含油污泥资源化技术研究进展＊

含油污泥资源化技术的研究,应该重视多种热源热解技术开发,包括微波热解技术的研究。文章着重对含油污泥热解技术的研究进行了总结,包括微波热解技术的进展情况。研究得出:热解技术有望在固体废物处置及其资源化、有机质热解作低碳能源等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。开展含油污泥资源化研究,对解决我国国民经济持续发展过程中面临的能源短缺和环境挑战问题具有重要意义。     

Concurrent 2,4-D and triclopyr biomonitoring of backpack applicators, mixer/loader and field supervisor in forestry

Two herbicides, 2,4-D and triclopyr esters (application ratio 1.6:1 acid equivalents) were applied as a tank mix by a crew of 8 backpack sprayer applicators, a mixer/loader, and a field supervisor. The crew was employed in a conifer release program in northern California during the summer of 2002. Biomonitoring (urine, 24 h) utilized 2,4-D and triclopyr (a.e.) as rapidly excreted exposure biomarkers. The absorbed dosages of 2,4-D and triclopyr were calculated based upon cotton whole body suits and biomonitoring. Dosages based upon accumulation of the herbicides on body suits averaged 42.6 μg (a.e.) 2,4-D/kg-d and 8.0 μg (a.e.) triclopyr/kg-d. Six consecutive days of concurrent urine collections showed that backpack applicators excreted an average of 11.0 μg (a.e.) 2,4-D/kg-d and 18.9 μg (a.e.) triclopyr/kg-d. Estimates based upon curve fitting were 17.1 and 29.3 μg (a.e.)/kg-d, respectively. Results suggest that passive dosimetry for 2,4-D consistently overestimated the dosage measured using biomonitoring by a factor of 2-3 fold, while for triclopyr, passive dosimetry underestimated the absorbed dose based on biomonitoring by a factor of 2-4 fold.     

Impacts of leachate of landfill on the groundwater hydrochemistry and size distributions and heavy metal components of colloids: a case study in NE China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Colloids associated with heavy metals are ubiquitous in contaminated groundwater; waste accumulation at imperfectly sealed landfills can produce large...     

Increasing concentrations of aerosols offset the benefits of climate warming on rice yields during 1980–2008 in Jiangsu Province, China

The impacts of climate change on crop yield have increasingly been of concern. In this study, we investigated the impacts of trends in sunshine duration (S) and maximum temperature (T _max) on rice yields in Jiangsu Province at both the provincial and county level during the period from 1980 to 2008. The results showed that although S and T _max both were positively correlated with rice yields, the combined impacts of the decreasing trend of S (0.37 h/decade) and the increasing trend of T _max (0.34 °C/decade) in August caused a reduction of 0.16 t ha^?1 in rice yields (approximately 1.8 %) in Jiangsu Province, and the trend of S had played a dominant role in the yield losses. Further analyses suggest that the increasing concentration of aerosols from rapid economic development in Jiangsu Province has caused a significant solar dimming at least since 1960, making mitigations and adaptation measurements on regional haze impact imperative. Our study provides a prototype for detecting negative feedback on agricultural production caused by intensified anthropogenic activities that aim only to create rapid economic development.     

β环糊精改性聚氨酯基涂料的火安全性与热解动力学分析

为提高膨胀型防火涂料的阻燃性能,以聚氨酯树脂为基料,以聚磷酸铵、尿素为阻燃体系,通过加入不同掺量的钛酸酯偶联剂改性β-环糊精（β-CD）,提高阻燃效果。通过红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、锥形量热仪（CONE）、热重分析仪(TG)、差热扫描量热仪(DSC)等,研究改性β-CD的含量对膨胀型防火涂料的火安全性的影响,使用Coats-Redfern积分法计算涂料的热解动力学。研究结果表明:改性β-CD能有效地提高涂料的阻燃性能,当β-CD为1wt%时拥有最佳阻燃性能,1wt%改性β-CD能够提高涂层的蓄热能力,延缓APP的分解和抑制碳质材料的分解,进而提高涂料的阻燃性能。通过热解动力学拟合曲线得出,1wt%的样品能在253 ℃以后显著提高反应的活化能,提高涂层的阻燃性。     

