内源性气态SO2对血管的舒张作用及其机制：细胞离子通道的作用

为了探讨内源性气态二氧化硫(SO2)对心血管功能的调节作用,首次采用SO2气体直接作用血管环的方法,观察SO2对血管环张力的影响及其与血管组织细胞离子通道的关系.结果发现:1)SO2气体不论在生理相关浓度范围内,还是在高浓度下均可剂量依赖性地引起血管环的舒张反应,EC50值为(1247.38±98.32)μmol·L-1.在生理浓度((110.34±35.22)μmol·L-1)和较低浓度下(<450μmol·L-1),SO2的舒张作用是内皮依赖性的,而在较高浓度下(>500μmol·L-1),SO2的舒张作用与内皮无关;2)硝苯地平(Nifedipine,L型钙通道阻断剂)可部分抑制较高浓度(1500μmol·L-1)SO2引起的舒张反应,而对较低浓度(30、300μmol·L-1)SO2引起的舒张反应无显著影响;3)四乙基氯化铵(TEA,非特异性钾通道阻断剂)则对较低浓度和较高浓度SO2引起的舒张反应均有部分抑制作用;4)格列本脲(Glibenclamide,ATP敏感的钾通道(KATP)的特异阻断剂)可部分抑制1500μmol·L-1SO2引起的舒张反应,而对30、300μmol·L-1SO2引起的舒张反应无显著影响;5)IbTx(Iberiotoxin,大电导钙激活钾通道(BKCa)阻断剂)只可部分抑制30、300μmol·L-1SO2引起的舒张反应,而对1500μmol·L-1SO2引起的舒张反应无显著影响.由此结论:内源性气态SO2对大鼠离体胸主动脉环有剂量依赖性的舒张作用;在生理浓度和较低浓度下,SO2的舒张作用是内皮依赖性的,其作用机制与BKCa通道有关;而在较高浓度下,SO2的舒张作用与内皮无关,其作用机制与KATP和L型钙通道等有关;气态SO2的生理作用远大于它的衍生物亚硫酸盐和亚硫酸氢盐.     

Regulation of autophagy in rat hepatocytes treated in vitro with low concentration of mercury

Several proteins are implicated in the regulation of autophagy in cells under various physiological and pathological conditions. Recently it was found that in vitro initiation of autophagy in 5 μM mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) treated rat hepatocytes occurred within 30 min of incubation. The aim of this study was to monitor the autophagy–ubiquitination link to determine the regulatory mechanisms underlying autophagy at a concentration of 5 μM HgCl₂. Autophagic cell death was evidenced by the presence of LC3B positive hepatocytes throughout the incubation period of 4 hr. Autophagosome maturation occurred following 1 hr of metal treatment accompanied by an enhanced expression of several regulatory proteins such as p62, Keap1, and caspase-8, which drive the hepatocytes toward autophagy. In addition, the rate of increase in down-regulation in a p38 expression was significantly higher than that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) at 1 hr incubation, followed by a significant decline in the p38 level at 2 and 4 hr following metal treatment. In contrast, the expression of ERK remained higher than that of p38 at 2 and 4 hr. Data indicate that intracellular activation of the major regulatory proteins such as LC3B, caspase-8, Keap1, p62, ERK, and p38 modulates autophagy through ubiquitination in rat hepatocytes exposed to low concentrations of Hg.     

A multispecies test of source–sink indicators to prioritize habitat for declining populations

For species at risk of decline or extinction in source–sink systems, sources are an obvious target for habitat protection actions. However, the way in which source habitats are identified and prioritized can reduce the effectiveness of conservation actions. Although sources and sinks are conceptually defined using both demographic and movement criteria, simplifications are often required in systems with limited data. To assess the conservation outcomes of alternative source metrics and resulting prioritizations, we simulated population dynamics and extinction risk for 3 endangered species. Using empirically based habitat population models, we linked habitat maps with measured site‐ or habitat‐specific demographic conditions, movement abilities, and behaviors. We calculated source–sink metrics over a range of periods of data collection and prioritized consistently high‐output sources for conservation. We then tested whether prioritized patches identified the habitats that most affected persistence by removing them and measuring the population response. Conservation decisions based on different source–sink metrics and durations of data collection affected species persistence. Shorter time series obscured the ability of metrics to identify influential habitats, particularly in temporally variable and slowly declining populations. Data‐rich source–sink metrics that included both demography and movement information did not always identify the habitats with the greatest influence on extinction risk. In some declining populations, patch abundance better predicted influential habitats for short‐term regional persistence. Because source–sink metrics (i.e., births minus deaths; births and immigrations minus deaths and emigration) describe net population conditions and cancel out gross population counts, they may not adequately identify influential habitats in declining populations. For many nonequilibrium populations, new metrics that maintain the counts of individual births, deaths, and movement may provide additional insight into habitats that most influence persistence.     

