Ce-Mn/Al2O3-H2O2催化氧化皮革废水的研究

以浸渍法制备了Ce-Mn/Al_2O_3催化剂,研究该催化剂在H_2O_2非均相类Fenton体系中对皮革废水污染物的催化降解性能.在单因素试验的基础上,以COD去除率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应曲面法考察了催化剂投加量、H_2O_2投加量、初始pH、反应时间等4个因素之间的单独作用及交互作用,实验数据用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件进行处理,得到二次响应曲面模型.结果表明,4个独立变量对响应值的影响顺序如下:初始pHH_2O_2投加量催化剂投加量反应时间,数学模型拟合度高(R_(adj)~2=0.9349),利用该模型预测的最大COD去除率为78.86%,最佳反应条件为:催化剂投加量56.63 g·L~(-1),H_2O_2投加量315.15 mg·L~(-1),初始pH3.51,反应时间2 h,经实验验证COD去除率为80.94%,与模型预测值偏差2.08%.     

纳米过氧化钙对地下水中硝基苯的类-Fenton降解效果

为了探究基于纳米过氧化钙（CaO₂）的类芬顿氧化技术（Modified Fenton,MF）修复污染地下水的可行性,本研究先对纳米CaO₂制备方法进行改进,制备出有效含量高达88.35%的纳米CaO₂粉末;其次,通过分析静态试验中反应体系的pH值、DO以及硝基苯浓度变化,探究纳米CaO₂降解硝基苯的过程和影响因素,确定了硝基苯的降解动力学和最佳反应条件;通过掩蔽实验探究不同自由基的作用效力;最后进行一维模拟柱动态模拟,综合分析评估纳米CaO₂去除硝基苯的机理和效果.结果表明：CaO₂投加量、EDTA-Fe²⁺浓度与硝基苯初始物质的量浓度满足48：8：1时降解效果最佳,其降解曲线符合一级动力学曲线,且反应过程中起主要降解作用的自由基是·OH,但降解效果会受到HCO₃^-、SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等离子的影响;一维模拟柱的模拟结果表明,在存在适量铁的条件下,纳米CaO₂可以作为过氧化氢缓释剂,通过类芬顿催化产生自由基降解污染物,这说明纳米CaO₂在场地修复中具有较好的应用前景.     

Fe3O4-nZVI类Fenton法降解水中磺胺甲恶唑

采用共沉淀和液相还原两步法制得四氧化三铁负载纳米零价铁(Fe₃O₄-nZVI),将其作为类Fenton反应的催化剂用于水中磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)的降解.通过批实验法研究了H₂O₂浓度、Fe₃O₄-nZVI投加量、pH值、SMX初始浓度、反应温度等因素对SMX降解的影响.SEM、EDS、XRD和XPS表征结果表明,制备的Fe₃O₄-nZVI为纳米级磁性复合材料.批实验结果表明,在一定实验条件范围内,提高H₂O₂浓度、Fe₃O₄-nZVI投加量和反应温度,以及降低体系pH值,均可提高SMX的降解率.动力学拟合参数表明,SMX的类Fenton催化降解符合拟一级动力学模型.在25℃时,当H₂O₂浓度为10mmol/L、Fe₃O₄-nZVI投加量为0.8g/L、pH=3、SMX初始浓度为10mg/L,SMX在180min时的降解率为99.61%.用VSM测得Fe₃O₄-nZVI的饱和磁化强度为105.52emu/g,表明其易于磁回收.重复利用实验表明,Fe₃O₄-nZVI具有较好的反应活性和稳定性.自由基淬灭实验表明,·OH的氧化作用是SMX降解的主要机理.     

基于缺陷重构的类芬顿光催化剂在降解染料废水中的应用

近年来,通过缺陷调控提高催化剂催化性能引起了广泛关注,而缺陷重构过程对光催化-类芬顿耦合反应的影响仍鲜有研究.本文将含铁多酸分子强耦合到富含氧空位缺陷的二氧化钛(TiO_2)光催化剂(P25)表面,考察了缺陷形成和二次重构过程对光催化-类芬顿协同催化降解有机染料活性的影响.结果表明,单氰胺复合后二次煅烧有利于H2气氛处理生成的氧空位进行空间分布重构,重构后的缺陷更为有利于TiO_2表面的光生电荷向含铁多酸分子界面转移.借助TiO_2光催化剂光生电荷分离能力的提升和类芬顿试剂活性位点的增强,缺陷重构的类芬顿光催化剂在降解亚甲基蓝染料的反应中催化活性提高了13倍.     

类Fenton试剂氧化降解土壤中PAHs及其影响因素研究

使用类Fenton试剂可以有效降解土壤中的多环芳烃（PAHs）。选择4种PAHs菲、芘、苯并[a]芘、茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘作为考察对象,研究了类Fenton试剂对土壤中PAHs的降解条件。单因素降解实验结果表明,在H2O2浓度为0.5mol/L,Fe（NO3）3浓度为0.1 mol/L,水土比为3∶1,反应时间为...     

