2株油烟降解优势菌株的筛选及性能研究

通过以油烟冷凝液为惟一碳源的选择培养基初筛，从长期受到油烟严重污染的土壤中筛选出具有降解油烟污染物能力的优势菌株XJ01、XJ03。研究了其最佳生长条件及降解性能，并对其进行了生理生化特征及分子生物学鉴定。研究表明，XJ01、XJ03最佳生长温度分别为35℃、30℃，最佳生长pH均为7，摇床转速均为120r／min，最佳降解时间分别为48h和36h；在最佳降解条件下，xJ01、XJ03总降解量分别达4．47113g／L和4．18ing／L，降解过程中，降解液pH值持续下降，生物量先增加后下降。经分子生物学鉴定，菌株XJ01、XJ03分别与铜绿假单胞菌群（Pseudomonasaeruginosagroup）和克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiellasp．）同源性最高均达到100％。     

旋流式饮食业厨房油烟净化器的实验研究

研究了一种湿法油烟净化器 ,该净化器对饮食业油烟气中的油雾和异味均有良好的净化效果 ,着重探讨了两种净化效率与风速、压力降、润湿剂的关系 ,得出最佳操作条件。     

饮食业油烟净化技术与应用

近年来，饮食业油烟污染已成为城市大气污染的主要来源之一。比较分析了目前国内使用的几类油烟净化设备的性能及应用现状，提出不同规模的饮食业单位应选择的油烟净化技术。通过比较发现，静电油烟净化技术和静电复合式油烟净化技术是目前国内油烟净化技术的主流，并提出等离子体技术、催化燃烧技术是今后油烟净化的发展趋势。     

饮食业油烟净化技术与应用

近年来,饮食业油烟污染已成为城市大气污染的主要来源之一.比较分析了目前国内使用的几类油烟净化设备的性能及应用现状,提出不同规模的饮食业单位应选择的油烟净化技术.通过比较发现,静电油烟净化技术和静电复合式油烟净化技术是目前国内油烟净化技术的主流,并提出等离子体技术、催化燃烧技术是今后油烟净化的发展趋势.     

饮食业复合油烟吸收剂的研制开发

分析了饮食油烟的成分 ,结合饮食油烟气的治理方法 ,采用正交设计法进行新型复合油烟吸收剂的实验 ,快速、有效、准确地优化确定了油烟吸收剂的配方和工艺 ,并设计了该吸收剂的油污相溶性、环境毒性、生物降解性实验 ,科学地论证了该产品的性能。结果表明 ,本实验研制的油烟吸收剂能够全面包络、粘合、皂化、附着和分离油烟废气中的油类物质 ,对饮食油烟具有快速、高效、彻底的治理效果 ,而且无毒、易降解。     

硅微粉的提纯实验研究

采用选择性絮凝法对硅微粉进行提纯处理,分别探索了分散剂、絮凝剂种类及用量、pH值和沉降时间等因素对提纯效果的影响,实验结果表明,当聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、油酸钠的投加量分别80 g/t和1 824 g/t硅微粉,体系pH5.3,沉降时间50 min时,硅微粉中二氧化硅的含量从74%提高到了90.9%,提纯效果显著。     

Airborne PCB as a contamination risk on freeze-drying of sediment

In a study of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in freeze-dried sediments from Swedish lakes, the samples were found to contain unexpectedly high concentrations of PCBs. In one of the lakes (Bj?rken), e.g. the concentration of PCB-28 was found to be 189 ng/g dw after freeze-drying compared to 7 ng/g dw after air-drying of the sediment and therefore our hypothesis was that the contamination had occurred during the freeze-drying procedure. Hence, a dry reference sediment (RS) was used in order to identify potential sources of PCB contamination. The investigation included freeze-drying of the dry RS in five different laboratories, exposure to the air in the freeze-drying room, storage at room temperature and air-drying in a certain fume hood and in a laminar flow clean bench. The pattern and concentrations of PCBs detected in the exposed RS were strongly influenced by low chlorinated PCB congeners under all of these conditions with exception for air-drying in the fume hood. Storage in the laboratory air resulted in a slight elevation in the concentrations of low chlorinated PCB congeners, whereas higher concentrations of all PCB congeners were observed after freeze-drying. In all experiments the contamination appeared to be due to adsorption of PCB from the laboratory air. On the basis of these findings we recommend that reference material be subjected to the entire procedure, including sample preparation, in order to monitor contamination and that a procedure involving solvent extraction of wet sediment samples is used, whenever possible, instead of procedures involving dry samples.     

