重症脑挫伤患者气管切开护理

总结了70例重症脑挫伤行气管切开术后,可出现的相关问题,采取相应的护理措施．重点加强人工道气管导管护理,气道湿化、吸痰护理、气管切口护理等,减少气管切开的并发症,降抵重症脑患者死亡率．参6．     

腹腔镜疝手术的临床应用

目的总结应用腹腔镜技术治疗腹股沟疝及切口疝的手术抉择、临床效果及并发症.方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2009年12月期间对腹股沟疝和切口疝行腹腔镜手术71例患者的临床资料,其中腹腔镜小儿腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎43例(51侧),TAPP25例(31侧),腹腔镜切口疝修补术3例.结果无一例中转开放手术.平均手术时间34.5 min,术中出血量5 ml,术后并发症发生率为11%(5/71),其中血清肿2例,阴囊气肿4例,腹股沟区血肿2例,术后平均住院时间2.8 d,术后随访1~12个月均未出现疝复发、慢性神经性疼痛、异物感、补片及切口感染等.结论腹腔镜疝手术安全性良好、复发率低、术后疼痛轻、并发症少及术后住院时间短;对于疝开放手术术后复发、双侧疝、复合疝等是首选术式,并可避免隐匿疝的遗漏.参4.     

胰十二指肠切除术患者的心理干预等个性化护理效果分析

目的:对胰十二指肠切除术抑郁症患者住院期间实施包括心理干预在内的个性化护理并评价其效果.方法:将我院2009年3月至2012年3月收治胰十二指肠切除术患者56例后随机分成对照组和干预组各28例,对照组接受常规护理,干预组住院期间接受心理干预在内的个性化护理.在入院当天、术前天和出院前1天对两组患者进行抑郁自评量表(SDS)并比较两组患者的SDS和分值,统计两组患者住院时间和并发症.结果:干预组患者SDS分值的降低幅度较对照组明显;差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)前者住院时间、并发症要少于后者,且满意率高.结论:心理干预等个性化护理能有效改善患者围手术期的抑郁情绪,减少并发症,有助于早期康复.表2,参10.     

三种手术治疗原发性精索静脉曲张的临床疗效观察

探讨3种手术方法治疗原发性精索静脉曲张(Varicocele,VC)的临床效果.回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年7月收治的单侧VC患者135例的临床资料,按照手术方式不同分为3组,腹膜后高位结扎组45例,腹腔镜组52例,显微镜组38例,就手术时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症、复发情况、手术前后精液质量对比等临床资料进行临床疗效观察.显微镜组比腹膜后组、腹腔镜组手术时间明显延长,3组患者术后住院时间无明显差异,并发症发生率在腹膜后组、腹腔镜组、显微外科组分别为33.3%、25.0%和10.5%.6个月后复查精索彩超及精液常规,显微镜组精液质量改善最为明显,并未见有术后复发.显微镜下精索静脉结扎术为治疗VC的安全有效方法,推荐行显微镜下精索静脉结扎术.表2,参6.     

不同强度冷刺激对大鼠心脏、大脑、睾丸和肺脏中CIRP表达的影响

采用Western blot和实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,研究不同强度不同时间冷刺激后大鼠心脏、大脑、睾丸和肺脏中冷诱导RNA结合蛋白(CIRP)的表达情况.结果表明:常温(20℃±1℃)下大鼠4种组织中均存在一定的CIRP的表达;急性冷刺激组(-10℃±1℃、-4℃±1℃、0℃±1℃、4℃±1℃)心脏、大脑和睾丸中CIRP mRNA表达在冷刺激0～6 h呈上升趋势,6 h时达到最高值,随后呈下降趋势,肺脏中CIRP mRNA表达在0～6 h呈下降趋势,在6 h时达到最低值,随后呈上升趋势;慢性冷应激组(10℃±1℃)大鼠心脏、大脑和睾丸3种组织中CIRP mRNA在不同时间点(1周、2周、3 W周)的表达均高于正常对照组(P>0.05),肺脏CIRP mRNA表达均低于对照组(P>0.05),并且同一组织不同时间点之间差异不显著(P>0.05).可见冷刺激后CIRP的表达存在一定规律并且表现出组织特异性,可能与组织保护特异性有关.     

COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者无创通气的护理体会

探讨COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭神志清楚患者无创通气的护理体会.方法:南华大学附属第一医院呼吸内科2009年1月-2012年2月收治的98例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭应用无创正压通气治疗的清醒患者,随机分为护理干预组(观察组)与对照组各49例,其中观察组给予系统的护理干预;对照组仅采取一般护理措施.比较两组患者治疗后呼吸参数.结果:护理干预组的pH、PaO2、SaO2等参数明显高于对照组,而PaCO2明显低于对照组.表1,参5.     

