猪血酶解工艺研究

用研制成功的复合酶和酶解工艺技术，将难于消化的猪血蛋白质水解成１８种氨基酸和部分低肽的固体产品，富含铁、铜、锰、锌等微量元素，血蛋白消化吸收率从２０％左右提高到９５％以上，蛋白质水解率９９．５％，产品中氨基酸总量８５．５％，其中８种必需氨基酸含量３６．１％，产品微生物和理化指标均符合国家食品卫生标准，生产工艺先进合理、生产成本低、对环境无污染．     

尿素催化水解制氨关键性能参数试验研究

本文以某660MW燃煤机组尿素催化水解制氨系统为研究对象，分析水解器产氨量及尿素水解率两项关键性能参数，并从氨逃逸、烟气流量、脱硝入口氮氧化物（NOx）浓度及出口NOx浓度四方面分析对水解器产氨量测试的影响，同时还研究了尿素溶液储罐液位及储罐内径变化量对尿素水解率测试的影响。     

厌氧水解工艺在化妆品厂废水处理中的应用

通过对厌氧水解工艺在化妆品厂废水处理中的试验研究，分析了厌氧水解工艺在气浮-水解-SBR组合工艺中的启动过程和运行效果，以期为厌氧水解工艺在化妆品废水中的实际应用提供依据。     

水解酸化工艺处理糖蜜酒精废水的实验研究

本文研究了水解酸化处理糖蜜酒精废水的效果。结果表明在此条件下，对糖蜜酒精废水的处理比完全厌氧处理有优越性。在水力停留时间为8h时，出水VFA最大，而后趋于平缓。但也不难看出对COD的去除效果并不是很明显。水解酸化作为有效的预处理阶段，可明显提高高浓度有机废水的可生物降解性，为后续处理减轻负担。     

水解(酸化)-好氧工艺处理混合工业废水试验研究

水解（酸化）＋好氧工艺可以有效地用于城市污水与工业废水处理，试验研究了不同工况条件下，水解（酸化）＋好氧工艺处理混合工业废水的效果，通过投加悬浮填料对水工艺过程进行优化，使其处理系统更为有效。在总的水力停留时间分别为11.5h、14.5h、19.0h,CODCr总的平均除率分别为72.1%、76.7%、77.6%,BOD5的去除率为89.6%、90.7%、91.5%，废水经水解（酸化）处理后，BOD5／CODCr有上升趋势，水解时间3.5h、4.5h、6h对应的BOD5／CODCr比值分别提高了3％、11％、17％，表明水解（酸化）提高了混合工业废水的可生化性。针对上海市某工业区混合废水建议水解（酸化）时间控制在6h以上、好氧反应控制在10.0h。     

预处理方法对剩余活性污泥水解影响的比较研究

污泥预处理对污泥水解有较大促进作用,可以明显改善污泥的脱水、厌氧消化性能及其减量化。本文通过比较4种预处理方法加热、加碱、微波、超声波对剩余活性污泥水解性能的影响,探索效率高、成本低的污泥预处理技术。研究结果显示,加热、加碱对污泥水解的促进作用要明显高于微波、超声波预处理,其中加碱预处理的水解效率最高,处理后污泥的SCOD浓度最大提高了16.8倍,而SS、VSS最多分别减少了34%和41%。     

水解酸化预处理工艺及应用

本文总结了水解酸化作为预处理机理及其优点，着重讨论了它的影响因素和控制方法，并就各种工业废水应用作了详述。     

柑橘皮中果胶提取条件的研究

利用酸性水解乙醇沉淀法提取果胶,分别测定了不同的浸泡时间、酸碱度及水解温度对果胶产率的影响.结果表明:浸泡时间与水解时间过长或过短,酸碱度及水解温度过高或过低,果胶的产率均不高,只有浸泡时间在2h左右、水解时间在2～2.5h、pH在2～3之间、水解温度在80～95℃时果胶的得率最大.     