神经节苷脂生产废水处理技术研究

针对神经节苷脂生产废水蛋白质含量高的特点，研究了等电点沉淀或混凝沉降预处理、厌氧好氧生物处理、化学沉淀和类Fenton氧化后处理组合工艺处理神经节苷脂生产废水的技术。结果表明，神经节苷脂生产废水的等电点在pH=2.2左右，通过等电点沉淀可去除30%以上的COD，但等电点时蛋白质的沉淀速度非常慢；用聚合硫酸铁对神经节苷脂生产废水进行混凝预处理的最适工艺条件是：pH=7～7.5，聚合硫酸铁用量＝500～750 mg/L。在优化条件下，混凝预处理可以使神经节苷脂生产废水的COD从27 000 mg/L左右降到13 000 mg/L左右。混凝预处理后的神经节苷脂生产废水经48 h厌氧和84 h好氧生物处理，COD值进一步下降到600 mg/L左右。然后向每升生化出水中加入2～3 mmol Fe³⁺,通过化学沉淀作用除去其中的磷酸盐，过量的Fe³⁺作为后续类Fenton氧化的催化剂。当H₂O₂(30％)用量为2～3 mL/L时，最终出水的COD值可以达到国家一级排放标准。     

Pulsed discharge plasma induced Fenton-like reactions for the enhancement of the degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water

To sufficiently utilize chemically active species and enhance the degradation rate and removal efficiency of toxic and biorefractory organic pollutant para-chlorophenol (para-CP), the introductions of iron metal ions (Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺) into either pulsed discharge plasma (PDP) process or the PDP process with TiO₂ photo-catalyst were tentatively performed. The experimental results showed that under the same experimental condition, the degradation rate and removal efficiency of para-CP were greatly enhanced by the introduction of iron ions (Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺) into the PDP process. Moreover, when iron ions and TiO₂ were added together in the PDP process, the degradation rate and removal energy of para-CP further improved. The possible mechanism was discussed that the obvious promoting effects were attributed to ferrous ions via plasma induced Fenton-like reactions by UV light irradiation excited and hydrogen peroxide formed in pulsed electrical discharge, resulting in a larger amount of hydroxyl radicals produced from the residual hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the regeneration of ferric ions to ferrous ions facilitates the progress of plasma induced Fenton-like reactions by photo-catalytic reduction of UV light, photo-catalytic reduction on TiO₂ surface and electron transfer of quinone intermediates, i.e. 1,4-hydroquinone and 1,4-benzoquinone.     

New Fe-immobilized natural bentonite plate used as photo-Fenton catalyst for organic pollutant degradation

Novel photo-Fenton catalysts were prepared by immobilizing iron species on commercial bentonite plates via two methods: (1) ion exchange reaction (Fe³⁺ vs. Na⁺) by aqueous suspension powder-clay/FeCl₃ followed by plate preparation, and (2) forced hydrolysis of Fe(NO₃)₃ onto a prefabricated clay plate. The last method led to a more photo-active Fe-oxide/bentonite plate. This material allowed, at a non-adjusted initial pH of 5.5 and in the presence of H₂O₂, the total degradation of resorcinol and 55% mineralization in 80 and 100 min of irradiation, respectively. The reached degradation percentages were correlated to the presence of dissolved iron, demonstrating that in these processes, the homogeneous photo-Fenton reactions were mainly responsible for the resorcinol elimination.Likewise, in slurry system, where clay has normally an increased surface area, there was no increase in activity because of a reduced leached iron probably due to the diminished light penetration in the suspension. Despite the lower surface area, in comparison to that of the slurry, the clay plates have the advantage, as heterogeneous photo-catalysts, that separation of the reaction media after treatment is not needed, and thus, a potential use for batch and continuous reaction systems is proposed.     

用H2O2/Fe3+处理高浓度含甲醛废水的研究

研究采用H₂O₂/Fe³⁺催化氧化处理高浓度含甲醛废水，探讨了双氧水和催化剂投加量、反应pH及反应温度等操作条件对处理效果的影响，并通过酸溶解回用失活催化剂。结果表明，较优的操作条件为：H₂O₂/COD（质量比）=2.2～2.6，Fe³⁺/H₂O₂（摩尔比）=0.048～0.058，反应pH 1.80～2.68，反应温度50℃，反应时间40 min；在上述操作条件下，甲醛去除率达到99%以上，COD去除率达到85%以上。失活的催化剂可通过稀酸溶解后循环使用，其效果与三价铁盐作催化剂的基本相同。采用H₂O₂/Fe³⁺处理含甲醛废水具有比采用H₂O₂/Fe³⁺较优的效果。     

Fe3O4/CeO2-H2O2非均相类Fenton体系下降解TCE的研究

采用浸渍法成功合成了新型催化剂纳米Fe3O4/CeO_2,并且用Fe3O4/CeO_2-H_2O_2非均相Fenton体系对TCE进行降解研究,考察了初始pH、H_2O_2浓度、温度及催化剂投加量等因素对于TCE降解效率的影响.实验结果表明,Fe3O4/CeO_2-H_2O_2非均相Fenton体系对TCE具有较好的去除效果:在初始pH=3,温度50℃,H_2O_2浓度30 mmol·L-1和Fe3O4/CeO_2投加量0.5 mg·L-1时,TCE去除率高达97.29%.同时实验结果表明pH在2~7范围内对TCE均有降解效果,所以相对于传统Fenton体系,该体系拥有更宽pH应用范围.目标污染物的降解符合一级动力学,反应活化能为30.77 k J·mol-1,表明反应易于进行.