高分子固体废物基活性炭对有机染料的吸附解吸行为研究

分别以3种高分子固体废物,即轮胎橡胶、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)为原料,利用KOH活化法制备高比表面积活性炭.通过吸附实验研究了活性炭对2种有机染料(亚甲基蓝和甲基橙)的吸附、解吸行为,同时探讨了溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对吸附的影响.结果表明,PVC和PET基活性炭比表面积分别为2 666和2 831 m2.g-1,中孔容积分别为1.06和1.30 cm3.g-1,15 min内对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙的去除率分别高达98.5%和97.0%、99.5%和95.0%,且Langmuir模型拟合的染料最大吸附量均超过2 mmol.g-1,显著高于商业活性炭F400.Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地描述2种染料的吸附行为,说明吸附以表面单层覆盖为主.溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对染料吸附均有较大影响.制备的高分子基活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附强于甲基橙,2种染料均不容易发生解吸.实验结果可为高分子固体废物的资源化利用、制备经济高效的碳质吸附材料提供科学依据.     

Enhanced adsorption of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by chitosan-g-poly （acrylic acid）/vermiculite hydrogel composites

A series of chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/vermiculite hydrogel composites were synthesized and used as adsorbents for the investigation of the e ect of process parameters such as vermiculite content, pH of dye solution, contact time, initial concentration of dye solution, temperature, ionic strength and concentration of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate on the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The results showed that the adsorption capacity for dye increased with increasing pH, contact time and initial dye concentration, but decreased with increasing temperature, ionic strength and sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration in the present of the surfactant. The adsorption kinetics of MB onto the hydrogel composite followed pseudo second-order kinetics and the adsorption equilibrium data obeyed Langmuir isotherm. By introducing 10 wt.% vermiculite into chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid) polymeric network, the obtaining hydrogel composite showed the highest adsorption capacity for MB, and then could be regarded as a potential adsorbent for cationic dye removal in a wastewater treatment process.     

Comparison of activated carbon and iron/cerium modified activated carbon to remove methylene blue from wastewater

The methylene blue(MB)removal abilities of raw activated carbon and iron/cerium modified raw activated carbon(Fe–Ce-AC)by adsorption were researched and compared.The characteristics of Fe–Ce-AC were examined by N_2adsorption,zeta potential measurement,FTIR,Raman,XRD,XPS,SEM and EDS.After modification,the following phenomena occurred:The BET surface area,average pore diameter and total pore volume decreased;the degree of graphitization also decreased.Moreover,the presence of Fe_3O_4led to Fe–Ce-AC having magnetic properties,which makes it easy to separate from dye wastewater in an external magnetic field and subsequently recycle.In addition,the equilibrium isotherms and kinetics of MB adsorption on raw activated carbon and Fe–Ce-AC were systematically examined.The equilibrium adsorption data indicated that the adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir isotherm,and the pseudo-second-order model matched the kinetic data well.Compared with raw activated carbon,the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of Fe–Ce-AC increased by27.31%.According to the experimental results,Fe–Ce-AC can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of MB from dye wastewater.     

改性活性炭对水中PFOS的吸附去除研究

分别用FeCl3及中功率微波对煤质和椰壳2种粉末活性炭进行改性.序批式实验研究了活性炭改性前后对全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的吸附特性.结合活性炭改性前后表面化学官能团和孔结构的变化特征,探讨了不同改性方式对PFOS吸附去除的影响效应以及天然有机物中的主要组成成分腐殖酸对PFOS在原炭及改性炭上的竞争吸附效应.结果表明,Fe3+及中功率微波处理对煤质炭和椰壳炭的孔结构和表面性质都有影响,但变化趋势不同.椰壳活性炭经Fe3+及中功率微波改性后对PFOS的吸附量明显提高,而煤质活性炭经改性后对PFOS的吸附量出现下降.改性椰壳活性炭与原炭吸附PFOS达到吸附平衡的时间基本相同,均为6 h左右.在腐殖酸存在下,改性椰壳炭对PFOS的吸附量因竞争吸附而有所下降,但改性炭的吸附量仍明显高于原炭.     

