Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution with bamboo charcoal chemically modified by iron and cobalt with the assistance of microwave

Bamboo charcoal (BC) was used as starting material to prepare Co-Fe binary oxideloaded adsorbent (Co-Fe-MBC) through its impregnation in Co(NO3)2 , FeCl3 and HNO3 solutions simultaneously, followed by microwave heating. The low-cost composite was characterized and used as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from water. The results showed that a cobalt and iron binary oxide (CoFe2O4 ) was uniformly formed on the BC through redox reactions. The composite exhibited higher surface area (331 m2/g) than that of BC or BC loaded with Fe alone (Fe-MBC). The adsorption of Cr(VI) strongly depended on solution pH, temperature and ionic strength. The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well, and the maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) at 288 K and pH 5.0 were 35.7 and 51.7 mg/g for Fe-MBC and Co-Fe-MBC, respectively. The adsorption processes were well fitted by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto both adsorbents was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic under the studied conditions. The spent Co-Fe-MBC could be readily regenerated for reuse.     

Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by hydrous manganese dioxide: Adsorption behavior and mechanism

Hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) synthesized by redox of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide was used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) removal.The specific surface area,pore volume and BJH pore diameter of the HMO were 79.31m2/g,0.07cm3/g and 3.38 nm,respectively.The adsorption equilibrium at 298K could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation with q max value of 352.55mg/g.The negative values of G and the positive values of H and S indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.The pseudo second-order equation could best fit the adsorption data.The value of the calculated activation energy for Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption onto the HMO was 38.23 kJ/mol.The uptake of Pb(Ⅱ) by HMO was correlated with increasing surface hydroxyl group content and the main adsorbed speciation was PbOH+.The final chemical state of Pb(Ⅱ) on the surface of HMO was similar to PbO.HMO was a promising candidate for Pb(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution.     

CuFeO2改性生物炭对四环素的吸附特性

利用共沉淀和水热法于生物炭（BC250、BC350、BC450、BC550和BC650）负载CuFeO₂,得到的复合材料对水中四环素（TC）具有较好的去除效果.CuFeO₂与BC450质量比为2 ：1的CuFeO₂改性生物炭（CuFeO₂/BC450=2 ：1）对TC的吸附性能最强.TC于CuFeO₂/BC450=2 ：1的吸附符合颗粒内扩散模型,表明吸附是界面和孔隙扩散控制的过程.在中性pH、298 K下,CuFeO₂/BC450=2 ：1对TC的Langmuir最大吸附量为82.8 mg ·g^-1,远大于BC450的13.7 mg ·g^-1和CuFeO₂的14.8 mg ·g^-1.热力学结果表明,CuFeO₂/BC450=2 ：1对TC的吸附是自发和吸热过程.随pH增加,CuFeO₂/BC450=2 ：1对TC的吸附去除呈先增加后降低的趋势,中性条件时效果最佳.CuFeO₂/BC450=2 ：1对TC的强吸附得益于CuFeO₂负载对材料孔隙结构的改善、比表面积的增大和表面官能团、电荷属性的改变.研究结果为净化抗生素污染提供了一种高效的磁性吸附剂.     

Sequestration of toxic Pb（II） ions by chemically treated rubber （Hevea brasiliensis ） leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

Amino-functionalized core-shell magnetic mesoporous composite microspheres for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal

Amino-functionalized Fe3O4@mesoporous SiO/ core-shell composite microspheres NH2-MS in created in multiple synthesis steps have been investigated for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption. The microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, N2 adsorption-desorption, zeta potential measurements and vibrating sample magnetometer. Batch adsorption tests indicated that NH2-MS exhibited higher adsorption affinity toward Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） than MS did. The Langmuir model could fit the adsorption isotherm very well with maximum adsorption capacity of 128.21 and 51.81 mg/g for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ）, respectively, implying that adsorption processes involved monolayer adsorption. Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption could be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetics model, and was found to be strongly dependent on pH and humic acid. The Pb（Ⅱ）- and Cd（Ⅱ）-loaded microspheres were effectively desorbed using 0.01 mol/L HC1 or EDTA solution. NH2-MS have promise for use as adsorbents in the removal of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） in wastewater treatment processes.     

