Mechanism of complexation of toxic arsenate,selenate, and molybdate with hydrotalcites

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Wastewater from the uranium mining industry contains toxic arsenate (AsO43–), selenate (SeO42–), and molybdate (MoO42–) that can be removed by...     

Steady performance of a zero valent iron packed anaerobic reactor for azo dye wastewater treatment under variable influent quality

Zero valent iron (ZVI) is expected to help create an enhanced anaerobic environment that might improve the performance of anaerobic treatment. Based on this idea, a novel ZVI packed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (ZVI-UASB) reactor was developed to treat azo dye wastewater with variable influent quality. The results showed that the reactor was less influenced by increases of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B concentration from 50 to 1000 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 1000 to 7000 mg/L in the feed than a reference UASB reactor without the ZVI. The ZVI decreased oxidation-reduction potential in the reactor by about 80 mV. Iron ion dissolution from the ZVI could buffer acidity in the reactor, the amount of which was related to the COD concentration. Fluorescence in situ hybridization test showed the abundance of methanogens in the sludge of the ZVI-UASB reactor was significantly greater than that of the reference one. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that the ZVI increased the diversity of microbial strains responsible for high efficiency.     

Decline of traditional rice farming constrains the recovery of the endangered Asian crested ibis (Nipponia nippon)

Traditional agriculture benefits a rich diversity of plants and animals. The winter-flooded rice fields in the Qinling Mountains, China, are the last refuge for the endangered Asian crested ibis (Nipponia nippon), and intensive efforts have been made to protect this anthropogenic habitat. Analyses of multi-temporal satellite data indicate that winter-flooded rice fields have been continuously reduced across the current range of crested ibis during the past two decades. The rate of loss of these fields in the core-protected areas has unexpectedly increased to a higher level than that in non-protected areas in the past decade. The best fit (R² = 0.87) numerical response model of the crested ibis population shows that a reduction of winter-flooded rice fields decreases population growth and predicts that the population growth will be constrained by the decline of traditional winter-flooded rice fields in the coming decades. Our findings suggest that the decline of traditional rice farming is likely to continue to pose a threat to the long-term survival and recovery of the crested ibis population in China.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0649-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

土霉素对SBR系统细菌的抑制效应与机制研究

基于SBR系统,从脱氮过程、化学需氧量(COD)的去除过程、胞外聚合物(EPS)的总量变化过程、比呼吸速率(SOUR)的变化过程及微生物群落的变化等多个角度出发,较系统地研究了不同浓度土霉素对SBR系统的冲击作用.结果表明,由于土霉素(OTC)的作用,系统氨氮去除率从空白对照组的99.0%分别下降至77.2%(OTC 1 mg·L~(-1))、47.4%(OTC 5 mg·L~(-1))及10.0%(OTC 10 mg·L~(-1)).此外,高浓度土霉素(10mg·L~(-1))引起EPS分泌量和异养菌SOUR分别下降至空白组的44.3%和41.2%.由高通量分析可得,由于高浓度土霉素(5 mg·L~(-1)以上)的作用,活性污泥中微生物的多样性显著下降,且微生物的群落结构也发生显著变化.属层面的分析可得,高浓度土霉素(5 mg·L~(-1)以上)反应器中的部分氨氧化菌,如Nitrospira和Nitrosomonas均受到了抑制.     

城市河道水质评价与研究

结合内梅罗指数法的原理,考虑金属毒性的积累效应,引入污染因子权重值,将权重值最大的评价指标纳入计算,采用改进的内梅罗指数法评价城市河道的水质污染状况。并对水质的划分标准临界值进行计算,以此作为评价水质污染状况的依据。研究结果表明,两种方法具有明显的差异,改进的内梅罗指数法对水质污染状况的评价结果较传统内梅罗指数法的辨识度更高,能够综合客观全面地体现城市河道水质状况,与真实情况较好的吻合,更为客观、合理。     

重庆市环境污染与经济增长关系的实证研究

基于环境库兹尼茨理论(EKC),选取1995年-2012年重庆市工业“三废”的排放数据和对应年的经济数据,对两者关系进行回归模拟.研究结果表明,三项环境污染指标(工业废水、工业废气、工业固废的排放量)均与人均GDP之间存在着N型的三次曲线关系,其中工业废水和固废呈倒N型,废气的变化总趋势呈正N型.根据模拟结果,结合重庆市的实际情况,进一步分析了三条曲线的特征,并对曲线变化做出了相关解释,为重庆市的环境保护与生态经济建设提供了有利的科学依据.     

