上海市闸北区城市河道水质演变规律和新出现的问题

通过对十年来上海市闸北区范围内彭越浦、走马塘和西泗塘三条河道上的四个监测断面的水质监测数据,选取高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、生化需氧量、氨氮、石油类、总磷和挥发酚七项指标,运用水质综合指数法探讨了水质变化趋势、时空变化特征、主要污染因子及其变化趋势,在发现水质显著改善的同时,对新出现的问题进行了探讨。     

天津市环境空气中一氧化碳污染特征及变化趋势研究

文章通过对2010年天津市12个环境空气质量监测国控点(不含清洁对照点)实时连续监测的CO数据的深入分析,探讨了其浓度趋势变化和污染特征。结果表明:CO日变化规律呈典型的双峰型,冬季CO浓度最高,夏季最低,CO与O3和温度均呈较好的负相关性。     

“十一五”期间甘南县环境噪声变化及防治对策

以甘南县环境监测站"十一五"期间环境噪声监测结果为依据,对县域的环境噪声进行分析,并提出了防治对策。     

县域城镇空气质量变化与防治对策分析研究

摘要：对2006～2011年宜良县城NO2、SO2、PM10监测数据进行统计分析,认为SO2是县城的主要污染物。3种污染物年际浓度变化为：NO2、SO2下降趋势显著,PM10下降趋势不显著;季节浓度变化为：S02冬〉秋〉春〉夏,N02、PM10冬〉春〉秋〉夏,并提出防治建议。     

Characterizing ionic species in PM2:5 and PM10 in four Pearl River Delta cities, South China

PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)samples were collected at four major cities in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),South China,during winter and summer in 2002.Six water-soluble ions,Na~ ,NH_4~ ,K~ ,Cl~-,NO_3~- and SO_4~(2-)were measured using ion chromatography.On average,ionic species accounted for 53.3% and 40.5% for PM_(2.5)and PM_(10),respectively in winter and 39.4% and 35.2%,respectively in summer. Secondary ions such as sulfate,nitrate and ammonium accounted for the major part of the total ionic species.Sulfate was the most abundant species followed by nitrate.Overall,a regional pollution tendency was shown that there were higher concentrations of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium in Guangzhou City than those in the other PRD cities.Significant seasonal variations were also observed with higher levels of species in winter but lower in summer.The Asian monsoon system was favorable for removal and diffusion of air pollutants in PRD in summer while highly loading of local industrial emissions tended to deteriorate the air quality as well.NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-) ratio indicated that mobile sources have considerably contribution to the urban aerosol,and stationary sources should not be neglected. Besides the primary emissions,complex atmospheric reactions under favorable weather conditions should be paid more attention for the control of primary emission in the PRD region.     

北京城区大气干沉降的水溶性离子特征

为了解北京城区大气干沉降中水溶性离子的化学组成与时间变化特征,连续进行了4年多的干沉降采样与分析.结果表明,在222个有效干沉降样品中,存在不同程度的阴离子缺失. SO42-与Ca2+分别是含量最丰富的阴、阳离子组分,其次是NO3-和NH4+. SO42-、NO3-和NH4+呈现相似的季节变化特征,即其浓度在夏季最高,冬季最低. 干沉降基本呈中性,其pH值月变化幅度小,但季节变化明显,夏季低而春季高.     

人类活动对川东平行岭谷区岩溶地下水化学性质季节变化的影响

以川东平行岭谷区典型岩溶槽谷--北碚槽上为研究区域,通过对8月和11月的岩溶地下水水化学性质研究,发现槽上岩溶地下水的化学性质呈现明显的季节性：电导率、矿化度、SO42-浓度及HCO3-浓度都是8月大于11月,与气温和降水量的变化相对应,也与人类在8月份对土地利用的强度大于在11月份对土地利用的强度相对应。研究区地下水的化学性质与人类活动对土地利用的季节差异具有比较明显的对应关系,为进一步认识岩溶地下水的时间变化规律提供科学数据,也有利于认识人类活动对生态环境产生的影响,从而采取更加合理的措施来治理和保护岩溶地区有限的地下水资源,满足人们的生活和生产需要。     

丽江古城水环境质量变化趋势浅析

通过对丽江古城2002年～2010年水环境质量情况及变化趋势的分析,找出水质不断下降的原因,提出了古城水环境保护的相应对策和措施。     

苏州地区黑碳气溶胶季节变化研究

通过对2011年7月至2012年4月苏州地区黑碳气溶胶浓度的季节变化与气象条件的关系进行分析研究,主要得出以下结论:水平风场、大气环流形势决定黑碳扩散条件;秸秆焚烧是秋季黑碳浓度增加的主要来源;降水是导致冬季黑碳浓度偏低的主要原因。     

Seasonal and diurnal variations of atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate, peroxypropionyl nitrate, and carbon tetrachloride in Beijing

Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate(PPN), and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) were measured from September 2010 to August 2011 in Beijing. PAN exhibited low values from mid-autumn to early spring(October to March) with monthly average concentrations ranging from 0.28 to 0.73 ppbV, and increased from early spring to summer(March to August), ranging from 1.37–3.79 ppbV. The monthly variation of PPN was similar to PAN, with low values(below detection limit to 0.18 ppbV) from mid-autumn to early spring, and a monthly maximum in September(1.14 ppbV). The monthly variation of CCl4was tightly related to the variation of temperature, exhibiting a minimum in winter(69.3 pptV) and a maximum of 180.6 pptV in summer. Due to weak solar intensity and short duration, PAN and O3showed no distinct diurnal patterns from morning to night during winter, whereas for other seasons, they both exhibited maximal values in the late afternoon(ca. 15:00 to 16:00 local time) and minimal values during early morning and midnight. Good linear correlations between PAN and PPN were found in autumn(R = 0.91), spring(R = 0.94), and summer(R = 0.81), with slopes of 0.130, 0.222, and 0.133, respectively, suggesting that anthropogenic hydrocarbons dominated the photochemical formation of PANs in Beijing. Positive correlation between PAN and O3 in summer with the low slopes( O3 / PAN) ranging from 9.92 to 18.0 indicated serious air pollution in Beijing, and strong negative correlation in winter reflected strong O3consumption by NO titration and less thermal decompositin of PAN.