农村小面积污水塘治理技术

由南京金水环境技术有限公司开发的农村小面积污水塘治理技术,适用于300户左右的农村村庄生活污水处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理针对农村污水的实际情况,采用＂水解沉淀＋生物滤池＋集水井＋泵提升＋射流曝气＋生化塘＂的处理工艺。污水首先流入水解沉淀、生物滤池进行强化水解酸化处理,将污水中的不溶性有机物在水解菌作用下,分解为溶解性的有机物,     

重点实用技术推广项目

城市污水水解———好氧生物处理工艺ＴｈｅＨｙｄｒｏｌｙｓｉｓ -ＡｅｒｏｂｉｃＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＴｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔＰｒｏｃｅｓｓｆｏｒＵｒｂａｎＷａｓｔｅＷａｔｅｒ由北京市环境保护科学研究院开发、北京市环保局推荐的城市污水水解———好氧生物处理工艺适用于各类城市污水处理厂及多种工业污水处理厂。主要技术内容一、基本原理该工艺中的水解池是一种新型厌氧反应器 ,利用水解产酸菌可以迅速降解水中有机物 ,形成以水解产酸菌为主的厌氧上流式污泥床 ,由于水解池集生物降解、物理沉降和吸附为一体 ,在与初沉池停留时间相近…     

Resource utilization of wasted black pulping liquor for biodiesel production by Scenedesmus obliquus

The possibility of application of black liquor for oil-riched algae cultivation is inspected. The results show that after ligin removal and enzymatic hydrolysis, the hydrolysate of black liquor contained 9.18 g L^?1 of reducing sugar. When the hydrolysate was used for Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) cultivation, a 1.23 g L^?1, 24.52%, and 23.20 mg L^?1d^?1 was obtained for growth yield, oil content, and the lipid productivity, seperately. The hemicellulose was extracted from black liquor and hydrolyzed. With addition of 3 g L^?1 yeast extract, the growth yield of S. obliquus in hemicellulose hydrolysate increased to 2.7 g L^?1, an increase of 26.8% than that of in glucose medium, oil content was 25.7% and the final lipid productivity reached 53.37 mg L^?1d^?1. The results indicate that black liquor can not be directly used by microalgae, but with approprate treatment, the carbohydrate of it could be recovered and uitilized for the oil production from microalgae.     

废液中CODcr的治理与利用

研究了废液中CODCr的治理与利用.废液处理工艺流程简单,实用,回收了其中的金属,并根据需要将它们制备成相应的化学试剂,用于研究.实验结果令人满意.     

Production of bio-fertilizer by biotransformation of poultry waste enriched with molasses and algae

This research work consists on valorizing poultry waste by biotransformation into biofertilizers, associating this agro-industrial waste with algae (abundant natural resources) and molasses (a by-product of the sugar refining industry) ensuring a good contribution of nutritional chemical elements and obtaining a balanced formulation. A total of seven different formulations of the above three components, were examined in a simplex centroid design. A fungal inoculum of Aspergillus niger was used as a fermentation agent for better quality of biotransformation. The monitoring of this biotransformation is ensured during 15 days by following the evolution of physicochemical and microbiological parameters and, to understand the bioconversion of the simple compounds of the biofertilizer mixture such as short aliphatic chains, sugar, and amino acids into soluble mineral compounds, a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out before and after biotransformation. Finally, germination and fertilization tests were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the final product on a barley crop. The overall results of the present study showed that the mixture which contained 68.75% poultry waste, 12.5% molasses, and 18.75% algae presented the better microbiological and chemical safety criteria required for a good biofertilizer according to NF U44-551 standard.     

利用造纸黑液回收电镀废液中铬的研究

本文报道了利用造纸黑液回收电镀废液中铬的方法，阐明了造纸黑液中所含有还原性物质与Ｃｒ＾６＋的反应机理；讨论了进行反应的最佳条件以及采用这一方法对废液的治理效果。     

Direct utilization of kitchen waste for bioethanol production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) using locally isolated yeast

