Occurrence of dioxin-like POPs in soils from urban green space in a metropolis,North China: implication to human exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urban green space is a special space for urban life and natural contact and has an important impact on human health. However, little information is...     

Concentration and health risk evaluation of heavy metals in market-sold vegetables and fishes based on questionnaires in Beijing,China

Concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in market vegetables and fishes in Beijing, China, are investigated, and their health risk to local consumers is evaluated by calculating the target hazard quotient (THQ). The heavy metal concentrations in vegetables and fishes ranged from not detectable (ND) to 0.21 mg/kg fresh weight (f.w.) (As), ND to 0.10 mg/kg f.w. (Cd), and n.d to 0.57 mg/kg f.w. (Pb), with average concentrations of 0.17, 0.04, and 0.24 mg/kg f.w., respectively. The measured concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Zn are generally lower than the safety limits given by the Chinese regulation safety and quality standards of agriculture products (GB2762-2012). As, Cd, and Pb contaminations are found in vegetables and fishes. The exceeding standard rates are 19 % for As, 3 % for Cd, and 25 % for Pb. Pb contaminations are found quite focused on the fish samples from traditional agri-product markets. The paper further analyzed the health risk of heavy metals in vegetables and fishes respectively from supermarkets and traditional agri-product markets; the results showed that the fishes of traditional agri-product markets have higher health risk, while the supermarkets have vegetables of higher heavy metal risk, and the supervision should be strengthened in the fish supply channels in traditional agri-product markets.     

Concentrations,atmospheric partitioning,and air–water/soil surface exchange of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran along the upper reaches of the Haihe River basin,North China

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF) were overall measured and compared in ambient air, water, soils, and sediments along the upper reaches of the Haihe River of North China, so as to evaluate their concentrations, profiles, and to understand the processes of gas–particle partitioning and air–water/soil exchange. The following results were obtained: (1) The average concentrations (toxic equivalents, TEQs) of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/PCDF in air, water, sediment, and soil samples were 4,855 fg/m³, 9.5 pg/L, 99.2 pg/g dry weight (dw), and 56.4 pg/g (203 fg TEQ/m³, 0.46 pg TEQ/L, 2.2 pg TEQ/g dw, and 1.3 pg TEQ/g, respectively), respectively. (2) Although OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, OCDD, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD were the dominant congeners among four environmental sinks, obvious discrepancies of these congener and homologue patterns of PCDD/PCDF were observed still. (3) Significant linear correlations for PCDD/PCDF were observed between the gas–particle partition coefficient (K _p) and the subcooled liquid vapor pressure (P _L ⁰) and octanol–air partition coefficient (K _oa). (4) Fugacity fraction values of air–water exchange indicated that most of PCDD/PCDF homologues were dominated by net volatilization from water into air. The low-chlorinated PCDD/PCDF (tetra- to hexa-) presented a strong net volatilization from the soil into air, while high-chlorinated PCDD/PCDF (hepta- to octa-) were mainly close to equilibrium for air–soil exchange.     

海河上游地区土壤有机氯农药的分布特征研究

该文采集了海河上游地区土壤样品,测定了24种有机氯农药(OCPs)的残留量,并对其残留特征、污染来源和污染程度进行了研究。结果表明,海河上游地区土壤中检出大部分有机氯农药,其中3种有机氯农药检出率达到100%,OCPs总残留量(∑OCPs)范围为2.75~139 ng/g,平均为40.1 ng/g。DDTs和HCHs是土壤中有机氯农药的主要污染物,相应的残留量分别为2.75~131 ng/g和ND~11.0ng/g,二者的残留特征表明了该地区土壤中HCHs主要来自于早期商业残留,部分地区存在新源输入的可能;而DDTs主要来源于历史上DDTs农药的使用,部分地区显示有新源输入。土壤中HCHs污染程度较低,而部分地区土壤中DDTs属于较高程度污染,存在较大的环境风险。文章同时首次分析了海河上游土壤中DDTs的降解产物DDM(bis(p-chloropheny)-methane)、DDMU(bis(chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethylene)和DBP(dichloroben-zophenone)的残留量,并讨论了DDT降解产物的分布特征。     