吸附法处理预焙阳极沥青烟研究现状与进展

预焙阳极生产过程中产生的沥青烟气严重污染环境并危害人类健康。目前,沥青烟的治理方法主要有四种,即吸收法、燃烧法、静电捕集法及吸附法。前三种方法处理费用高、应用范围窄,并有二次污染等问题。吸附法工艺简单、净化效率高、无二次污染,是一种很有发展前途的方法。在综合评述吸附法治理沥青烟研究及应用现状的基础上,提出了吸附法治理沥青烟今后的研究工作重点：（1）易吸附／脱附沥青烟的高效滤料开发;（2）吸附及再生装置与工艺的开发改进。     

Online biochemical oxygen demand monitoring for wastewater process control--full-scale studies at Los Angeles Glendale wastewater plant, California.

The main objective of this investigation is to determine whether or not it would be feasible to use the measured values of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of wastewater obtained by an online instrument at the Los Angeles/Glendale Water Reclamation Plant (California) for controlling its activated sludge process. This investigation is part of a project to develop online BOD monitoring for process control in the City of Los Angeles wastewater treatment plants. Tests studied the Siepmann und Teutscher GmbH (ISCO-STIP Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska) BIOX-1010, which uses a bioreactor containing a culture of microbes from the wastewater to measure soluble BOD in 2 minutes. This rapid approximation to the operation of secondary treatment allows anticipation of system response. Calibration measurements allow the operators to find a conversion factor for the instrument's microprocessor to compute values of BOD that agree well with the standard 5-day BOD (BOD5) measurement, despite the differences in the details of the two testing methods. This instrument has recently been used at other wastewater treatment plants, at a number of airports in Europe and the United States to monitor runway runoff, and is also being used on waste streams at an increasing number of food processing plants. A comparison was made between the plant influent BOD values obtained by the BIOX-1010 online monitor from the end of August, 2000, to late January, 2001, and the individual and average values obtained for the same period using the standard BOD5, 20 degrees C test, to determine the effectiveness of the Biox-1010 to identify shock loads and their duration. Individual BOD estimates and averages over periods of overly high biological loads (shock loads) were compared, and the instrument readings were evaluated for their effectiveness in detecting shock loads. The results were highly satisfactory, so the instrument was used to trigger a shock-load warning alarm since late September, 2000. This allowed flow diversion and temporary storage to prevent process upsets.     

Removal of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide by carbons impregnated with triethylenediamine

Activated carbon (AC) adsorption has long been considered to be a readily available technology for providing protection against exposure to acutely toxic gases. However, ACs without chemical impregnation have proven to be much less efficient than impregnated ACs in terms of gas removal. The impregnated ACs in current use are usually modified with metalloid impregnation agents (ASC-carbons; copper, chromium, or silver) to simultaneously enhance the chemical and physical properties of the ACs in removing specific poisonous gases. These metalloid agents, however, can cause acute poisoning to both humans and the environment, thereby necessitating the search for organic impregnation agents that present a much lower risk. The aim of the study reported here was to assess AC or ASC-carbon impregnated with triethylenediamine (TEDA) in terms of its adsorption capability for simulated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) gases. The investigation was undergone in a properly designed laboratory-scale and industrial fume hood evaluation. Using the system reported here, we obtained a significant adsorption: the removal capability for H2S and SO2 was 375 and 229 mg/g-C, respectively. BET measurements, element analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry identified the removal mechanism for TEDA-impregnated AC to be both chemical and physical adsorption. Chemical adsorption and oxidation were the primary means by which TEDA-impregnated ASC-carbons removed the simulated gases.     

