Comparison of different sequential extraction procedures for mercury fractionation in polluted soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Three sequential extraction procedures (SEPs), modified Tessier, modified BCR, and CIEMAT, were compared for mercury fractionation in polluted soils....     

Air pollution inequality and health inequality in China: An empirical study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - China’s residents experience unequal exposure to air pollution in different regions, and the corresponding health consequences have increased...     

The associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fetal growth has been demonstrated to be an important predictor of perinatal and postnatal health. Although the effects of maternal exposure to air...     

三维多孔碳海绵催化臭氧氧化有机染料

针对目前催化臭氧氧化催化剂效率较低、易损失等缺点,通过高温煅烧制备了三聚氰胺碳海绵,以廉价易得的三聚氰胺泡沫直接碳化制备出柔性碳海绵,探讨其在催化臭氧氧化降解印染废水反应中的应用潜力;采用SEM观察、比表面积测定、傅里叶红外光谱和X-射线光电子能谱对碳化前后泡沫进行了表征,探讨了碳化前后泡沫微观结构的变化与催化降解印染废水性能与机理。结果表明：氮气氛围下高温煅烧获得了兼具微孔/介孔结构的三维碳骨架,为催化反应提供充分暴露的活性位点和高效的传质通道;在催化臭氧氧化染料的过程中,973 K下制备的碳泡沫呈现出最为优异的催化活性,显著高于均相臭氧氧化和常规活性炭催化臭氧氧化;自由基捕获实验表明催化过程由羟基自由基(·OH)所主导,超氧自由基(·O₂^-)则发挥了次要作用;富含多孔结构的碳海绵对于活性自由基的生成起到了积极贡献,从而在实际印染废水处理中具有良好的降解性能。研究为开发低成本的三维碳材料用于催化臭氧降解有机污染废水提供了新思路。     

臭氧-过硫酸盐工艺深度处理垃圾焚烧渗沥液

针对垃圾焚烧渗沥液经"厌氧-缺氧-好氧"生物组合工艺处理后的出水COD仍在500 mg·L-1左右,且可生化性差（B/C=0.13）的问题,研究采用"臭氧-过硫酸盐"氧化体系进一步处理,以提高其可生化性。研究了臭氧和过硫酸盐投量对该废水处理的效果影响。结果表明,臭氧浓度和S2O2-8浓度分别为19.8 g·m-3和0.4 g·L-1时,且反应20 min,出水的B/C从0.13提高到0.49,表明该氧化体系适用于深度处理垃圾焚烧渗沥液生物组合工艺处理后的出水。采用紫外-可见光谱、三维荧光光谱、红外光谱和气质联用对处理系统废水中有机物进行表征分析,表明废水在"臭氧-过硫酸盐"氧化过程中芳香族化合物发生了开环、断链等反应,芳构化程度降低,不饱和的CC键被破坏,产生CO和C—O键,并生成一些结构简单的长链烷烃。自由基捕获研究表明,氧化体系中·OH和·SO4- 2种自由基均存在,以臭氧直接氧化为主。     

Gas- and particulate-phase specific tracer and toxic organic compounds in environmental tobacco smoke

Cigarette smoke constituents are worthy of concern and characterized as carcinogens. Different experiment conditions may affect the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) constituents. A study was undertaken in a 75.5-m3 spare office to evaluate ETS constituents in a real environment. Thirty-four volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including three ETS tracers: nicotine, 2,5-dimethylfuran and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP), 19 carbonyl compounds, 54 semi-volatile compounds (24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 30 alkanes) as well as CO and total particulate matter (TPM) from 15 leading commercial brands were determined. ETS constituents did not increase with increasing cigarette tar. ETS tracers nicotine and 3-EP were affected greatly due to more sorption and surface reactions in real world compared to other studies conducted in chamber, which resulted in 2-5 times lower. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, acrolein, 2-butanone and the high molecular weight compounds exhibited little affect. Pearson correlation analyses show that gas-phase and particulate-phase ETS tracers did not show significant correlation, but within each homologue many of compounds correlated significantly. Indole and cholesta-3,5-diene were also detected in ETS. These results may be useful in efforts to better understand the health effect of ETS exposure and source apportionment.     

基于可调二极管激光技术的汽车尾气遥感监测系统

汽车尾气排放已成为最主要的城市污染源之一。汽车尾气的遥感监测系统作为一种高效实时监测汽车正常运行状况下的尾气排放方法已越来越受到人们的广泛关注。本文主要介绍基于可调二极管激光(TDL)技术的汽车尾气遥感监测系统。首先介绍遥感监测系统的产生与发展以及TDL技术的基本原理,其次阐述遥感监测系统的组成、关键技术以及系统的优点,并分析遥感监测系统在国内外的应用现状,最后提出目前应用中尚待解决的若干关键技术问题。     

等浓度配比法研究苯酚、硝基苯和问硝基苯胺对发光菌的联合毒性作用

分别测定了苯酚、硝基苯和间硝基苯胺对发光菌的单一毒性，以及等浓度配比和等毒性配比的二元及三元混合体系的联合毒性，采用相加指数法对其联合效应进行了评价。结果表明，等浓度比和等毒性比混合体系的联合作用结果一致：苯酚＋间硝基苯胺二元体系为协同作用，其他各体系为相加作用。为简化联合毒性实验方法，建议在研究相关系列化合物的联合毒性作用机制中，可采用等浓度配比方法。     

石灰湿法脱硫过程中pH条件对结垢的影响研究

针对石灰湿法脱硫中存在的结垢问题，在鼓泡床中模拟了石灰湿法脱硫过程，通过分析液相的组成，结合反应机理探讨了pH对结垢的影响。结果表明，当pH控制在6.0～4．0时，既能避免结垢，又能获得较高的脱硫率。提出了实际中预测结垢倾向的方法。     

太湖梅梁湾富营养化相关问题探讨

太湖水体富营养化问题已严重威胁着太湖流域社会经济发展,特别是梅梁湾湖区尤为严重。以实测资料为基础,分析了太湖富营养化的环境影响因子,得出以下结论：磷为梅梁湾湖区主要的限制性因子;光照、水温为该区富营养化重要影响因素,但不是主要的限制性因子。CODMa与富营养化关系密切,但需进一步探讨其影响实质。