Kitchen wastes containing high amounts of carbohydrates have potential as low-cost substrates for fermentable sugar production. In this study, enzymatic saccharification of kitchen waste was carried out. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the enzymatic saccharification conditions of kitchen waste. This paper presents analysis of RSM in a predictive model of the combined effects of independent variables (pH, temperature, glucoamylase activity, kitchen waste loading, and hydrolysis time) as the most significant parameters for fermentable sugar production and degree of saccharification. A 100 mL of kitchen waste was hydrolyzed in 250 mL of shake flasks. Quadratic RSM predicted maximum fermentable sugar production of 62.79 g/L and degree of saccharification (59.90%) at the following optimal conditions: pH 5, temperature 60°C, glucoamylase activity of 85 U/mL, and utilized 60 g/L of kitchen waste as a substrate at 10 h hydrolysis time. The verification experiments successfully produced 62.71 ± 0.7 g/L of fermentable sugar with 54.93 ± 0.4% degree of saccharification within 10 h of incubation, indicating that the developed model was successfully used to predict fermentable sugar production at more than 90% accuracy. The sugars produced after hydrolysis of kitchen waste were mainly attributed to monosaccharide: glucose (80%) and fructose (20%). The fermentable sugars obtained were subsequently used as carbon source for bioethanol production by locally isolated yeasts: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parasilosis, and Lanchancea fermentati. The yeasts were successfully consumed as sugars hydrolysate, and produced the highest ethanol yield ranging from 0.45 to 0.5 g/g and productivity between 0.44 g L^–1 h^–1 and 0.47 g L^–1 h^–1 after 24-h incubation, which was equivalent to 82.06–98.19% of conversion based on theoretical yield.     

Recovery of biomass wastes by hydrolysis in sub-critical water

The recovery of waste substances is important not only for the prevention of environmental issues, but also for the rational utilization of natural resources. Hydrolysis reaction in sub-critical water is a promising method for the treatment of organic wastes and has been attracting worldwide attention. In this paper, sub-critical water hydrolysis was employed as a method for producing amino acids, reducing sugars, bio-oil and gas fuels from biomass wastes. The current statuses of these useful chemicals production from biomass wastes by hydrolysis in sub-critical water were reviewed. The review indicates that sub-critical water hydrolysis can be an efficient process for recovering useful chemicals from biomass wastes. This method is renewable, sustainable, efficient, and safe for the environment.     

掌叶大黄叶资源的开发与利用

对掌叶大黄叶中的药用成分做了定性分析,运用凯氏定氮法和液相色谱仪对粗蛋白和氨基酸的含量进行了测定。实验结果表明:掌叶大黄叶中含有多种药用成分,含有除色氨酸以外的7种人体必需氨基酸,粗蛋白含量在叶及叶柄中分别为干重的0 5712%和1 896%。在此基础上,对掌叶大黄叶资源的开发与利用进行了讨论。     

Fish bioassay monitoring of waste effluents

Spills of toxic materials into bodies of water receiving industrial waste discharges can be prevented only if frequent or continuous assessments of effluent quality can be made. Currently available methods can automatically measure individual physical or chemical waste components but cannot assess toxicity caused by the interaction of components or the presence of an unsuspected material. Aquatic organisms, in contrast, respond to their total environment and in this way integrate the effects of all the various chemical and physical waste parameters.This study evaluates the possibility of using the continuously and automatically recorded responses of fish to monitor the toxicity of industrial waste effluents. A review of previously developed toxicity monitoring systems is followed by a field evaluation of a method that uses the computer-monitored ventilatory patterns of 12 bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) to monitor the toxicity of an industrial waste effluent as it flows into a river. No known toxic spills occurred in the effluent during the operation of this system, but acetone added to the effluent waste caused responses from the fish at concentrations which peaked near the 96-hr LC₅₀ level. Some responses were also noted when no known toxicant was present; these were related to environmental disturbances and system design problems. Recommendations are made for the design of future biologic monitoring units.     

From waste to value-added products: A review of opportunities for fish waste valorization

The fishing industry is responsible for generating large amounts of organic waste rich in compounds of commercial interest. This review aimed to present the state of the art about the possibilities of using solid waste to obtain value-added products. Skins, fins, and scales have been used to obtain gelatin and collagen, a promising compound for use as an additive in yogurts and creams, as well as for the synthesis of biodegradable packaging that, if applicable, can reduce the environmental impact caused by petroleum packaging. Other parts, such as the head and the viscera, contain polyunsaturated fatty acids and other fat-soluble vitamins that have been studied for the production of omega-3 capsules for the pharmaceutical industry, but when the extracted oil does not fit the feeding parameters, it can be applied for the production of biodiesel. Furthermore, fishes are a promising source of astaxanthin, a carotenoid with high antioxidant properties. The use of combined techniques such as chemical and enzymatic methods can increase the extraction yield and favor the obtaining of more purified compounds, in addition to promoting the reduction of chemicals that are aggressive to the environment. In general, conscious production in the fishing industry through the valorization of waste generated for use as inputs for other value chains encompasses aspects of the circular economy, which can positively impact several Sustainable Development Goals.