羟基磷灰石对水中刚果红的吸附作用研究

通过吸附实验考察了羟基磷灰石对水中刚果红的吸附作用,结果表明羟基磷灰石对水中的刚果红具备良好的吸附效果.准二级动力学模型适合描述羟基磷灰石对水中刚果红的吸附动力学过程.Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)等温吸附模型可以用于描述羟基磷灰石对水中刚果红的吸附平衡数据.羟基磷灰石对水中刚果红的吸附是自发和放热的过程.当pH超过8时,羟基磷灰石对水中刚果红的吸附能力随pH的增加而明显降低.吸附了刚果红的羟基磷灰石经过热再生后可以循环使用,并且热再生后的羟基磷灰石对水中刚果红的吸附性能良好.当pH低于羟基磷灰石的零电荷点时,磷灰石吸附水中刚果红的机制是静电吸引、氢键和路易斯酸碱反应;当pH高于羟基磷灰石的零电荷点时,羟基磷灰石吸附水中刚果红的机制是氢键和路易斯酸碱反应.上述结果表明,羟基磷灰石适合作为一种吸附剂去除废水中的刚果红.     

Removal of microcystin-LR from drinking water using a bamboo-based charcoal adsorbent modified with chitosan

The bamboo charcoal adsorbent modified with chitosan can effectively remove microcystin-LR from drinking water.     

Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from industrial effluents using activated carbon derived from waste coconut buttons

Removal of heavy metal ions from industrial effluents by the activated carbon prepared by steam activation of waste coconut buttons through batch adsorption process.     

Removal of Cd2+ from water by Friedel’s salt (FS: 3CaO.Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O): Sorption characteristics and mechanisms

The development of low-cost and efficient new mineral adsorbents has been a hot topic in recent years. In this study, Friedel’s salt (FS:3CaO·A12O3 ·CaCl2 ·10H2O), a hexagonal layered inorganic absorbent, was synthesized to remove Cd2+ from water. The adsorption process was simulated by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption mechanism was further analyzed with TEM, XRD, FT-IR analysis and monitoring of metal cations released and solution pH variation. The results indicated the adsorbent FS had an outstanding ability for Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) removal can reach up to 671.14 mg/g. The nearly equal numbers of Cd2+ adsorbed and Ca2+ released demonstrated that ion-exchange (both surface and inner) of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) played an important role during the adsorption process. Furthermore, the surface of the FS after adsorption was microscopically disintegrated while the inner lamellar structure was almost unchanged. The behavior of Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption by FS was significantly affected by surface reactions. The mechanisms of Cd2+ adsorption by the FS mainly included surface complexation and surface precipitation. In the present study, the adsorption process was fitted better by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9999) than the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.8122). Finally, due to the high capacity for ion-exchange on the FS surface, FS is a promising layered inorganic adsorbent for the removal of Cd(Ⅱ) from water.     

Simultaneous adsorption of As(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ) by the iron-sulfur codoped biochar composite:Competitive and synergistic effects

Simultaneous elimination of As(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater is still a great challenge.In this work,an iron-sulfur codoped biochar (Fe/S-BC) was successfully fabricated in a simplified way and was applied to the remediate the co-pollution of As(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ).The positive enthalpy indicated that the adsorption in As-Pb co-pollution was an endothermic reaction.The mechanism of As(Ⅲ) removal could be illustrated by surface complexation,oxidation and precipitation.In addition to precipitation and com...     

Pb（II） biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads： Equilibrium, ion exchange and mechanism studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and di erent initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non–linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However, the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb(II) ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb(II) ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an e cient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.     

Synthesis of mesoporous Cu/Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide and its adsorption performance for arsenate in aqueous solutions

The mesoporous Cu/Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide(Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH) with carbonate intercalation was synthesized and used for the removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions.The Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,X-ray diffraction crystallography,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller.Effects of various physico-chemical parameters such as pH,adsorbent dosage,contact time and initial arsenate concentration on the adsorption of arsenate onto Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH were investigated.Results showed that it was efficient for the removal of arsenate,and the removal efficiency of arsenate increased with the increment of the adsorbent dosage,while the arsenate adsorption capacity decreased with increase of initial pH from 3 to 11.The adsorption isotherms can be well described by the Langmuir model with R 2 > 0.99.Its adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model.Coexisting ions such as HPO42-,CO32-,SO42and NO3could compete with arsenate for adsorption sites on the Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH.The adsorption of arsenate on the adsorbent can be mainly attributed to the ion exchange process.It was found that the synthesized Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH can reduce the arsenate concentration down to a final level of < 10 μg/L under the experimental conditions,and makes it a potential material for the decontamination of arsenate polluted water.     