A Comparison Study of Various Types of Ozone and Oxidant Detectors Which Are Used for Atmospheric Air Sampling

Four continuous automatic analyzers for measurement of atmospheric levels of ozone were used in a calibration and field study. These were (1) a colorimetric instrument based upon detection of iodine released from neutral potassium iodide reagent, {2) a coulometric instrument utilizing the polarization current as a measurement of iodine released by ozone in a cell contacted by potassium iodide reagent, (8) a galvanic cell measuring bromine release by ozone, and (4) an ultraviolet photometer. Some ozone determinations by the manual rubber cracking procedure were included. After calibration with ozone the average relative response to atmospheric ozone levels for each instrument was determined using the colorimetric oxidant analyzer as an arbitrary standard. These responses ranged from 77 percent for the galvanic cell 90 percent for the photometer. The instrument of choice for any given application would seem to be governed by requirements for precision specificity, portability, reliability, and ease of operation.     

实用高效的油烟净化技术及设备

随着餐饮业的快速发展 ,油烟的污染日益严重。探讨分析了目前油烟污染的净化处理现状 ,论述了新型高效的油烟净化技术机理 ,从而开发研制出经济实用的油烟净化设备 ,为我国控制油烟污染开辟了新途径     

新型液体洗涤法处理饮食业油烟装置的试验研究

主要对液体洗涤法处理油烟工艺进行了研究,利用其处理原理自行设计了一套处理油烟装置,并通过实验进行了参数的选择和优化,得出采用1‰的NaOH 1‰的洗涤剂(质量浓度)的混合液为淋洗液,填料高度5～6 cm,则去除率能达到80%以上,且实验证实其处理效果达到了国家规定的最低净化率.     

新型液体洗涤法处理次食业油烟装置的试验研究

主要对液体洗涤法处理油烟工艺进行了研究，利用其处理原理白行设计了一套处理油烟装置，并通过实验进行了参数的选择和优化，得出采用1‰的NaOH＋1‰的洗涤剂（质量浓度）的混合液为淋洗液，填料高度5～6cm，则去除率能达到80％以上，且实验证实其处理效果达到了国家规定的最低净化率。     

Filtration of Airborne Particulates by Gravel Filters: I. Initial Collection Efficiency of a Gravel Layer

An equation derived for initial collection of efficiency E₀ of a gravel bed filter predicts that — ln(1 — E₀) is proportional to the thickness of the gravel layer, to the — 5/3 power of the diameter of uniform gravels, and to the — 2/3 power of the Darcy airflow velocity. The experimental data obtained from NH₄CI fume removal from dry air at room temperature by sieved gravel fractions generally supported the equation, except that the effect of mean gravel size was represented by the —1.43 power of the average diameter.     

Index

Abstract

Activated carbon (AC) adsorption has long been considered to be a readily available technology for providing protection against exposure to acutely toxic gases. However, ACs without chemical impregnation have proven to be much less efficient than impregnated ACs in terms of gas removal. The impregnated ACs in current use are usually modified with metalloid impregnation agents (ASC-carbons; copper, chromium, or silver) to simultaneously enhance the chemical and physical properties of the ACs in removing specific poisonous gases. These metalloid agents, however, can cause acute poisoning to both humans and the environment, thereby necessitating the search for organic impregnation agents that present a much lower risk. The aim of the study reported here was to assess AC or ASC-carbon impregnated with triethylenediamine (TEDA) in terms of its adsorption capability for simulated hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) gases. The investigation was undergone in a properly designed laboratory-scale and industrial fume hood evaluation. Using the system reported here, we obtained a significant adsorption: the removal capability for H₂S and SO₂ was 375 and 229 mg/g-C, respectively. BET measurements, element analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry identified the removal mechanism for TEDA-impregnated AC to be both chemical and physical adsorption. Chemical adsorption and oxidation were the primary means by which TEDA-im pregnated ASC-carbons removed the simulated gases.     