颅内动脉瘤夹闭术围手术期的护理

目的:探讨颅内动脉瘤夹闭术围手术期的护理要点.方法:对我科2011年1月～2012年5月收治的100例动脉瘤夹闭术患者进行细致的围手术期护理,严密观察病情,术前预防动脉瘤再破裂出血,积极做好术前准备,术后做好引流管、并发症及康复等护理.结果:100例动脉瘤夹闭术患者,80例无任何并发症治愈出院,15例出现一侧肢体偏瘫,经术后康复治疗,随访3～6个月均恢复,5例死亡.结论:精心细致的围手术期护理,可有效提高手术成功率及治愈率,改善患者术后生活质量.     

手辅助腹腔镜结肠癌根治术手术配合分析

目的:探讨手辅助腹腔镜(hand-assisted laparoscopicsurgery,HALS)结肠癌根治术的手术配合方法和经验.方法:将南华大学附属第一医院2012年9月至2013年2月收治的20例应用手辅助腹腔镜实施结肠癌根治手术患者的手术配合要点进行总结分析.结果:20例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹、吻合口瘘、肠梗阻及死亡病例发生.结论:有效的心理护理、充分的术前准备、避免术中不安全因素发生及术中无瘤原则的应用与手辅助腹腔镜结肠癌根治术顺利完成密不可分.     

护理干预对前列腺增生症患者术前焦虑情绪的影响

探讨护理干预对前列腺增生症患者术前焦虑情绪的影响．方法将120例拟行经尿道前列腺电切术的前列腺增生症患者随机分为干预组和对照组,各60例．对照组予以常规护理,干预组在此基础上给予护理干预,采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）测量两组患者入院后（干预前）及手术前（干预后）焦虑值．结果干预组手术前SAS评分较入院后明显降低（P〈0．05）,且明显低于同期对照组（P〈0．05）．结论护理干预在缓解前列腺增生症患者术前焦虑,积极调整心理状态方面优于一般心理护理．表1,参5．     

萱草活性成分黄酮干对糖尿病大鼠抗动脉粥样硬化活性的研究

研究萱草活性成份黄酮干对糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂、血浆脂蛋白脂质过氧化的影响.方法取20只雄性大鼠(Ⅱ型糖尿病模型),随机分为2组:对照组喂普通饲料,实验组喂添加10 g/kg黄酮干的饲料20周,观察血液生化指标的变化.血液生化指标采用试剂盒测定,血浆脂蛋白采用序列超速离心分离法分离.结果喂饲萱草活性成份黄酮干的糖尿病大鼠血糖为(10.3±0.7)mmol/L,动脉粥样硬化指数为0.38±0.12,血浆过氧化脂质水平为(13.7±0.2)mmol/L;丙二醛(MDA)水平为(7.45±1.26)(nmol/mgHb),超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性为(153.47±37.91)(活力单位/m l);未喂饲黄酮干的对照组糖尿病大鼠上述指标分别为(13.5±1.6)mmol/L、0.54±0.24和(20.1±2.8)mmol/L,(13.01±0.74)(nmol/mgHb),和(210.98±40.11)(活力单位/m l),差异有显著性.结论萱草活性成份黄酮干具有明显的降低血糖、改善动脉粥样硬化指数、抑制脂质过氧化的作用.表4,参5.     

香芋高产、优质栽培技术与产品分级及加工

香芋是多年生宿根草本植物,属天南星科(Araceae)一年生栽培,是我省重要的特种蔬菜之一,随着农业结构调整步伐的加快,香芋的种植面积也在不断扩大,为了提高香芋的产量和品质,达到绿色蔬菜的标准,该文提出了香芋高产、优质栽培技术与产品分级及加工.表3,参5.     

Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in food and agriculture

The food and agriculture sector controls the economic growth of a developing country. The food industries have practices of growing crops, raising livestock and sea foods, food processing and packaging, regulating production and distribution with quality and safety. The process control and monitoring quality are crucial steps. Here we review nanosensors and nanobiosensors as alternative of classical quantification methods. Nanoscale dimensions of metal nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal and carbon quantum dots, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nanocomposites expand the sensitivity by signal amplification and integrate several novel transduction principles such as enhanced electrochemical, optical, Raman, enhanced catalytic activity, and superparamagnetic properties into the nanosensors. The electrochemical nanosensors, optical nanosensors, electronic nose and electronic tongue, nanobarcode technology, and wireless nanosensors have revolutionized the sensing in food and agriculture sectors with multiplex and real-time sensing capabilities. Despite previous success stories of the remunerative health sector, the approaches are transferred subsequently to food and agriculture sector; with potential application in detection of food contaminants such as preservatives, antibiotics, heavy metal ions, toxins, microbial load, and pathogens along with the rapid monitoring of temperature, traceability, humidity, gas, and aroma of the food stuff.     

