Mechanism of complexation of toxic arsenate,selenate, and molybdate with hydrotalcites

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Wastewater from the uranium mining industry contains toxic arsenate (AsO43–), selenate (SeO42–), and molybdate (MoO42–) that can be removed by...     

A review of global outlook on fluoride contamination in groundwater with prominence on the Pakistan current situation

Several million people are exposed to fluoride (F^?) via drinking water in the world. Current review emphasized the elevated level of fluoride concentrations in the groundwater and associated potential health risk globally with a special focus on Pakistan. Millions of people are deeply dependent on groundwater from different countries of the world encompassing with an elevated level of fluoride. The latest estimates suggest that around 200 million people, from among 25 nations the world over, are under the dreadful fate of fluorosis. India and China, the two most populous countries of the world, are the worst affected. In Pakistan, fluoride data of 29 major cities are reviewed and 34% of the cities show fluoride levels with a mean value greater than 1.5 mg/L where Lahore, Quetta and Tehsil Mailsi are having the maximum values of 23.60, 24.48, > 5.5 mg/L, respectively. In recent years, however, other countries have minimized, even eliminated its use due to health issues. High concentration of fluoride for extended time period causes adverse effects of health such as skin lesions, discoloration, cardiovascular disorders, dental fluorosis and crippling skeletal fluorosis. This review deliberates comprehensive strategy of drinking water quality in the global scenario of fluoride contamination, especially in Pakistan with prominence on major pollutants, mitigation technologies, sources of pollution and ensuing health problems. Considering these verities, health authorities urgently need to establish alternative means of water decontamination in order to prevent associated health problems.     

突发性水体重金属污染应急处理处置技术研究进展

近年来突发性水体重金属污染事件频发,严重威胁流域水资源安全,制约国民经济和社会的可持续发展。尽管突发性水体重金属污染应急处理处置技术备受关注,但现有的技术储备仍十分薄弱。本文基于文献调研和已有的案例总结,系统评述了现有的应急处理处置技术的优缺点,并简要介绍了这些应急技术在已报道的国内历次突发性重金属水污染事件中的实践应用,指出了突发性重金属水污染应急处理处置技术的发展趋势,对于未来应对突发性重金属水污染事件快速选择经济、有效、绿色的应急处理处置技术和应对策略具有重要的参考价值。     

双酚类化合物的毒理学效应及微生物降解机制的研究进展

双酚类化合物作为重要的有机化工原料,广泛应用于各行各业。然而双酚类化合物是一类内分泌干扰物,毒性评价结果表明其与许多疾病发病率的升高密切相关。伴随双酚类化合物的大量使用,诸多环境样品中都检测出双酚类化合物。由于双酚类化合物的结构稳定,很难在自然界中被完全降解,会不断累积,对生态安全和人体健康产生危害,亟待有效修复。有机污染物的物理化学修复方法易对环境造成二次污染,微生物降解因其获取容易、无二次污染等特点成为双酚类化合物修复的有效途径。本文总结概述了几种典型双酚类化合物的毒性评价及微生物降解机制。     

水体、土壤和沉积物中铊的化学形态研究进展

铊(TI)是一个典型性的毒害重金属元素,在环境中的迁移转化行为、富集机制、毒性和生物效应与其赋存化学形态密切相关.本文对水体、土壤和沉积物中Tl化学形态分布、演化特征和化学形态分析方法作了系统总结和评述,并对Tl化学形态分析存在问题及未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

镉同位素及其环境示踪

随着多道接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)的发展和广泛应用,镉(Cd)稳定同位素已成为当前非传统同位素地球化学的研究热点之一。本文对Cd同位素的分析方法、组成特征、变化规律、分馏机制及环境应用等问题进行了系统评述。总体来说,地球样品的Cd同位素组成(δ114/110 Cd)分馏较小(-2.47‰~+3.17‰),陨石等地外物质同位素分馏较大(-9.07‰~+16.13‰),已发现的分馏过程包括蒸发/冷凝过程、吸附沉淀/溶解过程、生物吸收过程。同时,Cd同位素作为一种全新的地球化学指标,可指示物源、天体演化、海洋初级生产力及营养物质循环、全球碳循环等过程;有效示踪环境介质与生物体中Cd的污染来源,为环境科学的研究提供新的视角和信息。     