饮食业油烟污染与处理技术研究

分析了油烟中的主要污染物成分，介绍了油烟对人体健康的几种危害，并对现有的五种处理技术：惯性分离、过滤分离、洗涤去除、静电沉积、复合技术进行了详尽的分析比较，列举了一些应用实例。     

Adsorptive conversion of nitrogen dioxide from etching vent gases over activated carbon

Some metal etching operations emit limited flow rates of waste gases with reddish-brown NO₂ fume, which may cause visual and acidic-odor complaints, as well as negative health effects. In this study, tests were performed by passing caustic-treated waste gases vented from Al-etching operations through columns packed either with virgin or regenerated granular activated carbon (GAC) to test their adsorptive conversion performance of NO₂ in the gases. The gases contained 5–55 ppm NO₂ and acetic and nitric acids of below 3 ppm. Exhausted carbon was regenerated by scrubbing it with caustic solution and water, and dried for further adsorption tests. Results indicate that with an (empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 0.15 sec for the gas through the GAC-packed space, around 60% of the influent NO₂ of 54 ppm could be removed, and 47% of the removed NO₂ was converted by and desorbed from the carbon as NO. GAC used in the present study could be regenerated at least twice to restore its capacity for NO₂ adsorption. Within EBRTs of 0.076–0.18 sec, the adsorptive conversion capacity was linearly varied with EBRT. In practice, with an EBRT of 0.20 sec, a conversion capacity of 0.80 kg NO₂ (kg GAC)^?1 with an influent NO₂ of 40 ppm can be used as a basis for system design.

Implications: Some metal etching operations emit waste gases with reddish-brown (yellow when diluted) NO₂ fume which may cause visual and acidic-odor complaints, as well as negative health effects. This study provides a simple process for the adsorptive conversion of NO₂ in caustic-treated waste gases vented from metal-etching operations through a GAC column. With an EBRT of 0.20 sec, a conversion capacity of 0.80 kg NO₂ (kg GAC)^?1 with an influent NO₂ of 40 ppm can be used as a basis for system design. Saturated GAC can be regenerated at least twice by simply scrubbing it with aqueous caustic solution.     

Evaluation of a diode laser based photoacoustic instrument combined with preconcentration sampling for measuring surface–atmosphere exchange of ammonia with the aerodynamic gradient method

We present here a novel instrument for measuring surface–atmosphere exchange fluxes of ammonia. The instrument is the upgraded version of a recently developed near-infrared diode laser based photoacoustic ammonia concentration monitoring instrument, i.e. the original instrument is supplemented with two additional sampling lines, an appropriate gas handling system and an advanced software controlling gradient measurements. As a result of these developments, ammonia concentration can be measured simultaneously at three different heights above the ground and ammonia fluxes can be calculated from these data using the aerodynamic gradient method. The instrument operates fully automatically, requires minimal maintenance and has a temperature controlled, waterproof housing which makes it suitable for measurements even under harsh field conditions. Preliminary tests on stability and accuracy were carried out during two two-week field measurement campaigns, with the three sampling inlets being placed at the same height together with the inlet of a reference instrument. The readings of the three channels agreed well (with correlation coefficients above 0.96). Comparison to reference instruments showed good stability of the photoacoustic instrument, there was no measurable zero-drift or change in sensitivity during the tests. Flux measurements were carried out during a three-week field campaign in southern Scotland over fertilized grassland with reference to a wet-chemical AMANDA instrument in gradient configuration. Ammonia fluxes calculated from the data of the two instruments agreed well. Fluxes up to 2500 ng m^?2 s^?1 were observed after fertilization. The minimum detectable ammonia flux was calculated on the basis of “virtual ammonia fluxes”, from measurements carried out with all inlets at the same height and was found to be ±60 ng m^?2 s^?1 which ensures reliable measurements above intensively managed grasslands or agricultural fields.     

饮食业油烟净化技术综合评价

本文首先通过专家调查的方法建立了饮食业油烟净化技术综合评价指标体系,并确定相应的权数,然后采用模糊决策分析方法对现有净化技术进行了分析评价。结果表明,复合式和静电式技术是现有各种技术中最好的。