新型腐植酸类净水剂的研制

优选粘结剂制备的新型风化煤粒状净水剂，对印染废水有良好的处理效果，废水处理略为活性炭处理量的70％，而活性炭的价格略为该净水剂的30倍，文中研究了该净水剂的制造工艺，并进一步探讨了吸附机理。     

不同活性炭活化过硫酸盐的效能及机理的规律研究

选取煤质活性炭(F400D)、木质活性炭(Norit)和椰壳活性炭(Youshi)作为过硫酸盐(PS)活化剂,通过动力学实验研究了不同活性炭对过硫酸盐的活化效能及机理,考察了氯化钠和碳酸钠对活性炭/过硫酸盐体系的影响.结果表明,3种活性炭/过硫酸盐体系均可实现橙黄G的高效去除,效能略有差异,依次为:F400D/PSNorit/PSYoushi/PS.活性炭对染料的去除包括吸附作用和活化过硫酸盐的氧化降解作用,吸附位点与活化位点在活性炭上具有不同的分布.活性炭/过硫酸盐体系对1~100 mmol·L~(-1)氯化钠有很强的耐受作用,适用于高盐废水中有机污染物的去除.1~10 mmol·L~(-1)的碳酸钠对体系有明显的抑制作用.     

Synthesis of malachite@clay nanocomposite for rapid scavenging of cationic and anionic dyes from synthetic wastewater

Synthesis of malachite@clay nanocomposite was successfully carried out for the removal of cationic (Methylene Blue, MB) and anionic dyes (Congo Red, CR) from synthetic wastewater. Nanocomposite was characterized by TEM, SEM, FT-IR, EDS analysis and zeta potential. TEM analysis indicated that the particle diameter of nanocomposite was in the range of 14 to 23 nm. Various important parameters viz. contact time, concentration of dyes, nanocomposite dosage, temperature and solution pH were optimized to achieve maximum adsorption capacity. In the case of MB, removal decreased from 99.82% to 93.67% while for CR, removal decreased from 88.55% to 75.69% on increasing dye concentration from 100 to 450 mg/L. pH study confirmed the higher removal of CR in acidic range while MB removal was higher in alkaline range. Kinetic study revealed the applicability of pseudo-second-order model for the adsorption of both dyes. Negative values of ΔG⁰ for both systems suggested the feasibility of dye removal and support for spontaneous adsorption of CR and MB on nanocomposite. Nanocomposite showed 277.77 and 238.09 mg/g Langmuir adsorption capacity for MB and CR respectively. Desorption of dyes from the dye loaded nanocomposite was easily carried out with acetone. The results indicate that the prepared malachite@clay nanocomposite is an efficient adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for the aforementioned dyes.     

原位载铁中孔活性炭吸附As和天然有机物效能

采用配煤、原位浸渍和两步活化法制备了4种原位载铁活性炭（FGL1/2/3/4）,并以空白炭C-GL为基础的表面铁浸渍后改性炭（Fe-GL-2/3/4）为对照,研究了原位载铁炭对水中As和腐植酸（HA）的同步吸附效能.结果表明,炭化料原位载铁促进了比表面积（S_BET）和中孔结构的发育.其中,原位载铁炭FCL4（载铁量6.51%）在45Å~480Å的范围内的中孔容积（V_mes）比C-GL增加了0.1146cm³/g;而后改性载铁则造成S_BET和V_mes的显著降低.原位载铁同时促进了表面碱度的增加,保证了中性条件下更好的As离子吸附能力;FCL4对As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的Langmuir最大吸附量（L-Q_max）分别达到2.566和2.825mg/g.原位载铁炭进一步发育的中孔结构促进了对HA（<10mg DOC/L）的吸附效能,FGL4对HA的Langmuir最大吸附量（Q_HA）达到46.25mg DOC/g.As-HA共存体系内FGL4对各组分的吸附容量有所降低,但As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的吸附容量仍达到2.325和2.675mg/g.     

改性活性炭对水溶液中苯酚的吸附研究

研究了活性炭在酸（HNO3,H2SO4,HCI）和碱（NaOH,氨水）处理后对苯酚吸附性能的影响,测定了活性炭的亚甲基蓝值、碘值扣表面官能团等基本物理化学参数。研究发现：碱改性使活性炭上酸性官能团数量减少。碱性官能团增加,增强了活性炭对苯酚类疏水性物质的吸附客量。NaOH、氨水改性活性炭对苯酚的吸附值比未改性活性炭分别提高了56,70％和47．40％。     

Adsorptive removal of hydrophobic organic compounds by carbonaceous adsorbents: A comparative study of waste-polymer-based, coal-based activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,3-dichlorobenzene (DCB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on five different carbonaceous materials was compared. The adsorbents included three polymer-based activated carbons, one coal-based activated carbon (F400) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The polymerbased activated carbons were prepared using KOH activation from waste polymers: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and tire rubber (TR). Compared with F400 and MWNT, activated carbons derived from PVC and PET exhibited fast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption capacity toward the HOCs, attributed to their extremely large hydrophobic surface area (2700 m²/g) and highly mesoporous structures. Adsorption of small-sized TCE was stronger on the tire-rubber-based carbon and F400 resulting from the pore-filling effect. In contrast, due to the molecular sieving effect, their adsorption on HCH was lower. MWNT exhibited the lowest adsorption capacity toward HOCs because of its low surface area and characteristic of aggregating in aqueous solution.     

