电解法处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液的研究

本文采用电解氧化法对垃圾渗滤液进行了预处理和深度处理研究.实验结果表明:电解氧化过程中,NH3-N优先于COD被氧化去除.当电流密度较小时,用电解法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,垃圾渗滤液中COD、NH3-N的去除效率很低,增大电流密度有助于增强电解效果,当电流密度为50.0mA/cm2时,电解5小时COD去除50%,氨氮去除100%.用电解法对垃圾渗滤液进行深度处理,电流密度较小时,渗滤液中COD、NH3-N即可呈现稳定降解的趋势.     

高级氧化技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分非常复杂的高浓度有机废水.本文介绍了高级氧化技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用现状.主要包括Fenton氧化法、光化学催化氧化法、湿式氧化法、臭氧氧化法、超声氧化法、电化学氧化法、超临界水氧化法及等离子体技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用,分析了高级氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液的原理,探讨了它们的优缺点,并对高级氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液应用的未来发展进行了展望.     

三维电极催化氧化技术深度处理垃圾渗滤液

以“A/O-MBR”工艺生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,采用三维电极催化氧化技术深度处理垃圾渗滤液。实验研究了反应时间、电流密度、曝气量、反应初始pH对渗滤液深度处理效果的影响。研究结果表明,三维电极催化氧化技术深度处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳工艺参数为：反应时间60 min,电流密度15 mA/cm2,曝气量500 m L/min,初始pH=5.0。在最佳工艺参数下连续进行渗滤液废水深度处理,实验系统在进水COD均值935 mg/L的情况下,处理出水COD均值201 mg/L,系统运行稳定性较好,COD平均去除率达到78.50%。     

催化湿法氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的经济性初步分析

根据催化湿法氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的小试工艺条件以及实验参数，初步估算了该工艺的投资费用和运行费用，并与其它处理工艺进行了比较，结果显示，催化湿法氧化工艺处理垃圾渗滤液具有良好的应用价值。     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液臭气生物处理技术研究

对新鲜渗滤液和经浓缩后渗滤液的臭气进行生物技术处理实验研究。实验结果表明,所采用的菌剂对两种渗滤液的臭气均有十分明显的去除效果。经生物技术处理后的两种渗滤液的各种污染物指标均有明显降低,其中大肠菌群去除率均达到了100%,氨氮的去除率分别为69.1%和58.2%,COD的去除率分别为84.8%和57.4%,总磷的去除率分别为97.7%和66.5%。该方法实现了从源头上防止渗滤液臭气产生的目标。     

化学氧化与化学沉淀法去除难降解有机污染物的研究

本文在高锰酸钾药剂用于处理微污染物的基础上，研究了难降解有机污染物的可行性。结果表明高锰酸钾药剂对垃圾渗滤液具有很好的沉降效果。本文研究了混凝剂类型、用量、沉降时间、pH等对沉降效果的影响，结果表明高锰酸钾药剂在垃圾渗滤液的深度处理中具有很好的应用前景。     

高级氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液的研究进展

本文介绍了包括化学氧化法、电化学氧化法、光催化氧化法、超声氧化法、辐照氧化法和催化湿式氧化法等在内的高级氧化技术的机理和运用于垃圾渗滤液处理的研究进展,并提出高级氧化技术与生物处理联合运用和各种高级氧化工艺之间的优化组合将是实现高级氧化技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中工程化运用的发展方向.     

垃圾渗滤液的臭氧处理

由于垃圾渗滤液具有复杂的水质特征,所以垃圾渗滤液的臭氧处理是十分必要的。本文介绍了基于臭氧的垃圾渗滤液处理技术的研究和应用现状,以及臭氧处理单元的发展和先进的臭氧化反应系统。总结了垃圾渗滤液臭氧处理的优缺点,预测了这一技术的发展趋势。     

混凝沉降-微电解-催化氧化法处理钻井废水

采用混凝沉降-微电解-催化氧化法对钻井废水进行处理,筛选出最佳的工艺条件。实验结果表明,该法可使原水的CODCr从5846 mg/L降至150 mg/L以下,色度去除率达到100%,出水达到排放标准。混凝沉降-微电解-催化氧化法对于处理高CODCr、高色度钻井废水是行之有效的,具有广阔的应用前景。     

氧化法预处理垃圾渗滤液技术研究及应用

由于垃圾渗滤液含有多种有毒有害的难降解的有机物,影响了生物处理效果。采用Fenton氧化法、湿式催化氧化法和电解氧化法预处理,可减少渗滤液的污染负荷,提高可生化性,在实际应用中取得良好的效果。     

渗滤液回灌在实际应用中应注意的问题

本文介绍了垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌的机理、优缺点,“干填埋”与“湿填埋”之间的区别。渗滤液回灌可增加填埋废物的含水率,加快垃圾的降解速率,减少渗滤液的处理时间,提高填埋气中甲烷的含量,加速填埋场稳定化进程。鉴于以上这些优点,渗滤液回灌作为一种渗滤液处理方式将会有极大的应用前景。但在实际应用中回灌的渗滤液容易泄漏而导致地下水污染,这是影响渗滤液回灌广泛应用的主要原因。为了避免使地下水受污染,本文总结和分析了渗滤液回灌在实际应用中应注意的问题。     

生物反应器填埋场渗滤液及其处理对策

根据垃圾的降解和稳定机理分析了生物反应器填埋场渗滤液的动态变化规律，并对其处理对策进行了探讨。生物反应器填埋场前期产生的渗滤液可全部回灌，后期再根据实际情况排放处理部分过量的渗滤液。在对渗滤液水量和水质全面直观认识后，再对生物反应器填埋场渗滤液处理工艺进行针对性的选择和设计，并宜采用物化法处理方式。     

Comparative risk analysis for metropolitan solid waste management systems

Conventional solid waste management planning usually focuses on economic optimization, in which the related environmental impacts or risks are rarely considered. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the methodology of how optimization concepts and techniques can be applied to structure and solve risk management problems such that the impacts of air pollution, leachate, traffic congestion, and noise increments can be regulated in the long-term planning of metropolitan solid waste management systems. Management alternatives are sequentially evaluated by adding several environmental risk control constraints stepwise in an attempt to improve the management strategies and reduce the risk impacts in the long run. Statistics associated with those risk control mechanisms are presented as well. Siting, routing, and financial decision making in such solid waste management systems can also be achieved with respect to various resource limitations and disposal requirements.     