市场经济与土肥科技

土肥的基础地位是不随社会性质或社会经济类型的变化而变化的，它既具重要性，又具长久性．市场经济是仍然需要土肥科技的．土肥科技的教学、科研和推广的力度必须加大，局面必须改观，且宜快不宜迟．土肥科技工作者一定要将培肥地力作为中心工作．根据广东的实际，增施有机肥是培肥地力的主要措施，因而抓秸秆还田和发展冬绿肥是我们工作的重点．     

基因污染与生态环境安全

论述了基因污染可能对生态环境安全造成的影响。转基因作物有可能污染天然物种的基因库；有可能破坏传统农作物品种的遗传多样性，加速作物种植品种的单一化及基因资源的流失；使抗除草剂作物的基因向野生或半野生植物漂移的可能性加大，有可能创造出“超级杂草”；带有病毒型转基因作物的基因重组，有可能创造出新的植物病毒，导致新的病害；BT转基因抗虫作物分泌的毒素，在食物链中传递，很难加以控制，对非目标生物造成危害，并最终破坏自然生态系统的平衡。文章还从不同角度分析了基因污染的严重性。     

Indoor and outdoor air pollution and lung cancer in New Hampshire and Vermont

Indoor and outdoor air pollution is known to contribute to increased lung cancer incidence. This study is the first to address the contribution of home heating fuel and geographical course particulate matter (PM₁₀) concentrations to lung cancer rates in New Hampshire, USA. First, Pearson correlation analysis and geographically weighted regression were used to investigate spatial relationships between outdoor PM₁₀ and lung cancer rates. While the aforementioned analyses did not indicate a significant contribution of PM₁₀ to lung cancer in the state, there was a trend towards a significant association in the northern and southwestern regions of the state. Second, case-control data were used to estimate the contributions of indoor pollution and secondhand smoke to the risk of lung cancer with adjustment for confounders. Increased risk was found among those who used wood or coal to heat their homes for more than 10 winters before the age of 18, with a significant increase in risk per winter. Resulting data suggest that further investigation of the relationship between heating-related air pollution levels and lung cancer risk is needed.     

Characteristics of dispersions and water-soluble extracts of crude and refined oils and their toxicity to estuarine crustaceans and fish

The quantitative hydrocarbon composition and behavior in seawater of water-soluble fractions (WSF) and oil-in-water dispersions (OWD) of 4 oils was investigated. Two crude oils, South Louisiana crude and Kuwait crude, and two refined oils, No. 2 fuel oil and bunker C residual oil, were used in these investigations. The WSFs of the crude oils had higher total oil-hydrocarbon concentrations and were richer in light aliphatics and single-ring aromatics than were the WSFs of the refined oils. The WSFs of the refined oils contained significantly higher concentrations of naphthalenes than did those of the crudes. The hydrocarbon composition of the aqueous phase of OWDs closely resembled that of the parent oils. Gentle aeration of the OWDs resulted in a loss of 80 to 90% of the aqueous hydrocarbons in 24 h. Alkanes disappeared from the dispersions more rapidly than aromatics. The WSFs and OWDs of the refined oils were considerably more toxic to the 6 test species than were those of the crude oils. The test species can be ranked according to increasing sensitivity to oil as follows: Cyprinodon variegatus, Menidia beryllina, Fundulus similus, Penaeus aztecus postlarvae, Palaemonetes pugio and Mysidopsis almyra. The results of this investigation are discussed in relation to the potential impacts of oil spills on the marine and estuarine environments.     

1株贫营养好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性

从水库底泥样品中,以硝酸盐为唯一氮源进行驯化、分离筛选出1株能在贫营养及好氧条件下进行高效反硝化的菌株PY8,经过电镜形态学观察、生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析,并基于16SrDNA序列结果,构建了该菌株的系统发育树,最终确定菌株PY8为根瘤菌Rhizobiumsp.。考察了初始pH值、温度、C/N、初始硝酸钠质量浓度、投菌量对菌株PY8硝酸盐还原活性的影响,以及该菌株的异养硝化性能。结果表明,在pH6.0～10.0,温度25～30℃,C/N1.0～9.0,初始硝酸钠质量浓度0.01～0.50g·L-1,投菌量1%～15%时,菌株PY8培养72h后的硝氮去除率可达到95%以上。另外,该菌株具有同时硝化-反硝化作用,在培养过程中氨氮去除率可达到58%左右。实验结果表明,菌株PY8在微污染水体生物脱氮领域中具有很大的应用潜力。