重金属Cd,Cr,Pb,Zn对小麦生长的影响

通过水培实验,研究了不同浓度的重金属Cd,Cr,Pb,Zn对小麦的生长初期(发芽、长出两片真叶后7d)的影响。测量指标有叶绿素含量和重金属在小麦体内的积累量。结果表明,低浓度的重金属并不影响小麦叶绿素的合成,甚至会起促进作用。高浓度重金属的存在对生长初期小麦叶绿素的合成有抑制作用,不同重金属的抑制作用也不同,Pb和Cr的抑制作用最大,Cd和Zn次之。小麦体内吸收的重金属量随着重金属浓度升高而增加,但吸收能力各有差异,最强的是Pb和Cr,其次是Cd和Zn。     

A flux-based assessment of the effects of ozone on foliar injury, photosynthesis, and yield of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Borlotto Nano Lingua di Fuoco) in open-top chambers

Stomatal ozone uptake, determined with the Jarvis' approach, was related to photosynthetic efficiency assessed by chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance measurements in open-top chamber experiments on Phaseolus vulgaris. The effects of O₃ exposure were also evaluated in terms of visible and microscopical leaf injury and plant productivity. Results showed that microscopical leaf symptoms, assessed as cell death and H₂O₂ accumulation, preceded by 3-4 days the appearance of visible symptoms. An effective dose of ozone stomatal flux for visible leaf damages was found around 1.33 mmol O₃ m⁻². Significant linear dose-response relationships were obtained between accumulated fluxes and optical indices (PRI, NDI, ΔF/F_m^′). The negative effects on photosynthesis reduced plant productivity, affecting the number of pods and seeds, but not seed weight. These results, besides contributing to the development of a flux-based ozone risk assessment for crops in Europe, highlight the potentiality of reflectance measurements for the early detection of ozone stress.     

叶绿素a含量对高锰酸盐指数测值影响初探

浮游植物在光合作用下产生大量有机物，使高锰酸盐指数的测定值精密度受到干扰，导致叶绿素ａ值与高锰酸盐指数值之间有良好的线性关系。因而可以通过测定叶绿素ａ值来确定高锰酸盐指数值在测定中的取样稀释倍数     

高等水生植物修复双龙湖水体叶绿素a变化试验研究

重庆渝北双龙湖水体因长期受纳城市污水，近几年水体水质恶化并呈加重趋势，为治理修复该水体，进行了水面种植高等植物净化双龙湖富营养化水体的动态和静态试验研究。结果表明，试验植物风车草、蕹菜，芹菜对叶绿素a的降低率分别是17．64％、42．99％、38．05％，附着物与根系重量比（湿重％）是风车草：5．1－132．7、芹菜：100．0、蕹菜：48．3；三种植物对富营养化水体有较好的修复作用，对降低叶绿素a作用明显，对悬浮污染物有较好的吸附作用，其中风车草对修复营养化水体的作用应予重视。     

升钟湖水体叶绿素a动态特征及其影响因子分析

2011—2015年每月监测升钟湖湖区的4个代表性断面的水质指标,分析水体中叶绿素a时空分布特征、变化规律及影响水体水质状况的其他要素。结果表明:升钟湖的叶绿素a具有显著性的年际差异,表现为夏季高、冬季低且呈现逐年下降的变化趋势,总磷、总氮、氨氮、溶解氧、透明度监测指标同样表现为夏季高、冬季低的变化趋势,除溶解氧和透明度的监测指标逐年上升外,其他监测指标均逐年下降。构建了叶绿素a与总氮、总磷的多元回归方程模型,该模型可根据水体营养盐状态准确预测升钟湖叶绿素a的变化趋势。     

Chlorination-induced cellular damage and recovery in marine microalga, Chlorella salina

Power plants employ chlorination for controlling biofouling in the cooling water system. Phytoplankton drawn into the cooling water system could be impacted by chemical stress induced by the oxidizing biocide. It is likely that microalgae, being sensitive to chlorine, could suffer damage to their cellular structure and function. In this study, we present data on the effect of in-use concentrations of chlorine on the unicellular microalga, Chlorella salina. Chlorophyll autofluorescence was measured in terms of mean fluorescence intensity per cell for rapid assessment of toxicity. Viability of the cells exposed to chlorine was determined by fluorescein diacetate staining. Functionality of the photosynthetic machinery was assessed by gross primary productivity. Results from the study, which combined confocal laser scanning microscopy with image analysis, showed a significant dose-dependant reduction in chlorophyll autofluorescence, esterase activity and gross primary productivity in chlorine-treated cells. Interestingly, the cells injured by chlorination could not recover in terms of autofluorescence, esterase activity or productivity even after 18 h incubation in healthy media. Among the test points evaluated, esterase activity appeared to be sensitive for determining the chlorination-induced impact. Our results demonstrate that low-dose chlorination causes significant decrease in chlorophyll autofluorescence, intracellular esterase activity and primary productivity in Chlorella cells.     

