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排序方式: 共有73条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Teru Yamamoto Kazuo Higashino Tamae Abe Takumi Takasuga Hiroaki Takemori Roland Weber Yuko Sasaki 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(32):31874-31884
Studies on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution (brine) using graphite or titanium electrodes were carried out at a laboratory scale. High concentrations of PCDFs but no PCDDs were formed in tests using graphite electrodes. With titanium electrodes, PCDFs were only formed when tar pitch was added and mainly originated from the dibenzofuran present in the tar. For the first time, a detailed assessment of the formation of mono- to octachlorinated PCDD/PCDF from tar pitch was investigated. The assessment included of the chlorination steps proved that PCDFs were formed by successive lateral chlorinated from dibenzofuran to MonoCDFs, DiCDFs, and TriCDFs to form the typical known “chlorine pattern” of TetraCDF to OctaCDF with a dominance of 1,2,7,8- and 2,3,7,8-TetraCDFs, 1,2,3,7,8-PentaCDF, and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HexaCDF as marker congeners. The final homologue distributions depended on reaction time and reaction temperature. In addition, electrolysis with non-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl was carried out. As a result, PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCB were formed at comparable yields. Congener patterns in soil samples from a PCDD/F-contaminated site where chlor-alkali electrolysis had been operated for decades in Japan had identical isomer distribution demonstrating the source and contamination potential and risk of these processes. Therefore, sites where in the past 120 years chlor-alkali electrolysis has been operated or where residues from chlor-alkali production or other chlorine using industries have been disposed should be assessed for their pollution level and exposure relevance. The assessment of total organohalogen content revealed that PCDF is only a small fraction of organohalogens in the contaminated soils. For an appropriate risk assessment, also other chlorinated aromatic compounds such as PCBs or PCNs need to be considered. 相似文献
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Ken Sasaki Kazuhisa Yamasaki Koji Tsuchida Takashi Nagao 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(5):625-629
In social insects, biogenic amines are thought to play regulatory roles in the transition between reproductive states in females.
To determine the effect of dopamine on the reproductive development of workers in primitively eusocial societies, isolated
workers of the paper wasp Polistes chinensis were supplied with oral dopamine. Ovarian development was accelerated in dopamine-fed workers as compared to control workers
of the same age fed only sucrose solution. Oral dopamine increased brain levels of dopamine and its metabolite (N-acetyldopamine). Brain levels of tyramine or octopamine were also increased by dopamine application in one of two colonies;
levels of the tyramine metabolite N-acetyltyramine were unchanged. These results indicate that dopamine plays a gonadotropic role in isolated workers in the
primitively eusocial wasp, similar to the gonadotropic role previously reported for juvenile hormone. This is the first study
to report effects of dopamine on ovarian development in workers of the paper wasp. 相似文献
4.
The decomposition of a poly(amide-imide) thin film coated on a solid copper wire was attempted using atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma. The plasma was produced by applying microwave power to an electrically conductive material in a gas mixture of argon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The poly(amide-imide) thin film was easily decomposed by argon-oxygen mixed gas plasma and an oxidized copper surface was obtained. The reduction of the oxidized surface with argon-hydrogen mixed gas plasma rapidly yielded a metallic copper surface. A continuous plasma heat-treatment process using a combination of both the argon-oxygen plasma and argon-hydrogen plasma was found to be suitable for the decomposition of the poly(amide-imide) thin film coated on the solid copper wire. 相似文献
5.
Takeshi Sasaki Atsushi Iizuka Masayuki Watanabe Teruhisa Hongo Akihiro Yamasaki 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(10):1829-1835
Solid adsorbent materials, prepared from waste cement powder and concrete sludge were assessed for removal of arsenic in the form of arsenic (As(V)) from water. All the materials exhibited arsenic removal capacity when added to distilled water containing 10–700 mg/L arsenic. The arsenic removal isotherms were expressed by the Langmuir type equations, and the highest removal capacity was observed for the adsorbent prepared from concrete sludge with heat treatment at 105 °C, the maximum removal capacity being 175 mg-As(V)/g. Based on changes in arsenic and calcium ion concentrations, and solution pH, the removal mechanism for arsenic was considered to involve the precipitation of calcium arsenate, Ca3(AsO4)2. The enhanced removal of arsenic for the adsorbent prepared from concrete sludge with heat treatment was thought to reflect ion exchange by ettringite. The prepared adsorbents, derived from waste cement and concrete using simple procedures, may offer a cost effective approach for arsenic removal and clean-up of contaminated waters, especially in developing countries. 相似文献
6.
Osamu Sawai Teppei Nunoura Kazuo Yamamoto 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(1):82-92
Sewage sludge, a byproduct of municipal wastewater treatment, was gasified by supercritical water using a bench-scale batch reactor. Configuration of bench-scale batch reactor and operation procedures are discussed in detail. Experience and challenges that arose during the experiment are also shared. Using the bench-scale reactor under the condition of 600 °C, 23 MPa, and a reaction time of 60 min without catalyst presence, a total gas yield of 9.8 mol/(kg-sewage sludge) was obtained. Furthermore, investigations on operational parameters were conducted. Extension of reaction time up to 60 min increased the gasification, reaching a plateau thereafter. Investigation on pressure indicated the superiority of supercritical pressure. The addition of Ni as a catalyst also promoted gasification, although inorganic salts and char seemed to cover the catalyst surface. With regard to the prospect of future operation at a municipal waste water treatment plant, the effect of operational parameters on heavy metal concentration in the liquid phase is also discussed. 相似文献
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One of the major consequences of global warming is a rise in sea surface temperature which may affect the survival of marine
organisms including phytoplankton. Here, we provide experimental evidence for heat-induced cell death in a symbiotic microalga.
Shifting Symbiodinium microadriaticum from 27 to 32°C resulted in an increase in mortality, an increase in caspase 3-like activity, and an increase in nitric oxide
(NO) production. The caspase-like activity was strongly correlated with the production of NO in thermally challenged microalgae.
For this experiment, the application of Ac-DEVD-CHO, a mammalian caspase 3-specific inhibitor, partly prevented (by 65%) the
increase in caspase-like activity. To verify the relationship between NO and the caspase-like activity, S. microadriaticum were subsequently incubated with 1.0 mM of the following chemical NO donors: sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and 3,3bis(Aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-triazene (NOC-18). The supplementation of both SNP and
NOC-18 caused a significant increase in caspase-like activity compared to the control treatment. Pre-treatment of the microalgae
with the inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO before the supplementation of the different NO donors completely prevented the increase in
caspase-like activity. These results suggest that NO could play a role in the induction of cell death in heat-stressed S. microadriaticum by mediating an increase in caspase-like activity. 相似文献
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