参数和信息,实现早期预警,降低天然气泄漏的事故风险.     

电仪ITPM提升大型石油炼化企业生产过程本质安全的实践

为适应大型石油炼化企业长周期高负荷运行和绩效提升、安全环保要求,提前发现并消除因电气和仪表设备超期服役、老化及性能不稳、下降等易导致安全风险的潜在因素,通过构建并实施科学、合理的电仪ITPM(设备预防性维修管理体系),及时消除电气和仪表缺陷,避免因电仪原因导致装置非计划停车、波动及安全环保事故的发生,提高电仪设备的可靠性和稳定性,确保大型石油炼化企业生产过程的本质安全。     

进口空气质量监测仪器验收方法的研究

以进口仪器为例，以进口空气质量监测仪器验收方法的规范化率先进行了初步的研究，提出了一系列仪器检验的规范化方法。首先，以下TE42C型NO－NO2－NOx分析仪和PM10采样仪为例进行具体说明，然后给出了规范化验收的一般步骤。并且给出了在进行仪器验收时所用的专门设计的记录表格。该方法不仅可用于进口监测仪器的验收，同时可用于其它监测与分析仪器的常规性质检。     

CTL-12型化学需氧量测定仪应用研究

采用CTL-12型化学需氧量测定仪测定CODCr,并与传统的重铬酸钾法比较。实验结果表明,该仪器适用于多种废水、不同浓度CODCr的测定,具有准确、简便、快速等特点。     

市场方法在现代环境政策领域中的应用及其设计

在环境政策领域中,市场方法正迅速得到一些政府(尤其是美国)环境部门的重视和采纳.本文首先分析了该方法与传统管制手段的关系,然后介绍了各种市场方法的应用情况,最后对市场手段设计的技术原则进行了探讨.随着我国市场取向的经济体制改革的深入,市场方法将为我国的环境管理制度变革提供一项新的备选手段.      

环境保护的经济手段及其相关政策

对环境管理中可运用的经济手段及其在国内外的应用作了简要综述、并据此对在我国制定有关环境保护经济手段的政策问题进行了初步探讨。按照经济合作与发展组织的研究,环境保护经济手段可以分为5类:收费;补贴;押金制;建立市场;鼓励金。在我国,制定有关经济手段的政策,需考虑4个因素:①污染者付费;②与管制手段的关系;③激励机制;④操作成本。