Efficient capture of aqueous humic acid using a functionalized stereoscopic porous activated carbon based on poly(acrylic acid)/food-waste hydrogel

Stereoscopic porous carbons have shown good potential in humic acid (HA) removal. In this work, a novel stereoscopic porous activated carbon (SPAC) was designed and synthesized via the self-assembly of a hydrogel based on food waste during in-situ polymerization, vacuum drying, carbonization, and activation. Then, the SPAC was functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and the adsorption behavior of the modified SPAC (SPAC-NH₂) was studied systematically. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration of HA, and adsorbent dose were investigated, showing that optimal HA removal efficiency (> 98.0%) could be achieved at an initial HA concentration of 100?mg/L. The experimental adsorption isotherm data was fitted to the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 156.0?mg?HA/g SPAC-NH₂. Analysis of the mechanism indicated that the removal of HA was mainly realized through the amidization reaction between the COOH groups of HA and the NH₂ groups of APTES. All of the above results showed that SPAC-NH₂ powder is an efficient, eco-friendly, and reusable adsorbent which is suitable for the removal of HA from wastewater.     

改性秸秆材料对高盐废水中染料和重金属的吸附性能研究

高盐印染废水是一种难处理的工业废水,其盐度高、色度高,含有染料、重金属等多种污染物.本文针对高盐印染废水中污染物的特点,设计了一种制备过程简单、成本经济的柠檬酸/丙烯酰胺改性秸秆材料(WA-CA-AM),并通过SEM、FI-IR和DTG等表征手段分别观测材料形貌、测定表面官能团和热稳定性.同时在不同盐度下,考察了单元/多元污染物体系中WS-CA-AM对4种污染物亚甲基蓝(MB)、甲基橙(MO)、铜离子(Cu~(2+))和铬离子(Cr~(6+))的吸附效果.结果表明:在单元污染物体系中,WS-CA-AM对污染物的吸附量随盐度的升高而降低;在多元污染物体系中同时存在竞争吸附和协同吸附;通过二元体系得出4种污染物的吸附受盐度影响大小顺序为MOCu~(2+)Cr~(6+)MB.在高盐度下,四元混合体系中MB和Cu~(2+)的吸附量均比染料/重金属二元混合体系的要大,Cr~(6+)的吸附量虽受到一些抑制但依然可观,表明改性秸秆材料在高盐印染废水的处理中具有巨大的应用潜力.     

Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty-fruit bunches： Application to environmental problems

Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches （EFB） were investigated to find the suitability of its application for removal of phenol in aqueous solution through adsorption process, Two types of activation namely; thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800℃and physical activation at 150℃ （boiling treatment） were used for the production of the activated carbons. A control （untreated EFB） was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced from these processes. The results indicated that the activated carbon derived at the temperature of 800℃ showed maximum absorption capacity in the aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon at 800℃. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values of pH （2-3） and higher value of initial concentration of phenol （200-300 mg/L）. The equilibrium data fitted better with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm compared to the Langmuir. Kinetic studies of phenol adsorption onto activated carbons were also studied to evaluate the adsorption rate. The estimated cost for production of activated carbon from EFB was shown in lower price （USD 0.50/kg of activated carbon） compared the activated carbon from other sources and processes.     

Removal of phenol by activated carbons prepared from palm oil mill effluent sludge

The study was attempted to produce activated carbons from palm oil mill effluent （POME） sludge. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced was evaluated in aqueous solution of phenol. Two types of activation were followed, namely, thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800%, and physical activation at 150% （boiling treatment）. A control （raw POME sludge） was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced. The results indicated that the activation temperature of 800℃ showed maximum absorption capacity by the activated carbon （POME 800） in aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon of POME 800. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values ofpH （2--3） and higher value of initial concentration of phenol （200--300 mg/L）, The equilibrium data were fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon POME 800 was studied in terms of pseudo-first and second order kinetics to predict the rate constant and equilibrium capacity with the effect of initial phenol concentrations. The rate of adsorption was found to be better correlation for the pseudo-second order kinetics compared to the first order kinetics.     