抗生素及其抗性基因在环境中的污染、降解和去除研究进展

随着抗生素及其抗菌产品的广泛应用,自然和人工环境中的抗生素残留带来的危害引起人们关注.本文基于最新文献,综述了国内外抗生素及其抗性基因的污染水平和来源、它们之间的关系和传播机理以及这类污染物的降解和去除技术.现有研究表明,抗生素及其抗性基因的污染已遍布水、土壤、大气等介质,而在以污水处理厂和固废填埋场为代表的人工环境中,其污染水平更高.抗生素残留诱导产生抗性基因,其在环境中传播扩散与水平基因转移(Horizontal Gene Transfer,HGT)和微生物群落结构组成有关.抗生素和抗性基因在环境中自然降解过程受基质类型、光照、温度和微生物种群等因素的影响,其中光照是影响其降解的重要因子;而在人工处理系统中,紫外消毒和生化降解对抗生素及其抗性基因有较好的去除效果,但并非全部有效.建议今后加强对特定环境中抗生素和抗生素抗性基因的扩散规律和高效降解去除等方面的机理和工艺研究,进而有效控制其环境含量,降低其污染水平.     

城市自来水中挥发性有机氯污染物检测及健康风险评价初步研究

水质安全是饮用水安全的重中之重,直接关系到人体健康。采用健康风险评价模式,对某市饮用水进行了分析和评价。研究结果表明,该市通过饮水途径引起的非致癌健康风险中四氯化碳最大,三氯甲烷次之,两者风险水平在10-5～10-6,远低于美国环境保护署推荐的最大可接受风险水平。通过饮水途径所致健康风险中,四氯乙烯所引起的致癌风险最大(1.2×10-8),但远远低于美国环境保护署推荐的通过饮水途径最大可接受风险水平(5×10-5)。根据美国环境保护署的推荐值,初步认为目前该市饮用水中挥发性有机污染物不会对人体产生明显的健康危害。     

Changes of microbial composition during wastewater reclamation and distribution systems revealed by high-throughput sequencing analyses

This study employed 454-pyrosequencing to investigate microbial and pathogenic communities in two wastewater reclamation and distribution systems. A total of 11972 effective 16S rRNA sequences were acquired from these two reclamation systems, and then designated to relevant taxonomic ranks by using RDP classifier. The Chao index and Shannon diversity index showed that the diversities of microbial communities decreased along wastewater reclamation processes. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum in reclaimed water after disinfection, which accounted for 83% and 88% in two systems, respectively. Human opportunistic pathogens, including Clostridium, Escherichia, Shigella, Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium, were selected and enriched by disinfection processes. The total chlorine and nutrients (TOC, NH₃-N and NO₃-N) significantly affected the microbial and pathogenic communities during reclaimed water storage and distribution processes. Our results indicated that the disinfectant-resistant pathogens should be controlled in reclaimed water, since the increases in relative abundances of pathogenic bacteria after disinfection implicate the potential public health associated with reclaimed water.     

车用环向缠绕气瓶原型选型分析与建议

针对业内对车用环向缠绕气瓶设计文件鉴定和型式试验工作中存在选型分歧这一实际问题,通过综合分析气瓶设计规则、型式试验规则和产品标准的要求,对该产品的原型选择进行讨论,提出一个能够符合国家标准、合理体现制造厂家诉求、且能与设计鉴定、型式试验工作相适应的选型建议。