华南大东山花岗岩地质背景区土壤铊来源及富集特征研究

通过对粤湘赣交界处大东山花岗岩体及其上发育的风化土壤进行野外地质调查、主微量元素和铊(Tl)形态含量分析研究,初步揭示华南花岗岩风化成土过程中Tl的迁移富集规律。研究结果表明:(1)大东山花岗岩及其风化土壤的Tl含量明显超出我国和世界自然土壤Tl含量背景值(～1mg/kg),证实研究区土壤普遍存在Tl富集现象;(2)风化壳样品组分与花岗岩具有很好的地球化学继承性,是大东山花岗岩原位风化的产物,且母岩成分相对均一;(3)Tl主要为残渣态(>75%),且Tl与Rb和K具有良好的正相关性,说明风化壳花岗岩和土壤中Tl分别主要存储在含钾硅酸盐矿物(黑云母和钾长石)和粘土矿物(如伊利石)晶格中;(4)质量迁移系数表明Tl在风化壳剖面上层被淋滤出,向下迁移,随后在淀积层发生沉淀、富集;(5)母质C层土壤中残渣态Tl含量与花岗岩相似,但占比明显低。因此,在花岗岩风化成土过程中,伴随着含钾原生矿物的分解,Tl可被释放到风化壳地表环境中进而富集,形成华南花岗岩地区土壤Tl富集现象,对区域土壤质量安全的影响值得关注。     

彩塘电镀区底泥重金属污染与释放特征

采集了彩塘不锈钢电镀区河段9个典型底泥样品,研究了底泥重金属含量及其地球化学形态以及底泥在不同pH值下的释放特征,并探索了碱石灰对底泥重金属的固定效果.研究表明,该区域底泥中Cr、Cu、Cd、Ni、Pb、Zn大大超过了广东省土壤背景值,其中Cu、Cd、Cr、Ni超过了《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—1995)二级标准的4.4、3.7、1.6、5.3倍.底泥中的重金属迁移性的大小为Cd>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cu>Cr.重金属释放是长期持续过程,随着水体pH值降低,底泥重金属释放量逐渐升高.底泥中加入碱石灰能有效地降低重金属的生物有效性,减少底泥重金属释放.     

Zero-valent manganese nanoparticles coupled with different strong oxidants for thallium removal from wastewater

• Nano zero-valent manganese (nZVMn, Mn⁰) is synthesized via borohydrides reduction. • Mn⁰ combined with persulfate/hypochlorite is effective for Tl removal at pH 6-12. • Mn⁰ can activate persulfate to form hydroxyl and sulfate radicals. • Oxidation-induced precipitation and surface complexation contribute to Tl removal. • Combined Mn⁰-oxidants process is promising in the environmental field. Nano zero-valent manganese (nZVMn, Mn⁰) was prepared through a borohydride reduction method and coupled with different oxidants (persulfate (S₂O₈²⁻), hypochlorite (ClO⁻), or hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)) to remove thallium (Tl) from wastewater. The surface of Mn⁰ was readily oxidized to form a core-shell composite (MnO_x@Mn⁰), which consists of Mn⁰ as the inner core and MnO_x (MnO, Mn₂O₃, and Mn₃O₄) as the outer layer. When Mn⁰ was added alone, effective Tl(I) removal was achieved at high pH levels (>12). The Mn⁰-H₂O₂ system was only effective in Tl(I) removal at high pH (>12), while the Mn⁰-S₂O₈²⁻ or Mn⁰-ClO⁻ system had excellent Tl(I) removal (>96%) over a broad pH range (4–12). The Mn⁰-S₂O₈²⁻ oxidation system provided the best resistance to interference from an external organic matrix. The isotherm of Tl(I) removal through the Mn⁰-S₂O₈²⁻ system followed the Freundlich model. The Mn⁰ nanomaterials can activate persulfate to produce sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that oxidation-induced precipitation, surface adsorption, and electrostatic attraction are the main mechanisms for Tl(I) removal resulting from the combination of Mn⁰ and oxidants. Mn⁰ coupled with S₂O₈²⁻/ClO⁻ is a novel and effective technique for Tl(I) removal, and its application in other fields is worthy of further investigation.