水热炭化对吸附处理染料废水产生的废活性炭的再生效果

为实现废粉末活性炭的循环利用,采用水热炭化对吸附处理染料废水产生的废粉末活性炭进行再生,考察了水热炭化再生温度、再生时间、初始pH和再生次数等因素对废粉末活性炭再生效果的影响.结果表明:将320℃的水热条件下反应8 h得到的再生粉末活性炭用于吸附处理染料废水,色度去除率在95%左右,废粉末活性炭再生率可超过60%,且酸性条件下更有利于活性炭再生.经过5次吸附再生循环,废粉末活性炭再生率为55.54%,再生率仅下降6.06%.红外光谱分析结果表明,新粉末活性炭、废粉末活性炭和再生粉末活性炭的官能团种类基本一致;表面官能团Boehm滴定测定结果显示,再生粉末活性炭表面碱性基团含量降低、酸性基团含量增加.由于升温改变了废粉末活性炭的吸附平衡,有机物从其表面脱附,部分有机物在再生液中降解;此外,废粉末活性炭表面不易挥发和脱附的有机物在高温高压下炭化所得的产物能进一步吸附有机物,因此导致了废粉末活性炭的再生.研究显示,水热炭化对废粉末活性炭有较好的再生效果,具有实际应用价值.      

活性炭物化性质对吸附天然水体中有机污染物的影响

研究了天然水体条件下2种合成有机污染物(SOC)甲基对硫磷(MP)和三氯乙烯(TCE)以及天然有机物(NOM)在5种粉末活性炭(PAC)上的吸附特性.在对活性炭的物化特性进行全面表征的基础上,利用相关分析方法揭示了PAC的物理和化学性质对天然水体中SOC类小分子有机污染物吸附的影响;并利用高效体积排阻色谱法(HPSEC...     

活性炭对天然水体中甲基对硫磷和三氯乙烯的吸附特性研究

采用序批式试验研究了3种粉末活性炭(PAC)对天然水体中甲基对硫磷(MP)和三氯乙烯(TCE)的吸附平衡特性,利用均相表面扩散模型(HSDM)对不同投炭量下的吸附动力学进行拟合与预测,并探讨了天然有机物(NOM)对MP、TCE在PAC上的竞争吸附效应.研究结果表明,天然水体条件下,3种PAC对MP和TCE的吸附符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型;MP比TCE更易于被PAC吸附;3种PAC对MP、TCE的吸附能力由大到小依次为YK炭、SL炭和JC炭;HSDM模型可以很好地对吸附动力学进行拟合,并能够有效地预测不同投炭量时的吸附动力学;天然水体中的NOM会与MP和TCE在PAC上发生竞争吸附,NOM对MP的竞争吸附作用相对TCE更为显著.     

功能性磁性纳米复合材料的制备及应用

采用水热法制备了Fe3O4磁性纳米微球,进而用腐殖酸(HA)修饰,成功制备了功能性磁性纳米复合材料(Fe3O4-HA)。并通过紫外可见分光光度计对含有有机染料亚甲基蓝(MB)废水中Fe3O4-HA磁性纳米复合材料的吸附行为进行研究。Fe3O4-HA磁性纳米复合材料的结构和性能用透射电子显微镜、光学接触角测量仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计等手段进行表征。结果表明:Fe3O4-HA磁性纳米复合材料结构均匀,平均粒径约为300 nm,饱和磁化强度为75.3 emu/g。Fe3O4-HA磁性纳米复合材料具有良好的超顺磁性,较高的吸附效率和可重复使用性。     

污泥液化生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性及机理

探讨污泥在乙醇-水混合溶剂中液化产生的生物炭的吸附潜力及其吸附机理（以亚甲基蓝（MB）废水为处理对象）,结果表明：生物炭的吸附容量随着MB溶液起始pH值升高而升高,当pH超过8时,MB的碱性褪色开始显现.吸附温度的上升（30~60℃）对生物炭吸附容量的影响不明显.吸附容量总体上随着吸附时间的增加而上升（240min前）,在240min后趋于稳定.吸附剂用量及初始MB浓度过高或过低都不利于生物炭的吸附,存在一个的临界点,分别是6mg和120mg/L.生物炭吸附MB的过程吻合准二级动力学方程（R²=0.9994）和Langmuir方程（R²=0.9831）,且为自发吸热的过程,受物理吸附和化学吸附联合控制,具体的机理包括：离子交换、官能团络合、π-π吸附等.     

污泥活性炭的制备及其对染料废水脱色性能的研究

以城市污水厂的剩余污泥为原料,采用化学活化法制备污泥活性炭,对比研究该吸附剂对酸性大红GR和活性红紫X-2R两种不同性质染料的吸附性能,并探讨了其对酸性大红GR的吸附规律.研究结果表明:用污泥活性炭作吸附剂处理浓度均为100 mg/L的上述两种染料废水,在pH值为6、投加污泥活性炭分别为5 g/L和6g/L时,脱色率可达99.89%和94.81%;污泥活性炭对酸性大红GR的吸附规律可用Langmuir方程描述.