GC-MS法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的有机污染物

采用GC-MS联用技术对深圳市两个垃圾填埋场（A和B）渗滤液中的有机污染物进行分析。垃圾场A是简易生活垃圾填埋场，垃圾场B是生活垃圾焚烧底渣填埋场。垃圾场A渗滤液中COD、TOC、NH3-N、NO3^--N等污染指标的浓度比垃圾场B渗滤液高一个数量级。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中分别检测出主要有机物72种和57种，其中含有大量难降解有机物，如酚类、胺类、杂环类物质。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中有机物组分的相对含量不同，渗滤液A中酚类物质含量最高，渗滤液B中有机物多为长链烷烃。     

IMPROVEMENT OF LEACHATE PREDICTION THROUGH MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LAYERS1

ABSTRACT: Existing leachate prediction models over- or underestimate leachate generation by up to three orders of magnitude. Practical experiments show that channeled flow in waste leads to rapid discharge of large leachate volumes and heterogeneous moisture distributions. In order to more accurately predict leachate generation, leachate models must be improved. To predict moisture movement through waste, the one-domain water balance model HELP, and two-domain PREFLO, are tested. Experimental waste and leachate flow values are compared with model predictions. When calibrated with experimental parameters, the HELP model yields reasonable predictions of cumulative leachate flow and PREFLO provides estimates of breakthrough time. In the short term, field capacity has to be reduced to 0.12 and effective storage and hydraulic conductivity of the waste must be increased to 0.2 and 2.2 cm/s respectively. In the long term, a new modeling approach must be developed to adequately describe the moisture movement mechanisms.     

生活垃圾填埋场建设项目环保验收调查方法研究简

垃圾填埋场建设项目的主要环境问题包括：渗沥液排放、地下水环境污染、大气环境污染、噪声污染、景观变化和环境安全。根据工作经验,建立了包括建设项目基本情况、生态环境影响、社会环境影响、生态环境保护措施四大类调查监测指标为核心的环保验收调查指标体系,提出了文件资料核实、现场勘查、遥感调查、公众意见调查、环境监测和摄影法为主的建设项目竣工环保验收调查技术方法。     

Evaluation of leachate recirculation on nitrous oxide production in the Likang Landfill,China

Landfill leachate recirculation is efficient in reducing the leachate quantity handled by a leachate treatment plant. However, after land application of leachate, nitrification and denitrification of the ammoniacal N becomes possible and the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is produced. Lack of information on the effects of leachate recirculation on N2O production led to a field study being conducted in the Likang Landfill (Guangzhou, China) where leachate recirculation had been practiced for 8 yr. Monthly productions and fluxes of N2O from leachate and soil were studied from June to November 2000. Environmental and chemical factors regulating N2O production were also accessed. An impermeable top liner was not used at this site; municipal solid waste was simply covered by inert soil and compacted by bulldozers. A high N2O emission rate (113 mg m-2 h-1) was detected from a leachate pond purposely formed on topsoil within the landfill boundary after leachate irrigation. A high N2O level (1.09 micrograms L-1) was detected in a gas sample emitted from topsoil 1 m from the leachate pond. Nitrous oxide production from denitrification in leachate-contaminated soil was at least 20 times higher than that from nitrification based on laboratory incubation studies. The N2O levels emitted from leachate ponds were compared with figures reported for different ecosystems and showed that the results of the present study were 68.7 to 88.6 times higher. Leachate recirculation can be a cost-effective operation in reducing the volume of leachate to be treated in landfill. However, to reduce N2O flux, leachate should be applied to underground soil rather than being irrigated and allowed to flow on topsoil.     

Utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW) ash in cement and mortar

Solid waste management is gaining significant importance with the ever-increasing quantities of waste materials generated these days. With increased environmental awareness and its potential hazardous effects, recycling/utilization of these materials have become an attractive alternative to disposal. Some of these waste and hazardous materials could possible be used in cement-based materials. One of such waste is municipal solid waste. Ash is obtained after incineration of MSW.This paper presents comprehensive details of the physical, chemical, and mineralogical composition, elemental analysis of ash obtained from MSW. It also covers the effect of MSW ash on the hydration characteristics, setting times, compressive strength, sulfate resistance and mass loss of cement and mortar. It also deals with the leachate analysis of MSW ash.     

准好氧填埋早期渗滤液特征浅析

本文基于室内垃圾模拟柱试验，分析了准好氧填埋早期垃圾渗滤液的产生过程及垃圾降解的机理，得出了启动期内垃圾渗滤液产量的变化趋势，总结出准好氧结构的部分优点，并针对早期准好氧渗滤液产量的特点作了相应的讨论。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回流技术研究进展

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回流能有效降低渗滤液中污染物的浓度，提高填埋场稳定化程度，具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了国内外学者对该技术的研究情况，包括技术特点及相关机理、渗滤液特性研究及回流效果的影响因素，指出了该技术现存的不足之处和尚待解决的理论和技术问题。