Rapid adsorption of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution using multiwall carbon nanotubes synthesized by microwave chemical vapor deposition technique

Multiwall carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) were synthesized using a tubular microwave chemical vapor deposition technique, using acetylene and hydrogen as the precursor gases and ferrocene as catalyst. The novel MWCNT samples were tested for their performance in terms of Pb(Ⅱ)binding. The synthesized MWCNT samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller(BET), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM) analysis, and the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) was studied as a function of p H,initial Pb(Ⅱ) concentration, MWCNT dosage, agitation speed, and adsorption time, and process parameters were optimized. The adsorption data followed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. On the basis of the Langmuir model, Qmaxwas calculated to be 104.2 mg/g for the microwave-synthesized MWCNTs. In order to investigate the dynamic behavior of MWCNTs as an adsorbent, the kinetic data were modeled using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations. Different thermodynamic parameters, viz., ΔH0, ΔS0and ΔG0were evaluated and it was found that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The statistical analysis revealed that the optimum conditions for the highest removal(99.9%) of Pb(Ⅱ) are at p H 5, MWCNT dosage 0.1 g, agitation speed 160 r/min and time of 22.5 min with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. Our results proved that microwave-synthesized MWCNTs can be used as an effective Pb(Ⅱ) adsorbent due to their high adsorption capacity as well as the short adsorption time needed to achieve equilibrium.     

沸石与炉渣组合材料吸附农村生活垃圾渗滤液的效能及机理研究

选取沸石和炉渣作为吸附材料,探究单一材料下吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、渗滤液初始pH值对农村生活垃圾渗滤液吸附效能的影响及其机理.确定各因素最优值后,探究组合材料下吸附效能的优化条件.综合考虑试验结果,可操作性及运行成本,吸附时间120 min、吸附剂投加量为50 g·L~(-1)、渗滤液初始pH值为自然值的条件下,沸石对渗滤液中CODCr、NH_3-N、TN、TP的去除效果较好,去除率分别为37.54%、62.91%、34.48%和27.73%,炉渣对重金属Cr、As、Cd、Ni、Pb的吸附效果较好,去除率分别为81.79%、35.99%、97.26%、74.89%和91.19%.多种吸附作用中化学吸附占主导作用.组合材料对渗滤液常规污染物的去除效率较单一材料提升不大,对重金属的去除效率保持了很高的性能,实际中可考虑采用沸石与炉渣滤池串联的形式实现对渗滤液常规污染物及重金属的高效去除.     

磁性吸附剂CeO2/MZFS去除水中盐酸四环素

利用废碱性电池制备得到尖晶石结构的锰锌铁氧体Mn_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄（MZF）,利用原位聚合制备得到硅包覆的磁性纳米复合物MZF@SiO₂（MZFS）,采用浸渍法制备得到集磁分离、吸附与类Fenton催化活性于一体的CeO₂/MZFS磁性吸附剂,并对其形貌和磁性能等进行了表征.结果表明,CeO₂/MZFS对水中盐酸四环素（TH）表现出良好的吸附性能,160 min吸附过程可达平衡,TH的去除率达到95%.吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程描述,化学吸附为速控步骤;Freundlich等温吸附模型能较好地描述该吸附过程,热力学计算结果表明,CeO₂/MZFS对TH的吸附是以物理吸附为主的自发吸热过程;利用红外光谱初步揭示了吸附机制.吸附TH后的CeO₂/MZFS可利用其非均相类Fenton催化活性以H₂O₂作为再生剂进行原位再生,6次循环使用后,CeO₂/MZFS对TH仍能保持较高的平衡吸附量.研究结果可为抗生素废水的治理提供理论指导和技术支持.     