Occurrence, possible sources, and temporal trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in water and sediment from the lower Yangtze River basin, Jiangsu and Shanghai areas of Eastern China

The concentrations, compositional profiles, and possible sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) in water column and surface sediment samples from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River were investigated, and the potential risks posed by these chemicals were evaluated. Concentrations of the 17 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/PCDF in the water and sediment samples ranged from 0.45 to 10.0 pg TEQ/L (mean 2.34 pg TEQ/L) and from 0.31 to 51 pg TEQ/g dw (mean 5.25 pg TEQ/g dw), respectively. Water and sediments from the Nanjing–Nantong sections of the Yangtze River were found to have elevated PCDD/PCDF levels, and the PCDD/PCDF TEQ concentrations in 13 sediment samples exceeded the probable effect levels (PEL), above which adverse biological effects are likely. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the principal PCDD/PCDF contamination source for the water and sediment was the production and use of pentachlorophenol (PCP) or sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na). PCDD/PCDF concentrations were stable over time near the Yangtze River Estuary but had increased sharply in recent decades in the Nanjing–Nantong section, which will have been related to the growth in industrial activities and other anthropogenic PCDD/PCDF sources. Total organic carbon (TOC) and PCDD/PCDF concentrations correlated significantly (R?=?0.474, P?<?0.01), suggesting that TOC plays an important role in the transport and re-distribution of PCDD/PCDF in the Yangtze River basin.     

徐州市水资源利用和污染防治的配套政策与管理制度

徐州市是南水北调东线工程最重要的沿线城市之一。充分合理利用当地和调入的资源促进徐州市经济和社会发展,同时采取有效措施可靠地控制调水河道和区域内其它河道的水污染,不仅需要技术的支持,更需要配套环境政策和管理制度体系的支持。文中针对徐州市具体情况提出了需要研究的环境政策与管理制度内容和研究中要注意的一些问题。     

基于共词分析的国内排污权交易理论研究现状探析

采用关键词共词分析方法,以1998年-2007年度中国学术期刊网（CNKI）收录的全部排污权交易相关论文为对象,对国内排污权交易领域的研究现状与特点进行了分析。研究表明：国内排污权交易理论研究主要集中在（1）排污权交易的经济学原理与基本概念;（2）初始排污权分配方式、排污权交易的博弈分析与机制设计;（3）以温室气体排放、水污染排放为对象的排污权交易实践问题探讨;（4）排污权交易市场构建与市场效率等四个方向上。在此基础上,与国外的研究进行了对比分析,指出了存在的差距,期望能够为中国开展该领域的研究提供帮助。     

Phytotoxicity and oxidative effects of typical quaternary ammonium compounds on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The large-scale use of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in medicines or disinfectants can lead to their release into the environment, posing a...     

珠江三角洲地区土壤中二噁英污染水平及其分布特征研究

应用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱(HRGC/HRMS)对珠江三角洲地区土壤中二噁英(PCDD/Fs)的浓度及其分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,土壤样品中PCDD/Fs为118~2 304pg/g,平均值为743pg/g;WHO2005-TEQ为1.09~5.56pg/g,平均值为3.25pg/g。珠江三角洲地区土壤中PCDD/Fs浓度较往年相比稍有下降,且大部分地区土壤中PCDD/Fs污染并不严重。土壤中PCDD/Fs同系物分布以OCDD为主要的特征单体,毒性单体贡献最大的是1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD和2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF,平均占总毒性当量的28.9%和16.3%。对珠江三角洲地区土壤中PCDD/Fs的源分析表明,土壤中PCDD/Fs受污染源影响较小,可能主要来自大气沉降。     

重庆市工业经济发展与环境影响关系的实证分析

采用灰色关联度分析与改进IPAT方程模型,对重庆市1995年-2008年工业经济发展与环境影响之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究发现,除工业废气总量外,其他主要工业污粢物的排放都得到了很好的控制,但SO2的生态效率相对偏低,说明未来重庆市工业污染管理的工作重点应是工业废气总量指标,同时,对SO2的控制也需进一步加强。