汽车尾气净化催化剂涂层改性研究

汽车尾气净化催化剂的净化转化效果及其耐久性，与催化剂涂层的涂覆量以及涂层和载体的结合强度密切相关。本文研究了几种不同类型表面活性剂对浆料固体含量、涂层涂覆量以及涂层结合强度的影响。研究结果表明，不使用表面活性剂时，30％为最佳的固体含量；在使用表面活性剂的情况下，浆料的固体含量可以提高至35％。非离子型表面活性剂有助于提高催化剂涂层涂覆量，而使用离子型表面活性剂的浆料球磨过程中产生大量泡沫，无法涂覆。使用非离子型表面活性剂的催化剂涂层的结合强度最好。     

青霉菌HHE-P7利用酱油废水产生微生物絮凝剂的研究

研究了微生物絮凝剂产生菌HHE-P7在酱油废水中产生微生物絮凝剂的絮凝特性。实验表明，酱油废水由于碳源丰富，是一种良好的培养基。HHE-P7菌最佳培养条件为：COD20000mg／L，K2HP041．0g／L，培养3d。最佳絮凝条件为在1L高岭土水中投加10～15mL微生物絮凝剂（MBF7），pH调至9，则絮凝率为90％以上；微生物絮凝荆在水系中主要起吸附架桥的作用。     

酸解破乳作用处理高含固率洗毛废水的研究

洗毛废水是一种高浓度有机废水,含固率高,主要成分是羊毛脂、羧酸盐和土杂,由于强极性物质的存在和胶体强的负电性,导致洗毛废水形成稳定的乳化体系.本试验通过加入硫酸改变洗毛废水的有机组成,降低体系的Zeta电位,破坏体系的稳定性,从而使得有机物发生凝聚沉降,达到去除COD的目的.硫酸加入量达到0.2%或以上时对洗毛废水中SS的自然沉降性、絮凝性和极性有很大影响,比阻从远大于9.81×1013m/kg,下降为5.54×1010m/kg,COD去除率达到86.8%,SS去除率达到98%.因此,洗毛废水加酸处理后通过机械脱水,实现固液分离,以降低原废水的色度和大幅降低COD的方式,是可供考虑的处理工艺.     

制浆废液降低普钙水分的应用研究

针对我国采用高临界流动水分的磷矿进行湿法生产普钙普遍存在产品水分达不到部颁标准的难题,直接采用制浆废液(利用其主要对环境有害成分之一--MNA作减水剂)进行降低普钙水分的研究和应用.实验结果表明,添加少量的减水剂MNA可显著降低国内朝阳、昆阳、浏阳和国外摩洛哥等单种磷矿以及昆阳-朝阳混矿的矿浆粘度和水分.采用国产昆阳-朝阳混矿进行工业生产试验结果表明,添加0.35%～0.4%干矿粉重量的减水剂MNA,不仅可使球磨添加水量从145 kg降至103 kg,矿浆含水量从30.5%降至27%,成品肥含水量从16.24%降至13.77%,而且可使有效磷从10.67%升至12.24%,转化率由86.57%提高到90.45%,矿浆细度由90.18%提高到93.12%.实验和工业生产试验表明,直接用造纸制浆废液降低普钙水分,既确保和改善了普钙的产品质量,又治理了环境污染,取得了较好的经济、环境和社会效益.     

Abundance and removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the rearing environments of intensive shrimp aquaculture in South China

Although research regarding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture environments has gained increasing scientific interest, further studies are required to understand the abundances and removal mechanisms of ARGs during the entire rearing period of shrimp aquaculture. Thus, in this study, abundances, distributions and removal rates of ARGs in different environmental compartments of intensive shrimp farms in South China were investigated during the entire rearing period. The results indicated that sul1 and cmlA were the predominant ARGs in the water and sediment samples. Additionally, the total abundance of ARGs was higher in shrimp pond water than in the source water and farm effluent. Moreover, sediment samples indicated significantly higher ARG abundances than water samples from the shrimp ponds (P?<?0.05). Environmental factors were found to significantly affect the distribution of ARGs in shrimp rearing environments. Furthermore, stable ponds aided the removal of ARGs from shrimp pond water. This study accounted for temporal variations in ARG abundances as well as removal of ARGs in different environmental compartments during the entire shrimp rearing period. However, additional research is required to optimize the water treatment process for removal of ARGs from the aquaculture.     

Comparison of different sequential extraction procedures for mercury fractionation in polluted soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Three sequential extraction procedures (SEPs), modified Tessier, modified BCR, and CIEMAT, were compared for mercury fractionation in polluted soils....     

Air pollution inequality and health inequality in China: An empirical study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - China’s residents experience unequal exposure to air pollution in different regions, and the corresponding health consequences have increased...     

The associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fetal growth has been demonstrated to be an important predictor of perinatal and postnatal health. Although the effects of maternal exposure to air...     

三维多孔碳海绵催化臭氧氧化有机染料

针对目前催化臭氧氧化催化剂效率较低、易损失等缺点,通过高温煅烧制备了三聚氰胺碳海绵,以廉价易得的三聚氰胺泡沫直接碳化制备出柔性碳海绵,探讨其在催化臭氧氧化降解印染废水反应中的应用潜力;采用SEM观察、比表面积测定、傅里叶红外光谱和X-射线光电子能谱对碳化前后泡沫进行了表征,探讨了碳化前后泡沫微观结构的变化与催化降解印染废水性能与机理。结果表明：氮气氛围下高温煅烧获得了兼具微孔/介孔结构的三维碳骨架,为催化反应提供充分暴露的活性位点和高效的传质通道;在催化臭氧氧化染料的过程中,973 K下制备的碳泡沫呈现出最为优异的催化活性,显著高于均相臭氧氧化和常规活性炭催化臭氧氧化;自由基捕获实验表明催化过程由羟基自由基(·OH)所主导,超氧自由基(·O₂^-)则发挥了次要作用;富含多孔结构的碳海绵对于活性自由基的生成起到了积极贡献,从而在实际印染废水处理中具有良好的降解性能。研究为开发低成本的三维碳材料用于催化臭氧降解有机污染废水提供了新思路。     

臭氧-过硫酸盐工艺深度处理垃圾焚烧渗沥液

针对垃圾焚烧渗沥液经"厌氧-缺氧-好氧"生物组合工艺处理后的出水COD仍在500 mg·L-1左右,且可生化性差（B/C=0.13）的问题,研究采用"臭氧-过硫酸盐"氧化体系进一步处理,以提高其可生化性。研究了臭氧和过硫酸盐投量对该废水处理的效果影响。结果表明,臭氧浓度和S2O2-8浓度分别为19.8 g·m-3和0.4 g·L-1时,且反应20 min,出水的B/C从0.13提高到0.49,表明该氧化体系适用于深度处理垃圾焚烧渗沥液生物组合工艺处理后的出水。采用紫外-可见光谱、三维荧光光谱、红外光谱和气质联用对处理系统废水中有机物进行表征分析,表明废水在"臭氧-过硫酸盐"氧化过程中芳香族化合物发生了开环、断链等反应,芳构化程度降低,不饱和的CC键被破坏,产生CO和C—O键,并生成一些结构简单的长链烷烃。自由基捕获研究表明,氧化体系中·OH和·SO4- 2种自由基均存在,以臭氧直接氧化为主。