江苏高邮市农田土壤环境质量状况研究

对高邮市域内的约670 km2农田进行采样监测,利用Arcinfo软件绘制出该地区10种常见污染物的分布特征图,并根据土壤环境质量二级标准对该地区农田土壤环境质量现状进行了评价分析,在此基础上对3个典型地区土壤近20a内污染物含量状况及变化趋势进行了分析.结果表明,与1985年相比,近20a中,土壤中铜、铅、铬、汞、砷含量没有明显增加趋势;川青地区土壤中镉、车逻地区土壤中镍元素含量显著升高,其它地区含量没有显著变化;土壤锌含量在3个地区均有明显增加趋势;30个乡镇中综合污染指数P综相对较高的地区有郭集、横泾和汤庄;依据土壤环境质量二级标准评价分析,高邮地区农田土壤环境质量基本能满足农产品安全生产的条件.     

火电厂烟气脱硫系统运行常见故障分析

为降低火电厂SO<,2>的排放,大部分火电厂采用烟气脱硫技术,在烟气脱硫技术中湿式石灰石/石膏法脱硫应用最为广泛,而脱硫系统的运行可靠性是保证火电厂烟气脱硫效果,减少SO<,2>排放的重要保证.在已投运的火电厂中,脱硫系统运行可能会出现脱硫效率下降,系统堵塞等问题,因此在实际过程中如何处理好此类问题成为保证火电厂脱硫效...     

上海西南郊区PM2．5污染状况研究

研究了上海西南郊区PM2．5（细颗粒物）污染特征,分析了PM2．5与其它污染因子和气象因子相关性,并提出了PM2．5污染控制建议。     

砂土液化对基础隔震结构地震反应的影响分析∗

砂土液化会对结构的地震反应产生不可忽视的影响,这一现象也将对基础隔震结构地震反应规律产生影响。 基于有限元方法,采用 ABAQUS建立了土?隔震结构非线性动力相互作用的整体有限元分析模型,针对不同地基液化情况对基础隔震结构地震反应规律及隔震效果的影响进行了深入分析。结果表明：隔震结构下部桩基础能够有效提高下部地基的抗液化能力,进而保证隔震结构的整体稳定性。总体来看,液化场地上隔震结构的隔震效果及地震反应与输入地震动的特性相关,近场地震作用下液化地基上隔震结构的隔震性能保持良好,而远场强震作用下液化地基上隔震结构的隔震效果降低。同时隔震层产生较大的位移反应可能导致隔震支座失稳或强度破坏,设计时需特别注意。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化过酸化系统微生态特征的宏基因组学分析

过酸化失稳是困扰有机废物厌氧消化（AD）过程高效稳定运行的一大难题.为探析不同诱导方式造成过酸化的AD系统微生态特征差异,在餐厨垃圾中温AD反应器中分别引入负荷扰动（R2）、温度及搅拌扰动（R3）以诱发系统过酸化,利用宏基因组学测序技术,对比考察稳定与酸化系统微生物群落结构及主要产甲烷功能路径差异.结果表明,两种方式均成功诱发系统过酸化失稳,过酸化系统中挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）过量富集（R2、R3系统中分别高达（12.53±1.96） g·L^-1和（8.00±0.81） g·L^-1）的同时,丙酸等多碳VFA组分比例大幅升高.R2、R3系统酸化后其产甲烷菌及相关酶受到高浓度VFA的显著抑制,酸积累程度更高的R2受抑制更为明显.且经相关性分析发现,多碳酸尤其是丙酸是抑制产甲烷作用的关键因素.与R2相比,R3具有更高的耗氢能力,耗氢微生物如可耗H₂产酸的Treponema属和氢营养型产甲烷菌Methanoculleus属、Methanospirillum属等相对丰度显著高于R2.酸化系统均以乙酸营养型产甲烷为主要的产甲烷途径,并以Methanosaeta属为主要的乙酸型产甲烷菌.酸化系统中更高含量的乙酸产甲烷途径的AK-PTA酶有利于促进对乙酸的利用,增强厌氧消化微生物菌群对高浓度乙酸的耐受 能力.本研究中的相关结果可为提高有机废物AD微生态抗酸化能力提供理论依据和数据支撑.