Cytotoxic effect of fenitrothion and lambda-cyhalothrin mixture on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in rat kidney

A mixture of pyrethroids plus organophosphates was assessed for their potential effects on lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant defense system and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rat kidney in vitro. Various insecticide concentrations were incubated with kidney homogenate at 37°C for different incubation times. Treatment with fenitothion (FNT) plus lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) caused a significant induction (P < 0.05) in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which might be associated to decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and protein content in rat kidney. However, a significant induction of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was observed. The effect was concentration and time dependent. It can be concluded that depletion of GSH might indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be involved in the toxic effects of FNT plus LC which lead to marked perturbations in antioxidant defense system.     

高野豆腐等对大白鼠中二噁英类的排泄作用研究

通过投给大白鼠二噁英类(1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD和2,3,7,8-TeCDD),并喂食高野豆腐、酵素处理的高野豆腐、水溶性食物纤维等,对二噁英类从其粪便中的排泄和体内蓄积的抑制进行了研究.研究结果表明高野豆腐制品比水溶性食物纤维能更有效地促进二噁英类从粪便中排泄,更有效地抑制其在肝脏中的蓄积.     

不同硒化合物在WISTAR大鼠主要组织器官中的分布

对Wistar大鼠一次性灌服亚硒酸钠、硒代硫酸软骨素、硒代蛋氨酸和硒酵母后,硒在小肠、肝脏、肾脏和心脏中的含量均有提高,不同硒化合物在不同脏器中的时效规律不完全相同,但主要脏器的硒排出过程均符合指数扩散规律.硒代蛋氨酸在脑中积累,在其他脏器中表现明显滞留效应.脏器硒含量顺序为硒代蛋氨酸>亚硒酸钠≈硒代硫酸软骨素>硒酵母.     

围生期双酚A暴露对子代大鼠脾脏免疫功能的影响

为了研究围生期双酚A(BPA)暴露对子代脾脏免疫功能的影响,选择F344大鼠,按体重随机分为对照、低、中、高4个剂量组(BPA暴露剂量分别为0、4、40、400mg·kg-1·d-1),从雌鼠妊娠第0天开始至子鼠出生后30天,每天灌胃染毒1次,观察子鼠脾脏组织形态学的变化,并采用实时定量PCR检测IL-2、IL-12、IFN-γ、TNF-α4种细胞因子mRNA表达的改变.结果表明,1)与对照组相比,低剂量组子鼠脾重、脾脏指数均显著增加(p<0.05),体重无显著变化(p>0.05);中剂量组子鼠脾脏指数显著增加(p<0.05),体重和脾重无显著变化(p>0.05);高剂量组子鼠体重、脾重均显著降低(p<0.05),脾脏指数无显著变化(p>0.05).2)与对照组相比,各暴露组子鼠脾脏IL-2、IL-12、IFN-γ、TNF-α4种细胞因子mRNA表达均显著降低(p<0.01).以上结果提示,BPA可能能够透过胎盘屏障并通过乳汁传递给子代,降低子代的机体免疫功能.     

单甲脒在大鼠体内的吸收,代谢和排出的研究

大鼠经口灌喂单甲脒后，通过测定实验动物不同时间的血、尿及内脏中单甲脒和代谢产物２，４－二甲基苯胺的含量，研究了单甲脒在大鼠体内的呼收、代谢和排出的变化规律。单甲脒经消化道被迅速吸收，４８ｈ内９０％在肝脏代谢转化。７２ｈ内９０％以代谢产物的形式随尿液排出体外。     

单甲脒和2,4—二甲基苯胺在大鼠肝脏中的残留分析

本文研究了大鼠肝脏中单甲脒及其代谢产物２，４－二甲基苯胺残留量的气相色谱分析方法。肝脏匀浆用１ｍｏｌ．１＾－１ｈＨＣ１加热回流提取，等分为Ａ，Ｂ两份，Ａ份溶液调ｐＨ至１３后用石油醚萃取定容；Ｂ份加两倍体积的１０ｍｏｌ．１＾－１ＮａＯＨ溶解后用石油醚萃取定容。分别经七氟丁酸酐衍生化，用带电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪测定２，４－二甲基苯胺的含量，最后计算单甲脒的残留量。该方法对２，４－二甲基苯胺的最低检     

新疆草原蝗、鼠灾害与控制策略

以最近14年新疆治蝗灭鼠现状为依据,分析了草原蝗虫害鼠的为害与防治现状,指出牧业防治和生物防治是今后的方向,健全测报是做好防治的根本,认为加强研究,开放思维、引资合作,共图效益是较为理想的有害生物控制途径。