NaHCO3活化荞麦皮生物炭对碘帕醇的吸附

采用NaHCO₃活化荞麦皮生物炭,优化得到生物炭0.25N-BC[m（NaHCO₃）：m（荞麦皮）=0.25：1],通过SEM、BET、XRD、Raman、FTIR和XPS等方法进行表征,分析NaHCO₃对生物炭理化性质的影响,探究其对非离子型碘代X射线造影剂碘帕醇（IPM）的吸附性能和机制.结果表明,与荞麦皮生物炭相比（BC）,NaHCO₃活化生物炭的结构缺陷程度更高（比表面积和孔体积分别由480.40 m²·g^-1和0.29 cm³·g^-1增至572.83 m²·g^-1和0.40 cm³·g^-1,I_D/I_G是BC的1.22倍）,表面含碳和含氧官能团数量发生显著变化,极性增强[（N+O）/C由0.15增至0.24],能够有效吸附IPM,0.25N-BC对IPM最大吸附量达到74.94 mg·g^-1,是BC （7.88 mg·g^-1）的9.51倍.拟二级吸附动力学和Langmuir、Freundlich等温线模型可很好地拟合0.25N-BC对IPM的吸附,吸附过程主要以化学吸附和单层、非均质多层吸附为主;孔隙填充、氢键、π—π和n—π相互作用是0.25N-BC吸附IPM的主要机制.对比不同碱[KOH、Na₂CO₃、NaHCO₃、KHCO₃和Ca （HCO₃）₂]活化荞麦皮生物炭对IPM的吸附,0.25N-BC吸附效率高,达到吸附平衡时间短,能有效去除实际水体（二沉池出水和湖水）中IPM的残留,并具有良好的循环使用性能,吸附-解吸3次后对IPM的去除率仍保持在74.91%.研究表明NaHCO₃活化荞麦皮生物炭是一种绿色有效,可持续去除含碘有机物的优良吸附剂.     

Sequestration of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions by chemically treated rubber(Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder(an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated.The interactions between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX).The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH,adsorbent dosage,initial lead concentration and contact time were studied.The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4-5.Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g,almost 100% of Pb(Ⅱ) ions(23 mg/L) could be removed.The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time,and relatively a short period of time(60-90 min) was required to reach equilibrium.The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir,Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.Based on Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g.Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order,pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process,and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

Comparison of activated carbon and iron/cerium modified activated carbon to remove methylene blue from wastewater

The methylene blue(MB)removal abilities of raw activated carbon and iron/cerium modified raw activated carbon(Fe–Ce-AC)by adsorption were researched and compared.The characteristics of Fe–Ce-AC were examined by N_2adsorption,zeta potential measurement,FTIR,Raman,XRD,XPS,SEM and EDS.After modification,the following phenomena occurred:The BET surface area,average pore diameter and total pore volume decreased;the degree of graphitization also decreased.Moreover,the presence of Fe_3O_4led to Fe–Ce-AC having magnetic properties,which makes it easy to separate from dye wastewater in an external magnetic field and subsequently recycle.In addition,the equilibrium isotherms and kinetics of MB adsorption on raw activated carbon and Fe–Ce-AC were systematically examined.The equilibrium adsorption data indicated that the adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir isotherm,and the pseudo-second-order model matched the kinetic data well.Compared with raw activated carbon,the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of Fe–Ce-AC increased by27.31%.According to the experimental results,Fe–Ce-AC can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of MB from dye wastewater.     

污泥生物炭硼掺杂改性及其对水中1,2-二氯乙烷吸附行为和机制

以市政污泥为前驱体，采用硼酸掺杂改性共热解法，制备了污泥生物炭(BC600)和B掺杂污泥生物炭(BBC600),采用SEM、BET、FTIR、Zeta电位和静态接触角等手段对材料进行了结构表征，研究了BC600和BBC600对水中1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCA)的吸附行为、机制和影响因素.结构表征结果表明，B掺杂改性后，生物炭中B元素含量、比表面积和孔容分别提高了76%、48%和30%;B掺杂改性对生物炭表面电荷及亲疏水性影响不大，BC600和BBC600表面均带有负电荷，接触角均<90°,两者均具有较好的亲水性.吸附实验结果表明，BBC600对1,2-DCA的吸附性能优于BC600,缘于BBC600更大的比表面积和强度更高的含氧官能团；准一级动力学方程可以较好描述BC600吸附1,2-DCA过程，准二级动力学方程能较好拟合BBC600吸附1,2-DCA过程，颗粒内扩散不是影响吸附速率的唯一限速步骤；碱性条件下生物炭材料更加分散和稳定，且其含氧官能团去质子化，供电子能力增强，有利于对1,2-DCA的吸附；腐殖酸(HA)对BC600吸附1,2-DCA呈现低浓度促进，高浓度抑制的作...