导数同步荧光法测定绿藻叶绿素a浓度

建立了绿藻中叶绿素a的导数同步荧光检测法。该方法快速、简便,不需要复杂的前处理。叶绿素a的线性范围为0.02～125μg/L,检出限为0.25μg/L,回收率为97.0%～103.8%。     

Quality standard codes of reference of Jordanian coastal waters of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea

Back in 1992, the Gulf of Aqaba Environmental Action Plan (GAEAP), a collaboration between the Aqaba Region Authority (ARA), Jordan and the World Bank, gave considerable emphasis to the environmental protection of the Gulf of Aqaba [The World Bank. Gulf of Aqaba Environmental Action Plan. Report No. 12244JO (1993).]. The document recommended the establishment of a marine reserve and the long term monitoring of the coastal habitats' environmental quality. The combination of a dedicated follow up, the collaborative efforts of ARA and the Marine Science Station (MSS), and the founding of the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA) have turned the recommendations into reality. A comprehensive monitoring program of the Jordanian coastal habitats commenced in 1999. The first three years of the program were financed by a donation from The Global Environmental Facility (GEF). In return, Jordan has committed itself to the maintenance of the monitoring program as an ongoing tool for sustainable coastal management. The monitoring program includes observations on benthic habitat, fish communities, bottom sediments and seawater quality. This paper focuses on the results of seawater-quality monitoring in the first three years. Records of weather conditions, coastal currents, seawater temperature, transparency, salinity, density, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate, particulate matter, chlorophyll a, zooplankton biomass, total coliform, fecal coliform, hydrocarbons and sedimentation rate have been generated monthly since January 1999 at six coastal stations, and one offshore reference station, in the Jordanian waters of the Gulf of Aqaba. The coastal stations are located at sites with different benthic habitats and are occupied by different human activities. Offshore records of density (thermohaline structure), nutrients and chlorophyll a depicted two well-defined seasons; a nutrient-/chlorophyll a-rich, mixed water winter from December to April and a nutrient-/chlorophyll a-poor, stratified water summer from June to October. Short transition seasons appeared in May and November. The mixing and stratification seasons were also clearly depicted in the coastal waters. Statistical analysis of the three-year data collected at the offshore station revealed no significant inter-annual differences in the upper 125 m of the water column with respect to any of the measured parameters. At coastal stations, the water quality at the two northernmost stations was significantly different in comparison to the upper 125 m at the offshore station and to the other coastal stations, with respect to the two key indicator parameters: inorganic nitrogen and chlorophyll a. The three-year findings of the monitoring program are employed to suggest standard codes of reference for the coastal water quality.     

Ozone effects on three Sambucus species

The onset and development of symptoms of three Sambucus species, S. ebulus, S. nigra and S. racemosa were studied in 2002 under three different experimental conditions, in charcoal filtered air (CF), and in two ozone enriched treatment: non filtered air plus 40 ppb ozone (NF+), and non filtered air plus 70 ppb ozone (NF++). The herb S. ebulus was more sensitive than the shrubs S. racemosa and S. nigra. Some plants of the three species showed visible injury below the AOT40 threshold of 10,000 ppb·h, established for protection of vegetation. Ozone produced a decrease in chlorophyll content in S. ebulus, and impaired both stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis in S. ebulus and S. nigra. A complementary study in 2004 with S. ebulus, confirmed a decrease in chlorophyll content after fumigation, associated to a decrease in N content of the leaves. Since S. ebulus is a widespread species in Europe and it is very sensitive to ozone, it could be a very appropriate plant for the biomonitoring studies across large areas in this continent.     

用相关分析法评价大口子湖叶绿素a及其理化因子

利用因子分析技术对淮阴市大口子湖不同空间叶绿素ａ的季节作排序分析，以叶绿素a为因 变量，回归分析自变量１０项湖水理化因子变化情况。分析结果表明：在１０项理化因子中，决定大口子湖叶绿素ａ数量变化的主导因子为总磷。提出了大口子湖除磷及综合治理的意见。